Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome composition associated with vitamin D supplementation in Taiwanese infants

AbstractEarly childhood is a critical stage for the foundation and development of the gut microbiome, large amounts of essential nutrients are required such as vitamin D. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis, and deficiency can impair bone mineralization. In addition, most people know that breastfeeding is advocated to be the best thing for a newborn; however, exclusively breastfeeding infants are not easily able to absorb an adequate amount of vitamin D from breast milk. Understanding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on gut microbiome can improve the knowledge of infant health and development. A total of 62 fecal sample from healthy infants were collected in Taiwan. Of the 62 infants, 31 were exclusively breastfed infants and 31 were mixed- or formula-fed infants. For each feeding type, one subgroup of infants received 400 IU of vitamin D per day, and the remaining infants received a placebo. In total, there are 15 breastfed and 20 formula-fed infants with additional vitamin D supplementation, and 16 breastfed and 11 formula-fed infants belong to control group, respectively. We performed a comparative metagenomic analysis to investigate the distribution and diversity of infant gut microbiota among different types of feeding regimes with and without vitamin D supplementation. Our results reveal that the characteristics of infant gut microbiota not only depend on the feeding types but also on nutrients intake, and demonstrated that the vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the infant gut microbiota, especially increase the proportion of probiotics in breast-fed infants.

Download Full-text

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota with Increased Trimethylamine N-oxide Level in Patients with Large Artery Atherosclerotic and Cardioembolic Strokes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20073/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dong-Juan Xu ◽

Kai Cheng Wang ◽

Lin-Bo Yuan ◽

Qiong-Qiong Lin ◽

Hong-Fei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Artery ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Plaque Area ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

And Function ◽

Dietary Choline ◽

Asymptomatic Control

Abstract Background — With the establishment of the concept of the gut–brain axis, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Gut bacteria can transform dietary choline, L-carnitine, and trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine, which can be oxidized into TMAO again in the liver and participate in atherogenesis. However, only few studies have described alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function in cardioembolic (CE) and large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) strokes. Methods and Results — A case–control study was performed on patients with LAA and CE strokes. TMAO was determined via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Gut microbiome was profiled through Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4–V5 regions). The TMAO levels in the plasma of patients with LAA and CE strokes were significantly increased (TMAO: LAA stroke, 2931±456.4 ng/mL vs. CE stroke, 4220±577.6 ng/mL vs. control, 1663±117.8 ng/mL; P < 0.05). The TMAO level in patients with LAA stroke was positively correlated with the carotid plaque area (rho = 0.333, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.55, and P = 0.0093). The composition and function of gut microbiomes in the LAA and CE stroke groups were significantly different from those of the asymptomatic control. In addition to the significantly increased α and β diversities, the gut microbiome composition and function showed that the LAA group had more microorganisms than the asymptomatic control group; such microorganisms convert dietary source choline, TMAO to TMA. Parabacteroides and Streptococcus exhibited the strongest association with LAA and CE strokes. Conclusions — This study established the compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiomes in patients with LAA and CE strokes and the relationship between plasma TMAO and gut microbiota. The findings suggest the potential of using gut microbiota as a biomarker for patients with LAA and CE strokes.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D status in full-term exclusively breastfed infants versus full-term breastfed infants receiving vitamin D supplementation in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02849-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chayatat Ruangkit ◽

Sukrit Suwannachat ◽

Pornchanok Wantanakorn ◽

Napapailin Sethaphanich ◽

Surapat Assawawiroonhakarn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Full Term ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Breastfed Infants

