scholarly journals Exploring the edible gum (galactomannan) biosynthesis and its regulation during pod developmental stages in clusterbean using comparative transcriptomic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Sharma ◽  
Anshika Tyagi ◽  
Harsha Srivastava ◽  
G. Ramakrishna ◽  
Priya Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Target Subject

AbstractGalactomannan is a polymer of high economic importance and is extracted from the seed endosperm of clusterbean (C. tetragonoloba). In the present study, we worked to reveal the stage-specific galactomannan biosynthesis and its regulation in clusterbean. Combined electron microscopy and biochemical analysis revealed high protein and gum content in RGC-936, while high oil bodies and low gum content in M-83. A comparative transcriptome study was performed between RGC-936 (high gum) and M-83 (low gum) varieties at three developmental stages viz. 25, 39, and 50 days after flowering (DAF). Total 209,525, 375,595 and 255,401 unigenes were found at 25, 39 and 50 DAF respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis indicated a total of 5147 shared unigenes between the two genotypes. Overall expression levels of transcripts at 39DAF were higher than 50DAF and 25DAF. Besides, 691 (RGC-936) and 188 (M-83) candidate unigenes that encode for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of galactomannan were identified and analyzed, and 15 key enzyme genes were experimentally validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Transcription factor (TF) WRKY was observed to be co-expressed with key genes of galactomannan biosynthesis at 39DAF. We conclude that WRKY might be a potential biotechnological target (subject to functional validation) for developing high gum content varieties.

scholarly journals Cloning, Characterization, and RNA Interference Effect of the UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Pyrophosphorylase Gene in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Yuan-Jin Zhou ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Shang-Wei Li ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Jia-Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Key Enzyme

The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a major pest of rice and is difficult to control. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) is a key enzyme in the chitin synthesis pathway in insects. In this study, the UAP gene from C. medinalis (CmUAP) was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of CmUAP is 1788 bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 1464 nucleotides that encodes 487 amino acids. Homology and phylogenetic analyses of the predicted protein indicated that CmUAP shared 91.79%, 87.89%, and 82.75% identities with UAPs of Glyphodes pyloalis, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Heortia vitessoides, respectively. Expression pattern analyses by droplet digital PCR demonstrated that CmUAP was expressed at all developmental stages and in 12 tissues of C. medinalis adults. Silencing of CmUAP by injection of double-stranded RNA specific to CmUAP caused death, slow growth, reduced feeding and excretion, and weight loss in C. medinalis larvae; meanwhile, severe developmental disorders were observed. The findings suggest that CmUAP is essential for the growth and development of C. medinalis, and that targeting the CmUAP gene through RNAi technology can be used for biological control of this insect.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with pigmentation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) skin and flesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifang Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Qunyun Tan ◽  
Xiaojun Qiu ◽  
Shiyong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

AbstractRadish (Raphanus sativus) is an important vegetable worldwide that exhibits different flesh and skin colors. The anthocyanins responsible for the red and purple coloring in radishes possess nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. To explore the structural and regulatory networks related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify key genes, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions. The transcript profiles showed that each accession had a species-specific transcript profile. For radish pigmentation accumulation, the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (RsTT4, RsC4H, RsTT7, RsCCOAMT, RsDFR, and RsLDOX) were significantly upregulated in the red- and purple-colored accessions, but were downregulated or absent in the white and black accessions. The correlation test, combined with metabolome (PCC > 0.95), revealed five structural genes (RsTT4, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, RsF3H, and RsBG8L) and three transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, and RsPAR1) to be significantly correlated with flavonoids in the skin of the taproot. Four structural genes (RsBG8L, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, and RsLDOX) and nine transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, RsMYB24L, RsbHLH57, RsPAR2L, RsbHLH113L, RsOGR3L, RsMYB24, and RsMYB34L) were found to be significantly correlated with metabolites in the flesh of the taproot. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the gene functions and genetic diversity of radish pigmentation and should aid in the cultivation of new valuable radish varieties.

scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis of Phenolics Compounds Accumulated During Developing Stages of Wheatgrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Nikita Nimsarkar ◽  
Mayuri Kulkarni ◽  
Dr. Faiyaz Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Phenolics Compounds

