scholarly journals Theory and Practice of Long-form Non-isochronous Meters: The Case of the North Indian rūpak tāl

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Metrical Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Metrical Pattern ◽  
Long Form

This paper addresses important issues in the theory of meter by means of a detailed study of a particular form of non-isochronous (NI) meter, the North Indian rūpak tāl. Rūpak tāl is described as comprising 7 equal mātrās (time units), organized into three groups (3+2+2 mātrās), and is therefore non-isochronous at the group rather than the beat or subdivision level. The term “long-form non-isochronous meter” is introduced to describe the phenomenon of metrical structures including a non-isochronous pulse level with IOIs >1000ms, of which this is an example. This phenomenon is explored with the aid of empirical analysis of a corpus of recordings of rūpak tāl performances, focusing particularly on vocal performances in khyāl style. This empirical data is considered in light of extant literature on Indian metrical organization, on ethnomusicological theories of aksak, on psychological theories of rhythm perception in NI-meters, and on metrical theory more broadly. The implications for a general theory of musical meter are then considered, leading to an argument that (a) while theorization is not a necessary condition of metrical perception, a recognized metrical pattern must be treated not only as a form of perception based on the entrainment of attention (London 2012), but as a form of culturally-shared knowledge contributing to top-down processing of meter; and (b) the theorization and representation of aspects of metrical structure means that metrical cycles are not limited to the extent of the psychological present.

scholarly journals From Multiple Streams to Muddling Through: Policy Process Theories and “Field of Vision”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Linda J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Relevant Factors

AbstractContemporary policy process theories are used to explain important aspects of the policy process, including the emergence or change of policies over time. However, these theories vary notably in their composition, such as their scope of analytical space, key concepts and assumptions, models of individual decision-making, and relationships between process-relevant factors and actors. There is little guidance on which theory may be best suited for explaining particular policy outcomes or how the different elements of the theories influence their analytical power. To begin to address this gap in the literature, a comparative analysis applied four established policy process theories to explain the emergence of the same policy outcome, a set of environmental policies associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement, while varying the analytical space or “field of vision” spatially and temporally. Overall, each theory demonstrated strong explanatory power but within analytical spaces of different scales, which indicates that the dimensionality aspects aspects the analytical space of policy process theories may contribute to a convergence in shared knowledge.

scholarly journals Spirit-possession in theory and practice: séances with Tibetan spirit-mediums in Nepal

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Per-Arne Berglie
Keyword(s):  
Spirit Possession ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Tibetan Refugee

This paper describes a short study of the séances and trance-performances of three Tibetan spirit-mediums (dpa' bo) from a refugee-community in Nepal. The field-work on which this study is based was carried out in a Tibetan refugee-village in Nepal during 1970 and 1971. For each dpa' bo:  dBang phyug, Sri gcod, and Nyi ma don grub, a summary of personal thoughts and beliefs concerning possession is provided, followed by an example of how a séance was structured. A common feature is that when all the gods summoned have arrived, possession took place by the god most suited to carry out the task of the evening. The actual change of the ritual status of the spirit-medium is marked by the putting on of the headdress. From now on, until it falls off at the end of the séance, it is the god who speaks and acts through the medium, who afterwards claims that he has no recollection whatsoever of what then passes. A necessary condition for the activity of a spirit-medium is, of course, the conviction that their possession is genuine. Theoretically, when a dpa' bo has passed the period of calling and has been tested and has received the necessary training, this genuineness is proved. Of an established dpa' bo no further proofs are therefore required in addition to the satisfactory solution of the problems put to him at the séances. If, after all, someone has doubts about a dpa' bo, he can call a lama.

The Northwest Coast

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie H. Tepper
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The North

