scholarly journals Enhanced catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen using a 3D structured catalyst with MnO2 nanosheets on carbon microfibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guhankumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Hajar Farzaneh ◽  
Yongfeng Tong ◽  
Jenny Lawler ◽  
Zhaoyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Structured Catalyst ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Carbon Microfibers

AbstractHeterogeneous catalytic ozonation is an effective approach to degrade refractory organic pollutants in water. However, ozonation catalysts with combined merits of high activity, good reusability and low cost for practical industrial applications are still rare. This study aims to develop an efficient, stable and economic ozonation catalyst for the degradation of Ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound frequently detected as a refractory pollutant in treated wastewaters. The novel three-dimensional network-structured catalyst, comprising of δ-MnO2 nanosheets grown on woven carbon microfibers (MnO2 nanosheets/carbon microfiber), was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. Catalytic ozonation performance of Ibuprofen removal in water using the new catalyst proves a significant enhancement, where Ibuprofen removal efficiency of close to 90% was achieved with a catalyst loading of 1% (w/v). In contrast, conventional ozonation was only able to achieve 65% removal efficiency under the same operating condition. The enhanced performance with the new catalyst could be attributed to its significantly increased available surface active sites and improved mass transfer of reaction media, as a result of the special surface and structure properties of this new three-dimensional network-structured catalyst. Moreover, the new catalyst displays excellent stability and reusability for ibuprofen degradation over successive reaction cycles. The facile synthesis method and low-cost materials render the new catalyst high potential for industrial scaling up. With the combined advantages of high efficiency, high stability, and low cost, this study sheds new light for industrial applications of ozonation catalysts.

On the suitability of induction heating system for metal additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gourav K Sharma ◽  
Piyush Pant ◽  
Prashant K Jain ◽  
Pavan K Kankar ◽  
Puneet Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Semi Solid

Induction heating is a non-contact-based energy source that has the potential to quickly melt the metal and become the alternate energy source that can be used for additive manufacturing. At present, induction heating is widely used in various industrial applications such as melting, preheating, heat treatment, welding, and brazing. The potential of this source has not been explored in the additive manufacturing domain. However, the use of induction heating in additive manufacturing could lead to low-cost part fabrication as compared to other energy sources such as laser or electron beam. Therefore, this study explores the feasibility of this energy source in additive manufacturing for fabricating parts of metallic materials. An experimental system has been developed by modifying an existing delta three-dimensional printer. An induction heater coil has been incorporated to extruder head for semi-solid processing of the metal alloy. In order to test the viability of the developed system, aluminium material in the filament form has been processed. Obtained results have shown that the induction heating–based energy source is capable of processing metallic materials having a melting point up to 1000° C. The continuous extrusion of the material has been achieved by controlling the extruder temperature using a proportional integral derivative–based controller and k-type thermocouple. The study also discusses various issues and challenges that occurred during the melting of metal with induction heating. The outcomes of this study may be a breakthrough in the area of metal-based additive manufacturing.

A flexible, lightweight and stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitor based on warp-knitted stainless-steel mesh for wearable electronics

2022 ◽  
pp. 004051752110698
Author(s):  
Chuanli Su ◽  
Guangwei Shao ◽  
Qinghua Yu ◽  
Yaoli Huang ◽  
Jinhua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Dimensional Network

Highly conductive, flexible, stretchable and lightweight electrode substrates are essential to meet the future demand on supercapacitors for wearable electronics. However, it is difficult to achieve the above characteristics simultaneously. In this study, ultrafine stainless-steel fibers (with a diameter of ≈30 μm) are knitted into stainless-steel meshes (SSMs) with a diamond structure for the fabrication of textile stretchable electrodes and current collectors. The electrodes are fabricated by utilizing an electrodeposited three-dimensional network graphene framework and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating on the SSM substrates via a two-step electrodeposition process, which show a specific capacitance of 77.09 F g−1 (0.14 A g−1) and superb cycling stability (91% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled flexible stretchable supercapacitor based on the PEDOT/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)@SSM electrodes exhibits an areal capacitance (53 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2), a good cycling stability (≈73% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles), rate capability (36 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2), stretchable stability (≈78% capacitance retention at 10% strain for 500 stretching cycles) and outstanding flexibility and stability under various bending deformations. The assembled supercapacitors can illuminate a thermometer and a light-emitting diode, demonstrating their potential application as stretchable supercapacitors. This simple and low-cost method developed for fabricating lightweight, stretchable and stable high-performance supercapacitors offers new opportunities for future stretchable electronic devices.

