scholarly journals Alteration of acute toxicity of inorganic and methyl mercury to Daphnia magna by dietary addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Hylton ◽  
Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Body Residue

AbstractAcute toxicity of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] and methylmercury (MeHg) to Daphnia magna was characterized using a 48-h static, non-renewal acute toxicity test, in which we compared the toxicity of Hg(II) and MeHg in the absence (water-only) and presence of diet [green alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata), yeast, Cerophyll, and trout chow (YCT), or both]. Overall, Hg(II) is more toxic to D. magna than MeHg, with 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) being 4.3 µg/L (95% confidence interval: 4.1–4.5 µg/L) for Hg(II) and 14.3 µg/L (13.2–15.3 µg/L) for MeHg. For Hg(II), the addition of any diet would significantly increase its 48-h LC50, but the 48-h LC50 for MeHg decreased significantly to 7.1 µg/L (6.4–7.8 µg/L) with the algal addition. We also show that the addition of diets significantly influenced the levels and speciation (dissolved vs. particulate) of both Hg forms in the test solution. The bioaccumulation of Hg(II) and MeHg was impacted by the dietary addition, and it appears that the body residue level triggering mortality varied widely among treatments. The results suggest that standard short-term toxicity tests (water-only) should be supplemented with extra tests with dietary addition to provide a more environmentally relevant estimation of short-term toxicity of chemical compounds.

scholarly journals Study of whole effluent acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) as an evaluation of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning industrial performance rank in environmental management

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Neng Rohmah ◽  
Dwina Roosmini ◽  
Mochamad Adi Septiono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Parameter Monitoring

Only 15% of the industries in Citarum Watershed, specifically in Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Sumedang Regency, Bandung City and Cimahi City, are registered as PROPER industries. They must comply to indicators as set in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning Industrial Performance Rank in Environmental Management, as a requirement to apply for PROPER. Wastewater treatment and management, referencing to Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 5 In 2014 concerning Wastewater Effluent Standards, must be performed to be registered as PROPER industries. Conducting only physical-chemical parameter monitoring of wastewater is insufficient to determine the safety of wastewater discharged into the river, therefore additional toxicity tests involving bioindicator are required to determine acute toxicity characteristic of wastewater. The acute toxicity test quantifies LC50 value based on death response of bioindicators from certain dosage. Daphnia magna was used as bioindicator in the toxicity test and probit software for analysis. In 2015-2016, the number of industries that discharged wastewater exceeding the standard was found greater in non-PROPER industries than in PROPER industries. Based on the toxicity level, both PROPER and non-PROPER industries have toxic properties, however PROPER industries of 2015-2016 is more toxic with LC5096 value reaching 2.79%.

scholarly journals Landfill Leachate Toxicity Removal in Combined Treatment with Municipal Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kalka
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

Combined treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater was performed in order to investigate the changes of leachate toxicity during biological treatment. Three laboratory A2O lab-scale reactors were operating under the same parameters (Q-8.5–10 L/d; HRT-1.4–1.6 d; MLSS 1.6–2.5 g/L) except for the influent characteristic and load. The influent of reactor I consisted of municipal wastewater amended with leachate from postclosure landfill; influent of reactor II consisted of leachate collected from transient landfill and municipal wastewater; reactor III served as a control and its influent consisted of municipal wastewater only. Toxicity of raw and treated wastewater was determinted by four acute toxicity tests withDaphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Vibrio fischeri,andRaphidocelis subcapitata. Landfill leachate increased initial toxicity of wastewater. During biological treatment, significant decline of acute toxicity was observed, but still mixture of leachate and wastewater was harmful to all tested organisms.

The precision of daphnid (Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) static acute toxicity tests

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Gersich ◽  
F. A. Blanchard ◽  
S. L. Applegath ◽  
C. N. Park
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF EUPATORIUM FORTUNEI TO DAPHNIA MAGNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2C) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Nga
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Potential Risks

Previous studies have shown that the crude ethanol extract and its ethylacetate fraction of the plant Eupatorium fortunei Turcz strongly inhibited the growth of a harmful freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the perspective of using these plant extracts as alternative algicides takes into account their potential risks to other species in aquatic ecosystems, including Daphnia magna. The current study presents the acute toxicity of the extracts to D. magna. The median lethal concentrations, immobilizing 50 % of D. magna, (LC50) after 24 and 48 h of the ethanol extract were 247 and 183 mg L-1, respectively. In the exposure to ethyl acetate fraction, the values of 24h-LC50 and 48h-LC50 were 47 and 13 mg L-1, respectively. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in the control and treatments had little change during the 48-hour experiment period, fluctuating from 6.44 ÷ 7.90 and 6.07 ÷ 7.78 mg L-1, respectively, and they were still good conditions for D.magna growth. Finally, these results prove clearly that the ethyl acetate fraction is more toxic to the freshwater cladoceran than the ethanol extract. To our knowledge, it is the first report of the acute toxic estimation of E. fortunei extracts to zooplankton species, D. magna. Chronic toxicity of these extracts to D. magna needs to be studied in next step. 

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Tests of Basil Leaves (Ocimumsanctum) Ethanolic Extract Determined By LD50 and Renal Histopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Cholis Abrori ◽  
Khana Nurfadhila ◽  
Elly Nurus Sakinah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Ld50 Value

Basil leaves are widely used as herbal remedies and have proven many benefits because the content of phytonutrients includes antioxidants, but at certain doses a compound retains a probability of causing toxicity in the body. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of basil leaves seen from the value of LD50 range and renal histopathology which is the vital organ of the target of toxicity in the body. The method of acute oral toxicity test was OECD 420 fix dose procedure method with a group of 5 Balb/c female mice given a multilevel dosage. The initial dose is 2000 mg/Kg.b.w selected on a sighting study as a dose that may cause mild toxicity symptoms but does not cause death. There are 2 groups consist of treatment with dose at LD50 value and control. The result of this research showed that LD50 value of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum > 2000 mg/Kg.b.w. The mean renal histopathologyc scores between the control and the treatment were significantly different by The Mann-Whitney test with significance value of p=0.018. Ocimum sanctum ethanolic extract is classified as non-toxic compounds but there was a change in renal histopathology of mice in the form of focal lesions after acute exposure at highest dose of OECD 420 method. Keywords: acute toxicity test, renal histopathology, basil leaves

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