The distinctive culture of the Indigenous populations on the Northwest Coast (NWC) and their colonial history—from European contact in the 17th century to contemporary issues of land claims and reconciliation—have helped to frame many of the themes and models of ethnographic theory and practice, particularly in American anthropology. The NWC is often defined as the geographic area stretching from Alaska to California. For the purposes of this bibliography, the study area is limited to what is sometimes called the “North Pacific Coast,” which begins at the southern border of Alaska, continues down the coastline of British Columbia (BC), and ends in northern Washington State. Its rocky coastline is broken up by deep fjords and offshore islands, including Vancouver Island in the south and Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands) in the north. Several major river systems provide access to the BC interior through the mountainous Cascade Range. Though local resources vary along the coast, almost all the Indigenous groups followed a similar seasonal cycle of fishing, hunting, and gathering from spring to fall. The winter months were dedicated to the manufacture of material culture, social feasting, and ceremonial gatherings. Large oceangoing canoes and smaller river crafts linked well-established villages into an extensive series of trade routes. Walking trails over the mountains allowed the exchange of seafood and other coastal products for animal skins and goods from interior forests. Warfare brought additional wealth to the victor by means of raiding stored foods and manufactured items. European contact began in the late 18th century with the arrival of Spanish and British explorers. They were followed by English, American, and Russian fur traders. The discovery of gold along the Fraser River in 1858, and later finds in the Cariboo Mountains, brought tens of thousands of American, British, and other immigrants to the area. British sovereignty over the area north of the 49th parallel was quickly reinforced by the Royal Navy and an expanded colonial administration. In 1871 the province of British Columbia joined the Canadian Confederation and NWC Indigenous communities came under the control of the federal Indian Act. This act is still in force.

Pragmatic and historical aspects of Definite Article Reduction in northern English dialects

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rupp ◽  
Hanne Page-Verhoeff
Keyword(s):  
Historical Record ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
Contact Situation

We inquire into Definite Article Reduction (DAR), a phenomenon known to characterize northern English dialects. For this research we collected data from speakers at the North Yorkshire/Lancashire border. While previous studies have largely addressed DAR from a phonological perspective, we examine whether DAR is conditioned by other linguistic factors. The pattern we identify is that speakers show DAR most frequently when they refer to something (i) that is in their immediate environment (situational reference), (ii) that was just mentioned in the conversation (anaphoric reference), or (iii) that is known to the hearer (shared knowledge). We note that these uses correspond to the pragmatic category of “givenness/familiarity”, and may also be associated with the notions “near/close”. We speculate on the emergence of DAR in the North of England, drawing on evidence from the historical record regarding the development of the definite article from the demonstrative paradigm and the contact situation with Scandinavian.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SOVEREIGN DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT FUND (SDIF), BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Cristian PARASCHIV ◽  
◽  
Cosmin TILEAGĂ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
European Projects ◽  
Additional Income

Theoretically and virtually, the investment and development fund projects and their activity prove to be sustainable in the long run, for example in Norway, where the additional income from the exploitation of natural resources in the North Sea is accumulated in an investment and development fund. In this case, it is about a revenue surplus that has been estimated to be accumulated and multiplied. The project to establish a sovereign investment fund in Romania, which is based on an initially subscribed share capital, mainly constituted by contribution in kind, that is from participations held by the Romanian State in certain companies, underlines both theoretically and virtually, major differences compared to the Norwegian model and even to other European projects developed in this area.

scholarly journals Constructive and geographical basis of the viticulture development in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to constructive-geographical research of the bases of viticulture development in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine by conducting microclimatic and phenological observations, disclosing and substantiating their role in practical activities. The constructive and geographical approach has been used for solving the problem of distribution and commercial cultivation of grapes in Ukraine. This approach forms an important basis for the theory and practice of cultivation areas expansion of heat-loving crops, in particular grapes, atypical for the forest-steppe region. The paper reveals features of natural conditions of the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine. Based on years of meteorological and phenological observations the possibility to develop viticulture in these conditions has been proved. Using the long-term observations data of the influence of the agrometeorological conditions on the course of the growing season and quality of grapes produces positive results. For the first time influence of weather types and microclimate characteristics of weather in the forest-steppe region on the individual phases of grapes development have been shown. New approaches have been applied to the study of grapes development phases and distribution of the sum of temperatures for each phase particularly. Ways of science-based weather and climate events forecasting have been improved in grapes cultivation and the importance of this when planning harvests. The author developed a forecast variation, projecting recommendations for the successful development of viticulture in Ukraine. The main results of phenological observations have been summarized; their combination with instrumental made it possible to study the processes of heat transfer during the growing season from early phases in stones development of such plants as apricot and cherry, which are the plants-indicators in the study region. The algorithm for determining yield of grapes in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine has been proposed. Forecast variations, projecting recommendations for the successful development of viticulture as well as general recommendations on cultivating this culture in the region have been developed.

scholarly journals Professional Self-determination of Modern Teenagers: Problems and Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
O.B. Ilyina
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
General Process ◽  
Professional Self

