scholarly journals Assemblage of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and green waste compost enhance drought stress tolerance in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Boutasknit ◽  
Marouane Baslam ◽  
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar ◽  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Raja Ben-Laouane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua

AbstractIn the current study, an eco-friendly management technology to improve young carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) tree tolerance to water deficit was set up by using single or combined treatments of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or compost (C). Two groups of young carob have been installed: (i) carob cultivated under well-watered conditions (WW; 70% field capacity (FC)) and (ii) where the plants were drought-stressed (DS; 35% FC) during 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. The effect of used biofertilizers on the course of growth, physiological (photosynthetic traits, water status, osmolytes, and mineral content), and biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde (MDA), and membrane stability (MS)) traits in response to short- and long-term droughts were assessed. The dual application of AMF and C (C + AMF) boosted growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake in carob under WW and DS. After eight months, C + AMF significantly enhanced stomatal conductance by 20%, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII by 7%, leaf water potential by 23%, chlorophyll and carotenoid by 40%, plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P by 75%, N by 46%, K+ by 35%, and Ca2+ by 40%), concentrations of soluble sugar by 40%, and protein content by 44% than controls under DS conditions. Notably, C + AMF reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA content to a greater degree and increased MS. In contrast, enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase) significantly increased in C + AMF plants under DS. Overall, our findings suggest that the pairing of C + AMF can mediate superior drought tolerance in young carob trees by increasing leaf stomatal conductance, cellular water content, higher solute concentration, and defense response against oxidative damage during the prolonged period of DS.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Boutasknit ◽  
Marouane Baslam ◽  
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar ◽  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Raja Ben-Laouane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Improvement Programs

Irregular precipitation and drought caused an increase in tree mortality rates in multiple forest biomes with alterations in both ecosystem services and carbon balance. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) growth and production in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are likely affected by climate change-induced droughts. Understanding the physiological responses of drought-induced early-stage tree death and strategies to enhance drought tolerance and optimize growth will help tree improvement programs. Mycorrhizal inoculation has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected cellular processes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of stresses. The objectives of this work were to elucidate the different effects of autochthone AMF on inorganic solute and water content uptakes, organic adjustments (sugar and proteins content), leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosystems I and II), and oxidative damage of two contrasting ecotypes of carob seedlings: coastal (southern ecotype (SE)) and in-land (northern ecotype (NE)) under control (C), drought (by cessation of irrigation for 15 days (15D)), and recovery (R) conditions. Our findings showed that AMF promoted growth, nutrient content, and physiological and biochemical parameters in plants of both ecotypes during C, 15D, and R conditions. After four days of recovery, stomatal conductance (gs), the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), water content, and plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P, K, Na, and Ca) were significantly higher in shoots of mycorrhizal (AM) than non-mycorrhizal (NM) control plants. Consequently, AMF reduced to a greater degree the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidative damage to lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA)) content in AM than NM plants in NE and SE, after recovery. Altogether, our findings suggest that AMF can play a role in drought resistance of carob trees at an early stage by increasing the inorganic solutes (P, K, Na, and Ca), water content uptake, organic solutes (soluble sugars and protein content), stomatal conductance, and defense response against oxidative damage during re-watering after drought stress.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate MAPK Pathway Genes Expression and Enhance Drought Tolerance of Populus Simonii × P. Nigra Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tao ◽  
Fengxin Dong ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with host plants, which can promote plants to absorb more water and nutrients, and thus improve the stress resistance of plants. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on Populus simonii × P. nigra seedlings under drought stress. Results: The experiment was a completely random design with two water conditions (well-watered or drought stress) and two AMF treatments (inoculated with or without R. irregularis). Our results showed that mycorrhizal seedlings performed less oxidative damage and stronger tolerance of drought, which recorded higher photosynthesis and less concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and proline under drought stress versus non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Under drought stress, AMF inoculation reduced soluble sugar concentration in leaves but promoted its accumulation in roots. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves and roots, and catalase (CAT) activity in roots of mycorrhizal seedlings were lower than non-mycorrhizal seedlings, but CAT activity in leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings was higher than non-mycorrhizal seedlings under drought stress. Drought stress and AMF inoculation both induced the expressions of MAPKs of P. simonii × P. nigra, but the expression patterns of MAPKs under four treatments were obviously different.Conclusions: Overall, our results demonstrated that mycorrhizal seedlings had less oxidative damage and stronger tolerance to drought. MAPKs expressions of P. simonii×P. nigra (PsnMAPKs) were induced by drought stress and AMF inoculation, and the expression patterns of PsnMAPKs in response to drought stress were different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings may be adapted to drought by up-regulating MAPKs expressions leading to stomatal closure. Drought stress decreased serval PsnMAPKs expressions induced by AMF inoculation, which may be associated with mycorrhizal colonization.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Improves Capparis spinosa’s Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Photosynthetic Efficiency under Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bouskout ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Mohamed Najib Al Feddy ◽  
Hanane Dounas ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Agricultural yields are under constant jeopardy as climate change and abiotic pressures spread worldwide. Using rhizospheric microbes as biostimulants/biofertilizers is one of the best ways to improve agro-agriculture in the face of these things. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether a native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum (AMF-complex) might improve caper (Capparis spinosa) seedlings’ nutritional status, their morphological/growth performance and photosynthetic efficiency under water-deficit stress (WDS). Thus, caper plantlets inoculated with or without an AMF complex (+AMF and −AMF, respectively) were grown under three gradually increasing WDS regimes, i.e., 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity (FC). Overall, measurements of morphological traits, biomass production and nutrient uptake (particularly P, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) showed that mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increased these variables significantly, notably in moderate and severe WDS conditions. The increased WDS levels reduced the photochemical efficiency indices (Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo) in −AMF plants, while AMF-complex application significantly augmented these parameters. Furthermore, the photosynthetic pigments content was substantially higher in +AMF seedlings than −AMF controls at all the WDS levels. Favorably, at 25% FC, AMF-colonized plants produce approximately twice as many carotenoids as non-colonized ones. In conclusion, AMF inoculation seems to be a powerful eco-engineering strategy for improving the caper seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in harsh environments.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation as a Climate Adaptation Strategy for Establishment of Swietenia macrophylla King. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Lakshmy J. Rajan ◽  
Santhoshkumar A. V. ◽  
Surendra Gopal K. ◽  
Kunhamu T. K.
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Research Highlights: Drought stress significantly decreased the performance of seedlings in the nursery. Seedlings inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum is recommended to produce superior planting stock of mahogany seedlings with better drought resistance in the nursery. Background and Objectives: With numerous intense droughts across tropical regions due to climate change, it is crucial to understand effects of drought stress on tree seedlings to improve crop management practices and avoid failures on large scale planting. Swietenia macrophylla, a commercial timber species in India, is poorly studied in relation to its management including physiological responses to various environmental stresses. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known to improve performance of tree seedlings under drought conditions and produce quality planting stock in nursery. This study aims to understand the responses of mahogany seedlings under different levels of drought stress when inoculated with three types of AMF, namely Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus intraradices. Materials and Methods: The experiment is conducted in pot culture using a factorial completely randomized design. Different irrigation regimes were applied at 100, 80, 60, and 40 percentage of weekly cumulative evapotranspiration. The seedlings were tested for biometric, physiological, and mycorrhizal parameters periodically. Results: Physiological attributes such as rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and water potential were found to be higher in the daily irrigated (control) seedlings. Performance of the seedlings were poorest in the least irrigated treatment. It was apparent that inoculated seedlings performed better than the non-inoculated ones. Conclusions: Among the three different AMF species used, C. etunicatum was found to be the most beneficial and suitable for the young mahogany seedlings. These seedlings also recorded higher root colonization percentage and total spore count in the rhizosphere soils. Seedlings inoculated with C. etunicatum showed positive influence on rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, relative growth rate (RGR) and water potential of seedlings.

