scholarly journals Temporal trends in incidence of time-loss injuries in four male professional North American sports over 13 seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Elizabeth Murray ◽  
Jake Vaughan ◽  
Stefan Kluzek
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
The Third

AbstractSports-related injuries increase healthcare cost burden, and in some instances have harmful long term physical and psychological implications. There is currently a lack of comprehensive data on temporal injury trends across professional North American sports. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal trends, according to incidence and time-loss injuries, by body part in professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey. Public injury data from Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League from 2007 to December 2019 were extracted and used. A mean of 62.49 injuries per 100 players per season was recorded for all professional sports. The groin/hip/thigh reported the greatest season proportional injury incidence for baseball, football, and ice hockey, with the groin/hip/thigh as the third highest injury incidence in basketball. When stratifying by more specific body part groupings, the knee demonstrated the greatest injury proportional incidence for basketball, football, and ice hockey, with the knee as the third highest proportional injury incidence for baseball. There was an increased in basketball ankle injuries following 2011–2012 season. Football and ice hockey reported the greatest concussion proportion incidence, with football demonstrating an increase in concussions over time, and a substantial increase in concussions from the 2014 to 2015 season. These publicly extracted data and findings can be used as a shared resource for professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey for future individual and across sport collaborations concerning resource allocation and decision making in order to improve player health.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends and Severity in Injury and Illness Incidence in the National Basketball Association Over 11 Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110040
Author(s):  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Tyler Ferguson ◽  
Jake Vaughan ◽  
Desiree Gillespie ◽  
Gary Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Current Data ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball

Background: There is a paucity of current data describing injuries in professional basketball players. Utilizing publicly available injury data will allow for greater transparency for stakeholders to use the data as a shared resource to create future basketball injury prevention programs. Purpose: To describe injury and illness incidence, severity, and temporal trends in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Among those who develop time-loss injury or illness, we estimated severity based on games missed because of injury or illness. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Publicly available NBA data were extracted through a reproducible computer-programmed process from the 2008 to 2019 seasons. Data were externally validated by 2 independent reviewers through other publicly available data sources. Injury and illness were calculated per 1000 athlete game-exposures (AGEs). Injury severity was calculated as games missed because of injury or illness. Injury and illness data were stratified by body part, position, severity (slight, minor, moderate, or severe), month, and year. Results: A total of 1369 players played a total of 302,018 player-games, with a total of 5375 injuries and illnesses. The overall injury and illness incidence was 17.80 per 1000 AGEs. The median injury severity was 3 games (interquartile range, 0-6 games) missed per injury. Overall, 33% of injuries were classified as slight; 26%, as minor; 26%, as moderate; and 15%, as severe. The ankle (2.57 injuries/1000 AGEs), knee (2.44 injuries/1000 AGEs), groin/hip/thigh (1.99 injuries/1000 AGEs), and illness (1.85 illnesses/1000 AGEs) had the greatest incidence of injury and illness. Neither injury or illness incidence nor severity was different among basketball playing positions. Injury incidence demonstrated increasing incremental trends with season progression. Injuries were similar throughout the 11-year reporting period, except for a substantial increase in the lockout-shortened 2012 season. Conclusion: The ankle and knee had the greatest injury incidence. Injury incidence was similar among basketball positions. Injury incidence increased throughout the season, demonstrating the potential relationship between player load and injury incidence.

Body checking in non-elite adolescent ice hockey leagues: it is never too late for policy change aiming to protect the health of adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103757
Author(s):  
Carolyn A Emery ◽  
Paul Eliason ◽  
Vineetha Warriyar ◽  
Luz Palacios-Derflingher ◽  
Amanda Marie Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Study Physician