The current study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of phenolic compounds in distinct developmental stages of Wheatgrass (Tritium aestivum). The wheatgrass was grown in the container/tray in the standard condition in the laboratory space provided by the department. Overnight soaked seeds were then sowed in the soil containers for 25 days. The accumulation of phenolics compounds was qualitatively and quantitatively checked in the leaves at 5, 10,15,20,25 days. Phenolics compounds were sequentially extracted in methanol, n-hexane, and acetone. For qualitative analysis, various biochemical tests were carried out and phenolics compounds were quantitatively estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Among three solvents methanol extract was found to accumulate phenolics compounds in increasing concentration at various developmental stages i.e. 5th days - 0.7135 mg/ml, 10th days 1.2614 mg/ml, 15th days- 1.1244 mg/ml; 20th days - 1.8093 mg/ml and 25th days - 4.0693 mg/ml. On the qualitative check, methanol extract was found to be positive for tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. These phenolics could be analyzed for antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities are the future perspective of this study.

scholarly journals Selecting and validating reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Plutella xylostella (L.)

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun You ◽  
Miao Xie ◽  
Liette Vasseur ◽  
Minsheng You
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Gene expression analysis provides important clues regarding gene functions, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a widely used method in gene expression studies. Reference genes are essential for normalizing and accurately assessing gene expression. In the present study, 16 candidate reference genes (ACTB, CyPA, EF1-α, GAPDH, HSP90, NDPk, RPL13a, RPL18, RPL19, RPL32, RPL4, RPL8, RPS13, RPS4, α-TUB, and β-TUB) from Plutella xylostella were selected to evaluate gene expression stability across different experimental conditions using five statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, Delta Ct, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). The results suggest that different reference genes or combinations of reference genes are suitable for normalization in gene expression studies of P. xylostella according to the different developmental stages, strains, tissues, and insecticide treatments. Based on the given experimental sets, the most stable reference genes were RPS4 across different developmental stages, RPL8 across different strains and tissues, and EF1-α across different insecticide treatments. A comprehensive and systematic assessment of potential reference genes for gene expression normalization is essential for post-genomic functional research in P. xylostella, a notorious pest with worldwide distribution and a high capacity to adapt and develop resistance to insecticides.

scholarly journals Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Franco Röckel ◽  
Carina Moock ◽  
Ulrike Braun ◽  
Florian Schwander ◽  
Peter Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Repeat Number ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines.

scholarly journals Analysis of key genes of jasmonic acid mediated signal pathway for defense against insect damages by comparative transcriptome sequencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengshan Yang ◽  
Yuliang Zhang ◽  
Qixing Huang ◽  
Guohua Yin ◽  
Kayla K. Pennerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Key Genes

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Identities Key Candidate Genes Mediating Purple Ovary Coloration in Asiatic Hybrid Lilies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leifeng Xu ◽  
Panpan Yang ◽  
Suxia Yuan ◽  
Yayan Feng ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
H Gene ◽  
Pigment Accumulation

Lily tepals have a short lifespan. Once the tepals senesce, the ornamental value of the flower is lost. Some cultivars have attractive purple ovaries and fruits which greatly enhance the ornamental value of Asiatic hybrid lilies. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Asiatic hybrid lily ovaries. To investigate the transcriptional network that governs purple ovary coloration in Asiatic hybrid lilies, we obtained transcriptome data from green ovaries (S1) and purple ovaries (S2) of Asiatic ‘Tiny Padhye’. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 4228 differentially expressed genes. Differential expression analysis revealed that nine unigenes including four CHS genes, one CHI gene, one F3H gene, one F3′H gene, one DFR gene, and one UFGT gene were significantly up-regulated in purple ovaries. One MYB gene, LhMYB12-Lat, was identified as a key transcription factor determining the distribution of anthocyanins in Asiatic hybrid lily ovaries. Further qPCR results showed unigenes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were highly expressed in purple ovaries of Asiatic ‘Tiny Padhye’ at stages 2 and 3, while they showed an extremely low level of expression in ovaries of Asiatic ‘Yellow Pixels’ during all developmental stages. In addition, shading treatment significantly decreased pigment accumulation by suppressing the expression of several unigenes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in ovaries of Asiatic ‘Tiny Padhye’. These results could further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Asiatic hybrid lily ovaries.

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