Professional self-determination in adolescence for many years has been one of the hot topics of psychological theory and practice. Research in the field of personal and professional self-determination, career choice, continues to be a priority. Professional self-determination is part of the general process of socialization of adolescents, a necessary condition for their success and competitiveness in today's socio-economic realities. And it raises the question of what should be psychological and educational support in these conditions? Problems of career choice are considered on three sides: in the context of the social situation in which there are modern teenagers; from the perspective of adolescents themselves, choosing the profession; taking into account the peculiarities of psycho-pedagogical support of professional self-determination of teenagers nowadays. Analysis of problems leads us to the possible ways of solving them, and the need to build a new model of career guidance.

scholarly journals High treason. The activity of The Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius in 1930–1935

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
SERGIUSZ ŁUKASIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The City ◽  
Grand Duchy

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explain the activities of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius during the fi rst half of the thirties of the twentieth century. The author’s aim is to show the organisation, theory and practice of this illegal party. Further-more, the intention is to present the activities of Vilnius police towards communist sym-pathizers and activists. Founded in 1923 in Vilnius, the Communist Party of Western Belaruswas a branch of The Communist Party of Poland. This organization like the polish communist party was illegal. Its aim was to combat the Polish state and to perform electioneering for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Although the name of the party could indicate a desire for independence of Belarus, in practice it was for the removal of the north eastern provinces of the Second Republic of Poland to the USSR. CPWB activity had a special dimension in Vilnius. As the region’s largest city and former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnus was home for many nations, religions and cultures. Moreover, Vil-nius was the most important fi eld for communist action. Given the number of inhabitants, industrialized multi-ethnic character, communists had the opportunity to develop wide subversive and conspiratorial work. In addition, the city was the great centre of production and distribution of communist publications, which allowed the spread of propaganda in both its administrative boundaries and in the Vilnius Voivodeship.

Administrative Innovations as Necessary Condition of Competitiveness in Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Khanif Sharifzyanovich Mullakhmetov ◽  
Rosalia Mullamehametovna Aminova ◽  
Ilnara Ilshatovna Filimonchuk
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Management Innovation ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Managerial Flexibility ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Administrative Innovations ◽  
Managerial Innovation

Abstract In the present-day education environment, requiring managerial flexibility in assessing ongoing changes, innovation becomes a prerequisite for effective management, and professional and psychological readiness of managers to apply management innovation – an indicator of managerial potential. Management innovation is today the “bottleneck” of educational management theory and practice. There are no theoretical models that are directly related to managerial innovation; technological innovations take priority in the practice of educational management; incorrect interpretation of innovations blunts their effectiveness. The school's competitive advantage today is not determined primarily by capital accumulation, but by the ability of management to initiate, appreciate and use changes, to learn faster than the rest from the experience of the changes. New theories of growth emphasize that it is the development of innovations that is an engine of sustainable educational growth. These circumstances determine management innovations as the domain that is the most in-demand for the development of education under the conditions of today.

Traditional Even Child Rearing in Nomadic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5186-5196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Dmitrievich Neustroev ◽  
Yuri Alekseevich Sleptsov ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Neustroeva ◽  
Tuyaara Alekseevna Shergina ◽  
Alina Alekseevna Kozhurova
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The North

This article deals with the problem of indigenous peoples’ child-rearing practices based on their traditional way of life, language and authentic ethnic culture against the background of a strong national revival of the peoples of the Russian Federation. It shows that inclement natural and climatic conditions and the vulnerable traditional way of life of indigenous peoples of the North have necessitated creation of a special national policy towards their sustainable development, which would provide for an action framework to preserve their indigenous culture, traditional way of life, and primordial living environment. In particular, it resolves the essential contradiction between the existing unified system of school education and the relevance of variable organization of traditional education for children of the indigenous peoples of the North in the nomad camp, based on their ethnic, psychological, and physiological features of development. A model for traditional Even child rearing in the nomad camp has been developed and tested as a new form of organizing children’s life during summer holidays in the North. Special aspects of educational environment for Northern children in the nomad camp have been substantiated based on a curriculum with an ethnic focus aiming to form their identity as native speakers of the language and bearers of the culture of their people and as members of the northern ethnic group. The effectiveness of ethnocultural education of Even children in the nomad camp has been experimentally proved through an ethno-pedagogical theory and practice in specific natural conditions of the North.

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