Abstract Background Many international medical organizations recommend vitamin D supplementation for infants, especially exclusively breastfed infants. In Thailand, however, data regarding the vitamin D status in Thai infants are lacking. Such data would help to support physician decisions and guide medical practice. Methods Full-term, exclusively breastfed infants were randomized into two groups at 2 months of age to continue exclusive breastfeeding either without vitamin D supplementation (control group, n = 44) or with vitamin D3 supplementation at 400 IU/day (intervention group, n = 43) until 6 months of age. At 6 months, the serum vitamin D (25OHD) of the infants and their mothers, serum bone marker, and infants’ growth parameters were compared between the two groups. Results The infants’ serum 25OHD concentration was lower in the control group than intervention group (20.57 ± 12.66 vs. 46.01 ± 16.42 ng/mL, p < 0.01). More infants had vitamin D sufficiency (25OHD of > 20 ng/mL) in the intervention group than control group (93.0% vs. 43.2%, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the maternal 25OHD concentrations between the control and intervention groups (25.08 ± 7.75 vs. 23.75 ± 7.64 ng/mL, p = 0.42). Serum calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and infants’ growth parameters were comparable between the two groups. After adjustment for the confounding factors, 25OHD concentration in the intervention group was 25.66 ng/mL higher than the control group (95% confidence interval, 19.07–32.25; p < 0.001). Vitamin D supplement contributed to an 88.7% decrease in the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (relative risk, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.35; p < 0.01). Conclusions Most full-term, exclusively breastfed Thai infants have serum vitamin D concentration below sufficiency level at 6 months of age. However, vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) improves their vitamin D status and prevents vitamin D deficiency. Trial registration The study was pre-registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20190622001) on 22/06/2019.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D Status in Full-term Exclusively Breastfed Infants versus Full-term Breastfed Infants Receiving Vitamin D Supplementation in Thailand: A Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-332758/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chayatat Ruangkit ◽

Sukrit Suwannachat ◽

Pornchanok Wantanakorn ◽

Napapailin Sethaphanich ◽

Surapat Assawawiroonhakarn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Full Term ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

25Ohd Concentration

Abstract Background: Many international medical organizations recommend vitamin D supplementation for infants, especially exclusively breastfed infants. In Thailand, however, data regarding the vitamin D status in Thai infants are lacking. Such data would help to support physician decisions and guide medical practice. Methods: Full-term, exclusively breastfed infants were randomized into two groups at 2 months of age to continue exclusive breastfeeding either without vitamin D supplementation (control group, n = 44) or with vitamin D3 supplementation at 400 IU/day (intervention group, n = 43) until 6 months of age. At 6 months, the serum vitamin D (25OHD) of the infants and their mothers, serum bone marker, and infants' growth parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: The infants' serum 25OHD concentration was lower in the control group than intervention group (20.57 ± 12.66 vs. 46.01 ± 16.42 ng/mL, p < 0.01). More infants had vitamin D sufficiency (25OHD of >20 ng/mL) in the intervention group than control group (93.0% vs. 43.2%, p < 0.01). Vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants increased the mean serum 25OHD concentration by 25.66 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 19.07–32.25; p < 0.001) and contributed to an 88.7% decrease in the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (relative risk, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.35; p < 0.01).Conclusions: Most full-term, exclusively breastfed Thai infants have serum vitamin D concentration below sufficiency level at 6 months of age. However, vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) improves their vitamin D status and prevents vitamin D deficiency.Trial registration: The study was pre-registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20190622001) on 22/06/2019.

Download Full-text

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota with Increased Trimethylamine N-oxide Level in Patients with Large Artery Atherosclerotic and Cardioembolic Strokes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22813/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dong-Juan Xu ◽

Kaicheng Wang ◽

Lin-Bo Yuan ◽

Qiong-Qiong Lin ◽

Hong-Fei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Artery ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Plaque Area ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

And Function ◽

Dietary Choline ◽

Asymptomatic Control

Abstract Background — With the establishment of the concept of the gut–brain axis, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Gut bacteria can transform dietary choline, L-carnitine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine, which can be oxidized into TMAO again in the liver and participate in atherogenesis. However, only few studies have described alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function in cardioembolic (CE) and large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) strokes.Methods and Results — A case–control study was performed on patients with LAA and CE strokes. TMAO was determined via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Gut microbiome was profiled through Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4–V5 regions). The TMAO levels in the plasma of patients with LAA and CE strokes were significantly increased (TMAO: LAA stroke, 2931±456.4 ng/mL vs. CE stroke, 4220±577.6 ng/mL vs. control, 1663±117.8 ng/mL; P < 0.05). The TMAO level in patients with LAA stroke was positively correlated with the carotid plaque area (rho = 0.333, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.55, and P = 0.0093). The composition and function of gut microbiomes in the LAA and CE stroke groups were significantly different from those of the asymptomatic control. In addition to the significantly increased α and β diversities, the gut microbiome composition and function showed that the LAA group had more microorganisms than the asymptomatic control group; such microorganisms convert dietary source choline, TMAO to TMA. Parabacteroides and Streptococcus exhibited the strongest association with LAA and CE strokes.Conclusions — This study established the compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiomes in patients with LAA and CE strokes and the relationship between plasma TMAO and gut microbiota. The findings suggest the potential of using gut microbiota as a biomarker for patients with LAA and CE strokes.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D Supplementation in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Is Associated with Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010202 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Tengfei Ma ◽