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of policy change disallowing body checking in adolescent ice hockey leagues (ages 15–17) on reducing rates of injury and concussion.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study. Players 15–17 years-old were recruited from teams in non-elite divisions of play (lower 40%–70% by division of play depending on year and city of play in leagues where policy permits or prohibit body checking in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada (2015–18). A validated injury surveillance methodology supported baseline, exposure-hours and injury data collection. Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a study physician. Primary outcomes include game-related injuries, game-related injuries (>7 days time loss), game-related concussions and game-related concussions (>10 days time loss).Results44 teams (453 player-seasons) from non-body checking and 52 teams (674 player-seasons) from body checking leagues participated. In body checking leagues there were 213 injuries (69 concussions) and in non-body checking leagues 40 injuries (18 concussions) during games. Based on multiple multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analyses, policy prohibiting body checking was associated with a lower rate of injury (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.6)) and concussion (IRR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). This translates to an absolute rate reduction of 7.82 injuries/1000 game-hours (95% CI 2.74 to 12.9) and the prevention of 7326 injuries (95% CI 2570 to 12083) in Canada annually.ConclusionsThe rate of injury was 62% lower (concussion 51% lower) in leagues not permitting body checking in non-elite 15–17 years old leagues highlighting the potential public health impact of policy prohibiting body checking in older adolescent ice hockey players.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Contact and Non-Contact Ankle Injuries in Collegiate Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0019
Author(s):  
Javier Z. Guzman ◽  
Kevin K. Chen ◽  
Jimmy J. Chan ◽  
Ettore Vulcano
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ncaa Athletes

Category: Ankle, Sports Introduction/Purpose: Ankle injuries can often have profound implication in the potential careers of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Accordingly, a more thorough characterization of these injuries and insight into injury etiology is warranted. In addition, a more comprehensive understanding will allow proper education of athletes when injuries do occur. Here we review the incidence and effect of ankle injuries on NCAA athletes and their athletic season. Methods: Ankle injuries across 16 collegiate sports played by men and women from 2004-05 to 2013-14 academic years were surveyed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Ankle injury rates per 10,000 athlete-exposures (IR), operative rate, annual injury rate trends, re-injury rates, in-season status (pre/in/post-season) at time of injury, and time loss distributions were perused. In effort to include both male and female atheletes equally, a sub-group analysis of contact sports played by both genders (C-BG) was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in risk when compared to those athletes that did not play contact sports. These sports included basketball, soccer, lacrosse, and ice hockey. Types of ankle injuries (soft tissues or bony) were also sub-classified and counted. Results: Over the course of 10 years, there were 14,080 ankle injures identified (IR=11.9). There were 8,978 (IR=12.1) injuries in males and 5,102 (IR=11.7) injuries in females. The rate of injuries that occurred in C-BG cohort (IR=14.5) was greater than that of the total group of noncontact participants (IR=7.6). When comparing injury rates between all contact sports(IR=14.1) and all noncontact sports (IR=7.6) the difference was found to be statistically significant(p <0 .0001). In the C-BG group, 1.4% of injuries were operative (N=93). The overall mean time loss for C-BG was 10.9 days when excluding patients who had season ending injuries. Across all atheletes, the top three contact sports with season ending ankle injuries were football, basketball, and lacrosse. Importantly,16.8% of all injuries were classified as re-injuries. Conclusion: Ankle injuries represent a common and broad spectrum of injuries in collegiate athletes. A majority of ankle injuries occurred during the regular season with sprains, strains, contusions, and fractures representing the most common types of injuries. Contact sports tend to have higher rates of ankle injuries than noncontact sports. As the consequence of index ankle injury appears to be higher predisposition to reinjury, a better understanding of the kinds of ankle injuries and their respective causes may help elucidate trends useful in the development of various prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine H. Stubbe ◽  
Anne-Marie M. C. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Sissi van der Knaap ◽  
Jasper Stege ◽  
Evert A. Verhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Context: Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries. Objective: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Dutch premier soccer league. Patients or Other Participants: During the 2009–2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches. Results: A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%). Conclusions: Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711986590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Crowley ◽  
David P. Trofa ◽  
J. Turner Vosseller ◽  
Prakash Gorroochurn ◽  
Lauren H. Redler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hockey Players

