scholarly journals Auditory beat perception is related to speech output fluency in post-stroke aphasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Stefaniak ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph ◽  
Blanca De Dios Perez ◽  
Timothy D. Griffiths ◽  
Manon Grube
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Metrical Pattern

AbstractAphasia affects at least one third of stroke survivors, and there is increasing awareness that more fundamental deficits in auditory processing might contribute to impaired language performance in such individuals. We performed a comprehensive battery of psychoacoustic tasks assessing the perception of tone pairs and sequences across the domains of pitch, rhythm and timbre in 17 individuals with post-stroke aphasia and 17 controls. At the level of individual differences we demonstrated a correlation between metrical pattern (beat) perception and speech output fluency with strong effect (Spearman’s rho = 0.72). This dissociated from more basic auditory timing perception, which did not correlate with output fluency. This was also specific in terms of the language and cognitive measures, amongst which phonological, semantic and executive function did not correlate with beat detection. We interpret the data in terms of a requirement for the analysis of the metrical structure of sound to construct fluent output, with both being a function of higher-order “temporal scaffolding”. The beat perception task herein allows measurement of timing analysis without any need to account for motor output deficit, and could be a potential clinical tool to examine this. This work suggests strategies to improve fluency after stroke by training in metrical pattern perception.

scholarly journals Auditory beat perception is related to speech output fluency in post-stroke aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Stefaniak ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph ◽  
Blanca De Dios Perez ◽  
Timothy D. Griffiths ◽  
Manon Grube
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metrical Pattern

AbstractAphasia affects at least one third of stroke survivors, and there is increasing awareness that more fundamental deficits in auditory processing might contribute to impaired language performance in such individuals. We performed a comprehensive battery of psychoacoustic tasks assessing the perception of tone pairs and sequences across the domains of pitch, rhythm and timbre in 17 individuals with post-stroke aphasia and 17 controls. At the group level, we showed a significant difference in auditory perception in only one test (Dynamic Modulation detection). At the level of individual differences we demonstrated a correlation between metrical pattern (beat) perception and speech output fluency with strong effect (Spearman’s rho = 0.72). This was specific in terms of the auditory tests and dissociated from more basic auditory timing perception, which did not correlate with output fluency. This was also specific in terms of the language and cognitive measures, amongst which phonological, semantic and executive function did not correlate with beat detection. We interpret the data in terms of a requirement for the analysis of the metrical structure of sound to construct fluent output, with both being a function of higher-order “temporal scaffolding”. The beat perception task herein allows measurement of timing analysis without any need to account for motor output deficit, and could be a potential clinical tool to examine this. This work suggests strategies to improve fluency after stroke by training in metrical pattern perception.

Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale as a clinical tool in measurements of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari ◽  
Soofia Naghdi ◽  
Scott Hasson ◽  
Atefeh Mousakhani ◽  
Azam Nouriyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Modified Ashworth Scale ◽  
Ashworth Scale

scholarly journals Assessing auditory processing endophenotypes associated with Schizophrenia in individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
John J. Foxe ◽  
Douwe J. Horsthuis ◽  
Danielle DeMaio ◽  
Sophie Molholm
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Adaptation Effects

AbstractBackground22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the strongest known molecular risk factor for schizophrenia. Brain responses to auditory stimuli have been studied extensively in schizophrenia and described as potential biomarkers of vulnerability to psychosis. We sought to understand whether these responses might aid in differentiating individuals with 22q11.2DS as a function of psychotic symptoms, and ultimately serve as signals of risk for schizophrenia.MethodsA duration oddball paradigm and high-density electrophysiology were used to test auditory processing in 26 individuals with 22q11.2DS (13-35 years old, 17 females) with varying degrees of psychotic symptomatology and in 26 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NT). Presentation rate varied across three levels, to examine the effect of increasing demands on memory and the integrity of sensory adaptation. We tested whether N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN), typically reduced in schizophrenia, related to clinical/cognitive measures, and how they were affected by presentation rate.ResultsN1 adaptation effects interacted with psychotic symptomatology: Compared to an NT group, individuals with 22q11.2DS but no psychotic symptomatology presented larger adaptation effects, whereas those with psychotic symptomatology presented smaller effects. In contrast, individuals with 22q11.2DS showed increased effects of presentation rate on MMN amplitude, regardless of the presence of symptoms. While IQ and working memory were lower in the 22q11.2DS group, these measures did not correlate with the electrophysiological data.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the presence of two distinct mechanisms: One intrinsic to 22q11.2DS resulting in increased N1 and MMN responses; another related to psychosis leading to a decreased N1 response.

