scholarly journals Neural correlates of integration processes during dynamic face perception

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Alp ◽  
Huseyin Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Dynamic Faces ◽  
Nonlinear Processing ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntegrating the spatiotemporal information acquired from the highly dynamic world around us is essential to navigate, reason, and decide properly. Although this is particularly important in a face-to-face conversation, very little research to date has specifically examined the neural correlates of temporal integration in dynamic face perception. Here we present statistically robust observations regarding the brain activations measured via electroencephalography (EEG) that are specific to the temporal integration. To that end, we generate videos of neutral faces of individuals and non-face objects, modulate the contrast of the even and odd frames at two specific frequencies ($$f_1$$ f 1 and $$f_2$$ f 2 ) in an interlaced manner, and measure the steady-state visual evoked potential as participants view the videos. Then, we analyze the intermodulation components (IMs: ($$nf_1\pm mf_2$$ n f 1 ± m f 2 ), a linear combination of the fundamentals with integer multipliers) that consequently reflect the nonlinear processing and indicate temporal integration by design. We show that electrodes around the medial temporal, inferior, and medial frontal areas respond strongly and selectively when viewing dynamic faces, which manifests the essential processes underlying our ability to perceive and understand our social world. The generation of IMs is only possible if even and odd frames are processed in succession and integrated temporally, therefore, the strong IMs in our frequency spectrum analysis show that the time between frames (1/60 s) is sufficient for temporal integration.

scholarly journals GPR110 ligands reduce chronic optic tract gliosis and visual deficit following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huazhen Chen ◽  
Karl Kevala ◽  
Elma Aflaki ◽  
Juan Marugan ◽  
Hee-Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Primary Microglia ◽  
Visual Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in chronic visual dysfunction. G-protein receptor 110 (GPR110, ADGRF1) is the target receptor of N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide) mediating the anti-neuroinflammatory function of synaptamide. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an endogenous and a synthetic ligand of GPR110, synaptamide and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenamide (dimethylsynaptamide, A8), on the mTBI-induced long-term optic tract histopathology and visual dysfunction using Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA), a clinically relevant model of mTBI. Methods The brain injury in wild-type (WT) and GPR110 knockout (KO) mice was induced by CHIMERA applied daily for 3 days, and GPR110 ligands were intraperitoneally injected immediately following each impact. The expression of GPR110 and proinflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the brain was measured by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in an acute phase. Chronic inflammatory responses in the optic tract and visual dysfunction were assessed by immunostaining for Iba-1 and GFAP and visual evoked potential (VEP), respectively. The effect of GPR110 ligands in vitro was evaluated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in primary microglia isolated from adult WT or KO mouse brains. Results CHIMERA injury acutely upregulated the GPR110 and TNF gene level in mouse brain. Repetitive CHIMERA (rCHIMERA) increased the GFAP and Iba-1 immunostaining of glia cells and silver staining of degenerating axons in the optic tract with significant reduction of N1 amplitude of visual evoked potential at up to 3.5 months after injury. Both GPR110 ligands dose- and GPR110-dependently increased cAMP in cultured primary microglia with A8, a ligand with improved stability, being more effective than synaptamide. Intraperitoneal injection of A8 at 1 mg/kg or synaptamide at 5 mg/kg significantly reduced the acute expression of TNF mRNA in the brain and ameliorated chronic optic tract microgliosis, astrogliosis, and axonal degeneration as well as visual deficit caused by injury in WT but not in GPR110 KO mice. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that ligand-induced activation of the GPR110/cAMP system upregulated after injury ameliorates the long-term optic tract histopathology and visual impairment caused by rCHIMERA. Based on the anti-inflammatory nature of GPR110 activation, we suggest that GPR110 ligands may have therapeutic potential for chronic visual dysfunction associated with mTBI.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Visuospatial Attention to Unseen Stimuli in Hemianopic Patients. A Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanchez-Lopez ◽  
Silvia Savazzi ◽  
Caterina Annalaura Pedersini ◽  
Nicolò Cardobi ◽  
Carlo Alberto Marzi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Visual Evoked

scholarly journals Concurrence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ben Abdelghani Kaouther ◽  
Souabni Leila ◽  
Belhadj Salwa ◽  
Zakraoui Leith
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

We report a 21-year-old female patient known to have Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who later developed multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease was documented on the brain and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the visual evoked potential. Our case emphasizes the need to evaluate the symptoms and brain MRI carefully. The concurrence of MS and JIA is uncommon. The possible relationship between the 2 diseases was discussed.