Background: Ice hockey is a high-speed contact sport in which athletes are prone to many different injuries. While past studies have examined overall injury rates in ice hockey, foot and ankle injuries among collegiate ice hockey players have yet to be analyzed. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries among collegiate ice hockey players utilizing data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program. We hypothesized that male ice hockey players would sustain more injuries compared with female ice hockey players and that the injuries sustained would be more severe. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data on all foot and ankle injuries sustained during the academic years 2004 through 2014 were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Injury rates, rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% CIs. Results: Over the study period, the overall rate of foot and ankle injuries for men was higher than that for women (413 vs 103 injuries, respectively; RR, 4.01 [95% CI, 3.23-4.97]). Injury rates were highest during the regular season for both men (358 injuries; RR, 64.78 [95% CI, 58.07-71.49]) and women (89 injuries; RR, 38.37 [95% CI, 30.40-46.35]) compared with the preseason or postseason. The most common injury in men was a foot and/or toe contusion (22.5%), while women most commonly sustained a low ankle sprain (31.1%). For men, foot and/or toe contusions accounted for the most non–time loss (≤24 hours ) and moderate time-loss (2-13 days) injuries, while high ankle sprains accounted for the most severe time-loss (≥14 days) injuries. For women, foot and/or toe contusions accounted for the most non–time loss injuries, low ankle sprains accounted for the most moderate time-loss injuries, and high ankle sprains accounted for the most severe time-loss injuries. Conclusion: Foot and ankle injuries were frequent among collegiate ice hockey players during the period studied. For men, contusions were the most commonly diagnosed injury, although high ankle sprains resulted in the most significant time lost. For women, low ankle sprains were the most common and resulted in the most moderate time lost. These findings may direct future injury prevention and guide improvements in ice skate design.

Incidence of Lower Extremity Injury in the National Football League: 2015 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2287-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Mack ◽  
Richard W. Kent ◽  
Michael J. Coughlin ◽  
Kristin Y. Shiue ◽  
Leigh J. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Time Burden ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Lower extremity injuries are the most common injuries in professional sports and carry a high burden to players and teams in the National Football League (NFL). Injury prevention strategies can be refined by a foundational understanding of the occurrence and effect of these injuries on NFL players. Purpose: To determine the incidence of specific lower extremity injuries sustained by NFL players across 4 NFL seasons. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included all time-loss lower extremity injuries that occurred during football-related activities during the 2015 through 2018 seasons. Injury data were collected prospectively through a leaguewide electronic health record (EHR) system and linked with NFL game statistics and player participation to calculate injury incidence per season and per 10,000 player-plays for lower extremity injuries overall and for specific injuries. Days lost due to injury were estimated through 2018 for injuries occurring in the 2015 to 2017 seasons. Results: An average of 2006 time-loss lower extremity injuries were reported each season over this 4-year study, representing a 1-season risk of 41% for an NFL player. Incidence was stable from 2015 to 2018, with an estimated total missed time burden each NFL season of approximately 56,700 player-days lost. Most (58.7%) of these injuries occurred during games, with an overall higher rate of injuries observed in preseason compared with regular season (11.5 vs 9.4 injuries per 10,000 player-plays in games). The knee was the most commonly injured lower extremity region (29.3% of lower body injuries), followed by the ankle (22.4%), thigh (17.2%), and foot (9.1%). Hamstring strains were the most common lower extremity injury, followed by lateral ankle sprains, adductor strains, high ankle sprains, and medial collateral ligament tears. Conclusion: Lower extremity injuries affect a high number of NFL players, and the incidence did not decrease over the 4 seasons studied. Prevention and rehabilitation protocols for these injuries should continue to be prioritized.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Traumatic and Overuse Injuries in Swiss Professional Male Ice Hockey Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712096472
Author(s):  
Romana Brunner ◽  
Mario Bizzini ◽  
Karin Niedermann ◽  
Nicola A. Maffiuletti
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effect ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
National League

Background: Ice hockey injury patterns in Europe were last evaluated in the 1990s. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, type, location, and incidence of traumatic injuries, as well as the prevalence and relative effect of overuse injuries in professional male ice hockey players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Traumatic injuries were assessed using a standardized injury report form over a 1-year period (including the preparatory phase and season). The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire was used to determine overall and substantial overuse injuries and their relative effect on ice hockey players. Results: Five Swiss National League teams participated in the study. From a total of 321 recorded injuries, 179 led to time loss from sport. The game-related time-loss injury incidence during the season was 88.6/1000 player-game hours.Time-loss injuries affected mainly the hip/groin/thigh region (23%), followed by the head (17%). Most time-loss injuries were classified as muscle strains (24%), followed by concussions (18%). The most common injury mechanism involved collision with an opponent’s body (31%), and right forward players (23%) were most likely to report a game-related injury. Most injuries (27%) occurred within the defending zone along the boards. The average prevalence rates of all overuse and substantial overuse injuries were 49% and 13%, respectively. The hip/groin displayed the highest average prevalence for all overuse problems (16%), translating to the highest relative effect. Conclusion: Muscle strains and concussions were the most frequent time-loss injuries in Swiss professional ice hockey players. The hip/groin was the most affected region for both traumatic and overuse injuries.