Improved language performance subsequent to low-frequency rTMS in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia post-stroke

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. S. Barwood ◽  
B. E. Murdoch ◽  
B.-M. Whelan ◽  
D. Lloyd ◽  
S. Riek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Central Auditory Tests and Neurocognitive Domains in Adults Living With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Niemczak ◽  
Jonathan D. Lichtenstein ◽  
Albert Magohe ◽  
Jennifer T. Amato ◽  
Abigail M. Fellows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Tests requiring central auditory processing, such as speech perception-in-noise, are simple, time efficient, and correlate with cognitive processing. These tests may be useful for tracking brain function. Doing this effectively requires information on which tests correlate with overall cognitive function and specific cognitive domains. This study evaluated the relationship between selected central auditory focused tests and cognitive domains in a cohort of normal hearing adults living with HIV and HIV– controls. The long-term aim is determining the relationships between auditory processing and neurocognitive domains and applying this to analyzing cognitive function in HIV and other neurocognitive disorders longitudinally.Method: Subjects were recruited from an ongoing study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Central auditory measures included the Gap Detection Test (Gap), Hearing in Noise Test (HINT), and Triple Digit Test (TDT). Cognitive measures included variables from the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Cogstate neurocognitive battery, and Kiswahili Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The measures represented three cognitive domains: processing speed, learning, and working memory. Bootstrap resampling was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the proportion of variance explained by the individual central auditory tests for each cognitive measure. The association of cognitive measures with central auditory variables taking HIV status and age into account was determined using regression models.Results: Hearing in Noise Tests and TDT were significantly associated with Cogstate learning and working memory tests. Gap was not significantly associated with any cognitive measure with age in the model. TDT explained the largest mean proportion of variance and had the strongest relationship to the MoCA and Cogstate tasks. With age in the model, HIV status did not affect the relationship between central auditory tests and cognitive measures. Age was strongly associated with multiple cognitive tests.Conclusion: Central auditory tests were associated with measures of learning and working memory. Compared to the other central auditory tests, TDT was most strongly related to cognitive function. These findings expand on the association between auditory processing and cognitive domains seen in other studies and support evaluating these tests for tracking brain health in HIV and other neurocognitive disorders.

scholarly journals Theory and Practice of Long-form Non-isochronous Meters: The Case of the North Indian rūpak tāl

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Metrical Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Metrical Pattern ◽  
Long Form

This paper addresses important issues in the theory of meter by means of a detailed study of a particular form of non-isochronous (NI) meter, the North Indian rūpak tāl. Rūpak tāl is described as comprising 7 equal mātrās (time units), organized into three groups (3+2+2 mātrās), and is therefore non-isochronous at the group rather than the beat or subdivision level. The term “long-form non-isochronous meter” is introduced to describe the phenomenon of metrical structures including a non-isochronous pulse level with IOIs >1000ms, of which this is an example. This phenomenon is explored with the aid of empirical analysis of a corpus of recordings of rūpak tāl performances, focusing particularly on vocal performances in khyāl style. This empirical data is considered in light of extant literature on Indian metrical organization, on ethnomusicological theories of aksak, on psychological theories of rhythm perception in NI-meters, and on metrical theory more broadly. The implications for a general theory of musical meter are then considered, leading to an argument that (a) while theorization is not a necessary condition of metrical perception, a recognized metrical pattern must be treated not only as a form of perception based on the entrainment of attention (London 2012), but as a form of culturally-shared knowledge contributing to top-down processing of meter; and (b) the theorization and representation of aspects of metrical structure means that metrical cycles are not limited to the extent of the psychological present.