Microbial Ligninolysis

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1399-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Paliwal ◽  
Krishna Giri ◽  
J.P.N Rai
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymeric carbon source on earth after cellulose. It is a plant-originated polymer with three-dimensional network of dimethoxylated (syringyl), monomethoxylated (guaiacyl), and non-methoxylated (phydroxyphenyl) phenylpropanoid and acetylated units. The structural complexity and insolubility of lignin make it highly recalcitrant for degradation. Its biological degradation is critical to the global carbon cycle. Bioligninolysis involves application of microorganisms and their enzymes in degradation of lignin whichprovide environmental friendly technology for various industrial applications. As a major repository of aromatic chemical structures, lignin bears paramount significance for its removal from woody plants/lignocellulosic material, owing to potential application of bioligninolytic systems on commercial scale. This chapter provides an overview of microbial ligninolysis and its role in carbon cycling, various industrial process and pollution abatement for natural ecosystem management.

scholarly journals Modified Carbon Fiber Paper-Based Electrodes Wrapped by Conducting Polymers with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Tan ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Lijie Zhou ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jiangtao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vacuum Filtration ◽  
Carbon Fiber Paper

An easy approach to fabricating carbon fiber paper (CFP) based electrodes has been developed. This method can be mainly divided into two steps, for which the mixture of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was first deposited on the surface of carbon fiber paper through a vacuum filtration device followed by immersing the hybrid paper into concentrated aniline solution to polymerize polyaniline (PANI). Compared to carbon fiber paper, the acid-treated carbon fiber paper (A-CFP)-based electrode provides more active sites, which are beneficial for the polymerization of polyaniline. The mixture of CNFs and CNTs could coat on the A-CFP by vacuum-filtration due to the high hydrophilicity of A-CFP improved by acid-treatment. PANI with different polymerization time was in-situ synthesized on the surface of the hybrid paper to form a three-dimensional cross-linked structure that greatly enhanced the electrochemical performance of the electrode by improving high capacitance, high rate-capability, and long cycle-life. Moreover, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor showed a high area capacitance of 626 mF·cm−2 and an energy density of 87 µWh·cm−2. This facile, easy performed, and low-cost strategy may provide a feasible method for the production of supercapacitor electrodes.

scholarly journals Cold Sintering as a Cost-Effective Process to Manufacture Porous Zinc Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Jayasayee ◽  
Simon Clark ◽  
Cara King ◽  
Paul Inge Dahl ◽  
Julian Richard Tolchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Thermal Sintering ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Zinc Air Batteries

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) offer a sustainable and safe pathway to low-cost energy storage. Recent research shows that thermally-sintered porous Zn electrodes with a three-dimensional network structure can enhance the performance and lifetime of ZABs, but they are expensive and energy-intensive to manufacture. In this work, monolithic porous Zn electrodes fabricated through an efficient cold sintering process (CSP) were studied for rechargeable ZABs. Electrochemical studies and extended charge-discharge cycling show good Zn utilization with no observable performance degradation when compared to Zn foil. Post-mortem analysis after 152 h of cycling reveals that the cold-sintered electrodes retain their original structure. A techno-economic assessment of the cold sintering process confirms significant reductions in both the time and energy required to manufacture Zn electrodes compared to a comparable thermal sintering process.

Microbial Ligninolysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 120-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Paliwal ◽  
Krishna Giri ◽  
J.P.N Rai
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymeric carbon source on earth after cellulose. It is a plant-originated polymer with three-dimensional network of dimethoxylated (syringyl), monomethoxylated (guaiacyl), and non-methoxylated (phydroxyphenyl) phenylpropanoid and acetylated units. The structural complexity and insolubility of lignin make it highly recalcitrant for degradation. Its biological degradation is critical to the global carbon cycle. Bioligninolysis involves application of microorganisms and their enzymes in degradation of lignin whichprovide environmental friendly technology for various industrial applications. As a major repository of aromatic chemical structures, lignin bears paramount significance for its removal from woody plants/lignocellulosic material, owing to potential application of bioligninolytic systems on commercial scale. This chapter provides an overview of microbial ligninolysis and its role in carbon cycling, various industrial process and pollution abatement for natural ecosystem management.