A steady-state visual evoked potential approach to individual face perception: Effect of inversion, contrast-reversal and temporal dynamics

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1585-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rossion ◽  
Esther Alonso Prieto ◽  
Adriano Boremanse ◽  
Dana Kuefner ◽  
Goedele Van Belle
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Visual Evoked

scholarly journals A Dry Electrode Cap and Its Application in a Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain–Computer Interface

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoting Wu ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
Lu Jiang ◽  
Xiaoshan Huang ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

The wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) dry electrode acquisition system has shown great application prospects in mental state monitoring, the brain–computer interface (BCI), and other fields due to advantages such as being small in volume, light weight, and a ready-to-use facility. This study demonstrates a novel EEG cap with concise structure, easy adjustment size, as well as independently adjustable electrodes. The cap can be rapidly worn and adjusted in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The dry electrodes on it can be adjusted independently to fit the scalp as quickly as possible. The accuracy of the BCI test employing this device is higher than when employing a headband. The proposed EEG cap makes adjustment easier and the contact impedance of the dry electrodes more uniform.

scholarly journals The steady-state visual evoked potential reveals neural correlates of the items encoded into visual working memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight J. Peterson ◽  
Gennadiy Gurariy ◽  
Gabriella G. Dimotsantos ◽  
Hector Arciniega ◽  
Marian E. Berryhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Visual Evoked

Early Criteria for the Diagnosis of Optic Neuritis in the Setting of Davic’s Disease

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Kh. M. Kamilov ◽  
M. S. Kasimova ◽  
G. Kh. Khamraeva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Test

Background. Optic neuritis is the first symptom of Davic’s disease in more than half of cases. Differential diagnosis of optic neuritis in the clinical practice is complicated due to the uniformity of the clinical pattern of inflammatory and demyelinating optic neuritis in the early stages of the disease. The approach to the management of patients with Davic’s disease is varied and requires a precise differentiation at the initial stages of its development.Purpose. To determine early objective criteria for diagnosing the optic neuritis in the setting of Davic’s disease.Materials and methods. We observed 31 patients (51 eyes), while the control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals (12 eyes). Research methods were both standard ophthalmic and specialized – optical coherence tomography, visual evoked potential test, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord.Results. In patients with optic neuritis in the setting of Davic’s disease, optical coherence tomography revealed a smaller area of the optic nerve disc and neuroretinal belt as well as a decrease in macular volume and macular thickness. A reduction of the retinal ganglion cell complex and the inner plexiform layer was also revealed.Conclusion. At the initial stages of Davic’s disease, it is necessary to conduct optical coherence tomography of the retina, perform visual evoked potential test as well as magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord. Appropriate treatment at an early stage of the disease can reduce the rates of axonal degeneration and optic disc atrophy development.

The sequential processing of visual motion in the human electroretinogram and visual evoked potential

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS KORTH ◽  
RAINER RIX ◽  
OTTO SEMBRITZKI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Moving Pattern ◽  
Visual Evoked

Mechanisms of motion vision in the human have been studied extensively by psychophysical methods but less frequently by electrophysiological techniques. It is the purpose of the present investigation to study electrical potentials of the eye (electroretinogram, ERG) and of the brain (visual evoked potential, VEP) in response to moving regular square-wave stripe patterns spanning a wide range of contrasts, spatial frequencies, and speeds. The results show that ERG amplitudes increase linearly with contrast while VEPs, in agreement with the literature, show an amplitude saturation at low contrast. Furthermore, retinal responses oscillate with the fundamental temporal stimulus frequency of the moving pattern while brain responses do not. In both the retina and the brain, the response amplitudes are tuned to certain speeds which is in agreement with the nonlinear correlation-type motion detector. Along the ascending slopes (which means increasing amplitudes) of the tuning functions, the ERG curves overlap at all spatial frequencies if plotted as a function of temporal stimulation frequency. The ascending slopes of the tuning functions of the VEP overlap if plotted as a function of speed. The descending slopes (which means decreasing amplitudes) of the tuning functions show little (ERG) or no (VEP) overlap and the waveforms at high speeds approach pattern-offset-onset responses. These observations suggest that in the retina motion processing along the ascending slopes of the tuning curves takes place by coding the temporal stimulation frequency which depends on the spatial frequency of the moving pattern. In the brain, however, motion processing is by speed independent of spatial frequency. Simple calculations show that the VEP information is decoded from the ERG signal into a speed signal.

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