Sihan Bu ◽

Nigel Paneth ◽

Jean M. Kerver ◽

Sarah S. Comstock

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

P Value ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Breastfeeding and introduction of solid food are the two major components of infant feeding practices that influence gut microbiota composition in early infancy. However, it is unclear whether additional factors influence the microbiota of infants either exclusively breastfed or not breastfed. We obtained 194 fecal samples from infants at 3–9 months of age, extracted DNA, and sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Feeding practices and clinical information were collected by questionnaire and abstraction of birth certificates. The gut microbiota of infants who were exclusively breastfed displayed significantly lower Shannon diversity (p-adjust < 0.001) and different gut microbiota composition compared to infants who were not breastfed (p-value = 0.001). Among the exclusively breastfed infants, recipients of vitamin D supplements displayed significantly lower Shannon diversity (p-adjust = 0.007), and different gut microbiota composition structure than non-supplemented, breastfed infants (p-value = 0.02). MaAslin analysis identified microbial taxa that associated with breastfeeding and vitamin D supplementation. Breastfeeding and infant vitamin D supplement intake play an important role in shaping infant gut microbiota.

Download Full-text

The Association between Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3378

Author(s):

Federica Bellerba ◽

Valeria Muzio ◽

Patrizia Gnagnarella ◽

Federica Facciotti ◽

Susanna Chiocca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Future Research ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Microbiome Composition

Recent evidence has shown a number of extra-skeletal functions of Vitamin D (VD), primarily involving the immune system. One of these functions is mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota, whose alterations are linked to many diseases. Our purpose is to contribute to the understanding of existing evidence on the association between VD and gastrointestinal microbiota alterations. A systematic review of studies with human subjects has been conducted up to January 2021. We included publications reporting the association between gut microbiota and VD, including VD supplementation, dietary VD intake and/or level of 25(OH)D. We identified 25 studies: 14 were interventional and 11, observational. VD supplementation was found to be associated with a significant change in microbiome composition, in particular of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. Furthermore, Firmicutes were found to be correlated with serum VD. Concerning alpha and beta diversity, a high nutritional intake of VD seems to induce a shift in bacterial composition and/or affects the species’ richness. Veillonellaceae and Oscillospiraceae families, in the Firmicutes phylum, more frequently decreased with both increasing levels of 25(OH)D and vitamin D supplementation. We found evidence of an association, even though the studies are substantially heterogeneous and have some limitations, resulting sometimes in conflicting results. To further understand the role of VD on the modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota, future research should be geared toward well-designed animal-based studies or larger randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Download Full-text

Metagenomic analysis reveals the signature of gut microbiota associated with human chronotypes

10.1101/2021.03.16.435653 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shaqed Carasso ◽

Bettina Fishman ◽

Liel Stelmach Lask ◽

Tamar Shochat ◽

Naama Geva-Zatorsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Precision Medicine ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Diurnal Activity ◽

Microbiome Composition

Patterns of diurnal activity differ substantially between individuals, with early risers and late sleepers being examples of extreme chronotypes. Growing evidence suggests that the late chronotype significantly impacts the risk of developing mood disorders, obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Despite the vast potential of utilizing chronotype information for precision medicine, the factors that shape chronotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed whether chronotypes are associated with different gut microbiome composition. Using metagenomic sequencing, we established a distinct signature associated with chronotype that involves two bacterial genera Alistipes (elevated in "larks") and Lachnospira (elevated in "owls). We have identified four metabolic pathways (e.g. gluconegonesis) that were associated with early chronotype.