scholarly journals History of Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Krabicová ◽  
Silvia Lucia Appleton ◽  
Maria Tannous ◽  
Gjylije Hoti ◽  
Fabrizio Caldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Cyclodextrin Nanosponges ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Starch Derivatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Nowadays, research in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has become increasingly predominant, focusing on the manipulation and development of materials on a nanometer scale. Polysaccharides have often been used as they are safe, non-toxic, hydrophilic, biodegradable and are low cost. Among them, starch derivatives and, in particular, cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD NSs) have recently emerged due to the outstanding properties attributable to their peculiar structure. In fact, alongside the common polysaccharide features, such as the presence of tunable functional groups and their ability to interact with biological tissues, thus giving rise to bioadhesion, which is particularly useful in drug delivery, what makes CD NSs unique is their three-dimensional network made up of crosslinked cyclodextrin units. The name “nanosponge” appeared for the first time in the 1990s due to their nanoporous, sponge-like structure and responded to the need to overcome the limitations of native cyclodextrins (CDs), particularly their water solubility and inability to encapsulate charged and large molecules efficiently. Since CD NSs were introduced, efforts have been made over the years to understand their mechanism of action and their capability to host molecules with low or high molecular weight, charged, hydrophobic or hydrophilic by changing the type of cyclodextrin, crosslinker and degree of crosslinking used. They enabled great advances to be made in various fields such as agroscience, pharmaceutical, biomedical and biotechnological sectors, and NS research is far from reaching its conclusion. This review gives an overview of CD NS research, focusing on the origin and key points of the historical development in the last 50 years, progressing from relatively simple crosslinked networks in the 1960s to today’s multifunctional polymers. The approach adopted in writing the present study consisted in exploring the historical evolution of NSs in order to understand their role today, and imagine their future.

scholarly journals Preparation and Electrocatalysis Application of Pure Metallic Aerogel: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Preparation Strategy ◽  
Catalytic Performances

Nanomaterials are widely used in electrocatalysts due to their quantum size effect and high utilization efficiency. There are two ways to improve the activity of nanoelectrocatalysts: increasing the number of active sites and improving the inherent activity of each catalytic site. The structure of the catalyst itself can be improved by increasing the number of exposed active sites per unit mass. The high porosity and three-dimensional network structure enable aerogels to have the characteristics of a large specific surface area, exposing many active sites and bringing structural stability through the self-supporting nature of aerogels. Thus, by adjusting the compositions of aerogels, the synergetic effect introduced by alloy elements can be utilized to further improve the single-site activity. In this review, we summarized the basic preparation strategy of aerogels and extended it to the preparation of alloys and special structure aerogels. Moreover, through the eight electrocatalysis cases, the outstanding catalytic performances and broad applicability of aerogel electrocatalysts are emphasized. Finally, we predict the future development of pure metallic aerogel electrocatalysts from the perspective of preparation to application.

Promotion of catalytic ozonation of aniline with Mn-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelu Xu ◽  
Jiao Zhao ◽  
Yunfei Jiang ◽  
Xiaojia Tang ◽  
Zihao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Al2o3 Support ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Calcination Method

Abstract In this study, Mn-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3 supported catalysts were adopted to promote the removal efficiency of aniline in simulated wastewater with ozone. Mn-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation-calcination method. Its phase structure, specific surface area, loading amount and distribution of active units were analyzed by XRD, BET, ICP-AES and TEM/SEM respectively. The characterization results demonstrated that the catalysts had a good dispersion of Mn-Ce-Ox active sites and an abundant porous structure from the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalytic ozonation results showed that with Mn3-Ce1-Ox/γ-Al2O3(1.0), the aniline removal efficiency was highly improved, 15.0% higher than that of ozonation without a catalyst. Furthermore, from the variation in loading amounts of Mn and Ce, it can be seen that the molar ratio of Mn and Ce within the Mn-Ce-Ox plays a key role in accelerating the ozonation of aniline in simulated wastewater with ozone, while Mn:Ce = 1.9:1 showed the best performance. More importantly, the catalysts showed high recycling performance and could be reused at least 12 times without obvious loss of activity.

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