scholarly journals Coordinated Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soybean MAPK Pathway Genes Improved Mycorrhizal Soybean Drought Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilei Liu ◽  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Haichao Wei ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mapk Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in the stress response in both plants and microorganisms. The mycorrhizal symbiosis established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can enhance plant drought tolerance, which might be closely related to the fungal MAPK response and the molecular dialogue between fungal and soybean MAPK cascades. To verify the above hypothesis, germinal Glomus intraradices (syn. Rhizophagus irregularis) spores and potted experiments were conducted. The results showed that AMF GiMAPKs with high homology with MAPKs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had different gene expression patterns under different conditions (nitrogen starvation, abscisic acid treatment, and drought). Drought stress upregulated the levels of fungi and soybean MAPK transcripts in mycorrhizal soybean roots, indicating the possibility of a molecular dialogue between the two symbiotic sides of symbiosis and suggesting that they might cooperate to regulate the mycorrhizal soybean drought-stress response. Meanwhile, the changes in hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugar, and proline levels in mycorrhizal soybean as well as in the accelerated exchange of carbon and nitrogen in the symbionts were contributable to drought adaptation of the host plants. Thus, it can be preliminarily inferred that the interactions of MAPK signals on both sides, symbiotic fungus and plant, might regulate the response of symbiosis and, thus, improve the resistance of mycorrhizal soybean to drought stress.

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

scholarly journals Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and tolerance to water deficit of coffee plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Moreira ◽  
André C. França ◽  
Wellington W. Rocha ◽  
Evandro S. R. Tibães ◽  
Eudes Neiva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACT Water stress can be alleviated in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to that experienced by those without mycorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of coffee plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different soil moisture conditions. Seeds of the coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and three fungal inoculants (Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama) were used in this study. The soil moisture contents tested were 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity. Seedlings in the matchstick stage were inoculated with mycorrhizae, and then later planted in plastic pots when they developed four to five pairs of definitive leaves. Both the extent of mycorrhizal colonization and increases in leaf area were related to soil moisture content in a quadratic manner for plants inoculated with all three mycorhizzal fungi (R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama), as well as for non-inoculated ones. The highest value of colonization of coffee by mycorrhizae was 39%, which occurred in association with R. clarus at 71% of field capacity. The leaf areas of plants inoculated with fungi increased more than those of non-inoculated plants, regardless of the type of inoculum used. Plants inoculated with D. heterogama at 100% field capacity produced 21% more root dry mass than non-inoculated plants did. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and higher soil moisture increased the growth of coffee seedlings. The plants inoculated with R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama were tolerant to moderate water deficits (i.e. lower soil water contents). Mycorrhizal colonization was highest for plants in soils with moisture levels close to 75% of field capacity.

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