Download Full-text

Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1280

Author(s):

Jan Mieszkowski ◽

Andżelika Borkowska ◽

Błażej Stankiewicz ◽

Andrzej Kochanowicz ◽

Bartłomiej Niespodziński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Oncostatin M ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Double Blind ◽

Single High Dose ◽

High Dose Vitamin

Purpose: A growing number of studies indicate the importance of vitamin D supplementation for sports performance. However, the effects of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on ultramarathon-induced inflammation have not been investigated. We here analyzed the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on the inflammatory marker levels in ultramarathon runners after an ultramarathon run (maximal run 240 km). Methods: In the study, 35 runners (amateurs) were assigned into two groups: single high-dose vitamin D supplementation group, administered vitamin D (150,000 IU) in vegetable oil 24 h before the start of the run (n = 16); and placebo group (n = 19). Blood was collected for analysis 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly increased after the ultramarathon in both groups. The increase was greater in the vitamin D group than in the control group. Based on post-hoc and other analyses, the increase in interleukin 6 and 10, and resistin levels immediately after the run was significantly higher in runners in the control group than that in those in the supplementation group. Leptin, oncostatin M, and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor levels were significantly decreased in both groups after the run, regardless of the supplementation. Conclusions: Ultramarathon significantly increases the serum 25(OH)D levels. Attenuation of changes in interleukin levels upon vitamin D supplementation confirmed that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effect on exercise-induced inflammation.

Download Full-text

Interaction between Host MicroRNAs and the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00205-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Ce Yuan ◽

Michael B. Burns ◽

Subbaya Subramanian ◽

Ran Blekhman

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Host Cells ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Small Noncoding Rna

ABSTRACT Although variation in gut microbiome composition has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC), the factors that mediate the interactions between CRC tumors and the microbiome are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate CRC progression and are associated with patient survival outcomes. In addition, recent studies suggested that host miRNAs can also regulate bacterial growth and influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we investigated the association between miRNA expression and microbiome composition in human CRC tumor and normal tissues. We identified 76 miRNAs as differentially expressed (DE) in tissue from CRC tumors and normal tissue, including the known oncogenic miRNAs miR-182, miR-503, and mir-17~92 cluster. These DE miRNAs were correlated with the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa, including Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Proteobacteria . Bacteria correlated with DE miRNAs were enriched with distinct predicted metabolic categories. Additionally, we found that miRNAs that correlated with CRC-associated bacteria are predicted to regulate targets that are relevant for host-microbiome interactions and highlight a possible role for miRNA-driven glycan production in the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa. Our work characterized a global relationship between microbial community composition and miRNA expression in human CRC tissues. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have found an association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota. One potential mechanism by which the microbiota can influence host physiology is through affecting gene expression in host cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression and have important roles in cancer development. Here, we investigated the link between the gut microbiota and the expression of miRNA in CRC. We found that dozens of miRNAs are differentially regulated in CRC tumors and adjacent normal colon and that these miRNAs are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that microbes that have been previously associated with CRC are correlated with miRNAs that regulate genes related to interactions with microbes. Notably, these miRNAs likely regulate glycan production, which is important for the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa to the tumor. This work provides a first systems-level map of the association between microbes and host miRNAs in the context of CRC and provides targets for further experimental validation and potential interventions.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D Supplementation Modestly Reduces Serum Iron Indices of Healthy Arab Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10121870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1870 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohammad Masoud ◽

Majed Alokail ◽

Sobhy Yakout ◽

Malak Khattak ◽

Marwan AlRehaili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Status ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Intervention ◽

King Saud University ◽

Deficiency Type

Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to affect iron status via decreased calcitriol production, translating to decreased erythropoiesis. The present study aimed to determine for the first time whether vitamin D supplementation can affect iron levels among Arab adolescents. A total of 125 out of the initial 200 Saudi adolescents with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) were selected from the Vitamin D-School Project of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cluster randomization was done in schools, and students received either vitamin D tablets (1000 IU/day) (N = 53, mean age 14.1 ± 1.0 years) or vitamin D-fortified milk (40IU/200mL) (N = 72, mean age 14.8 ± 1.4 years). Both groups received nutritional counseling. Anthropometrics, glucose, lipids, iron indices, and 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and after six months. Within group analysis showed that post-intervention, serum 25(OH)D significantly increased by as much as 50%, and a parallel decrease of −42% (p-values <0.001 and 0.002, respectively) was observed in serum iron in the tablet group. These changes were not observed in the control group. Between-group analysis showed a clinically significant increase in serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.001) and decrease in iron (p < 0.001) in the tablet group. The present findings suggest a possible inhibitory role of vitamin D supplementation in the iron indices of healthy adolescents whose 25(OH)D levels are sub-optimal but not severely deficient, implying that the causal relationship between both micronutrients may be dependent on the severity of deficiency, type of iron disorder, and other vascular conditions that are known to affect hematologic indices. Well-designed, randomized trials are needed to confirm the present findings.

Download Full-text