A Search for Tonal Pattern Perception in Cebus Monkeys: Why Monkeys Can't Hum a Tune

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. D'Amato
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Discriminative Behavior ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Cebus Monkeys ◽  
Species Specific

This article reviews a series of experiments aimed at assessing the capacity of cebus monkeys and rats for tonal pattern perception (sensitivity to frequency contour). The animals' ability to differentiate between two tunes (structured sequences of tones) that shared several component notes and were similar in their average frequency suggested tonal pattern perception in both species. Detailed analysis of the basis of their discriminative behavior revealed, however, that the latter was completely controlled by local cues. Additional studies confirmed this finding and showed that the cognitive limitation was not, in the case of the monkeys, due to a generally impoverished capacity for processing acoustic stimuli or to an unduly truncated auditory short- term store. Many species of songbirds also seem remarkably deficient in their ability to perceive the tonal patterns of non-species-specific acoustic stimuli, which may be widespread among animals. Some implications of this striking difference in the auditory processing capacities of animals and humans are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of the Right Hemisphere White Matter Tracts in Chronic Aphasic Patients After Damage of the Language Tracts in the Left Hemisphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Kourtidou ◽  
Dimitrios Kasselimis ◽  
Georgia Angelopoulou ◽  
Efstratios Karavasilis ◽  
Georgios Velonakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Right

The involvement of the right hemisphere (RH) in language, and especially after aphasia resulting from left hemisphere (LH) lesions, has been recently highlighted. The present study investigates white matter structure in the right hemisphere of 25 chronic post-stroke aphasic patients after LH lesions in comparison with 24 healthy controls, focusing on the four cortico-cortical tracts that link posterior parietal and temporal language-related areas with Broca’s region in the inferior frontal gyrus of the LH: the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculi II and III (SLF II and SLF III), the Arcuate Fasciculus (AF), and the Temporo-Frontal extreme capsule Fasciculus (TFexcF). Additionally, the relationship of these RH white matter tracts to language performance was examined. The patients with post-stroke aphasia in the chronic phase and the healthy control participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examination. The aphasic patients were assessed with standard aphasia tests. The results demonstrated increased axial diffusivity in the RH tracts of the aphasic patients. Patients were then divided according to the extent of the left hemisphere white matter loss. Correlations of language performance with radial diffusivity (RD) in the right hemisphere homologs of the tracts examined were demonstrated for the TFexcF, SLF III, and AF in the subgroup with limited damage to the LH language networks and only with the TFexcF in the subgroup with extensive damage. The results argue in favor of compensatory roles of the right hemisphere tracts in language functions when the LH networks are disrupted.

scholarly journals A "Core Skills" Approach to the Assessment of Acquired Language Disorders: Exploration and Cross-Validation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Victoria Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Core

<p>The majority of diagnostic assessments of aphasia—an acquired language disorder that commonly occurs after stroke or brain injury—are based upon the classical model of language. A major limitation of these diagnostic assessments is that they are based upon a very simple neuroanatomical model of language function. In the decades since the classical model, cognitive theories of language function have developed considerably, which provides a much richer framework for the assessment of acquired language disorders. On the basis of this framework, Faulkner, Wilshire, Parker, and Cunningham (2015) developed the Brief Language Assessment for Surgical Tumours (BLAST) for the assessment of language function in brain tumour patients, based upon the notion that language can be decomposed into core cognitive skills. In the current thesis, we evaluate the efficacy of the BLAST in individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia, cross-validate the core cognitive skills identified by the BLAST with independent measures argued to index the same theoretical construct, and evaluate whether an individual’s linguistic profile on the BLAST is predictive of performance on a more naturalistic sentence production task. The results from the current research can be divided into three primary findings. First, we found that the BLAST could be administered to individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and that the linguistic profiles provided by the BLAST extend far beyond the predictions derived from neural localization and classical diagnostic assessments. Second, we found support for the validity of five of the core cognitive skills. Third, we found some support for the notion that performance on the BLAST may be predictive of performance on a more naturalistic sentence production task. In short, the current findings suggest that the BLAST holds potential as a clinical tool for the assessment of language function in a range of different neurological populations.</p>

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