scholarly journals Sports Medicine Staffing Patterns and Incidence of Injury in Collegiate Men's Ice Hockey

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Bailey L. Lanser ◽  
Tory R. Lindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Graduate Assistant ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Patient Load ◽  
Staffing Patterns

Context The relative availability of clinicians as well as the types and training of health care providers have been associated with morbidity and mortality in non-athletic health care settings. Whether staffing variations are associated with injury incidence in collegiate athletes is unknown. Objective To evaluate whether the institutional ratio of athletes to athletic trainers (patient load) or the ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers or both is associated with the incidence of injuries sustained by male ice hockey athletes at the school. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ice hockey teams. Patients or Other Participants Collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program collected data from collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Staffing patterns were obtained through telephone interviews. Injury counts, injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures, and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared between the following groups: (1) schools with high (versus low) patient load and (2) schools with high (versus low) ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers. Results Both the patient load and relative number of staff athletic trainers were associated with variations in the incidences and types of diagnosed injuries in male ice hockey players. Specifically, fewer injuries were diagnosed by clinicians at institutions with high patient loads. The rates of injury overall and non–time-loss injuries were lower in the high patient-load group. Time-loss injury rates, severe injury rates, concussion rates, and overall rates of injury during competition were greater in the group with a higher proportion of staff athletic trainers, whereas non–time-loss injury rates were lower. Conclusions In this study of collegiate men's ice hockey players, athlete health outcomes were directly related to the number and types of clinicians available. Future researchers should evaluate whether this finding extends beyond men's ice hockey.

scholarly journals Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A 4-Year Descriptive Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110611
Author(s):  
Maximilian Willauschus ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Matthias Walcher ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Type

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are a common but underestimated problem in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury incidence rates (IIRs), patterns, and injury mechanism are missing. Purpose: The primary aims were to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries and the exposure-adjusted IIR of elite taekwondo athletes during matches while training (ie, sparring) and in competitions. The secondary aims were to evaluate injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were assessed prospectively for foot and ankle injuries over 4 years (between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019). Data were collected regarding number and type of injuries, anatomic location, and total exposure time during training and competition for each athlete. Injury mechanism and dominant foot were assessed via personal interview. Time loss from sport was analyzed retrospectively. The injury prevalence and IIR were calculated. Correlation between mechanism and injury type, location, and dominant foot was evaluated. Time loss according to location and injury type was assessed. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to test for differences in sex, age, and taekwondo experience and for comparison of injury location and type, injury mechanism, and side dominance, respectively. Training and competition IIRs and prevalence were calculated with 95% CIs (for Poisson rates). Results: From an initial 107 athletes, 79 (73.8%) were included in the final data set. Of these athletes, 38 were injured (n = 112 injuries) for a prevalence of 48.1% (95% CI, 43%-52%). The overall IIR of the ankle joint was 13.14 injuries per 1000 athletes (95% CI, 1.5-25.9) and was significantly higher during competition versus training ( P < .001). Ankle joint injuries were most common (n = 71; 63%). Significantly more noncontact versus contact ankle ligament injuries (n = 46; 83%) occurred ( P < .001). The forefoot (n = 18; 66%) was mainly affected by contact injuries ( P < .001). Time loss was the highest for midfoot fractures (mean ± SD, 23.0 ± 0.6 days; range, 23-24 days). Conclusion: Noncontact ligamentous ankle injuries were most common, with a higher incidence during competition. Improvement of strength, endurance, and postural stability under strain is recommended for prevention.

scholarly journals Incidence and prediction of ankle injury risk: a prospective cohort study on 91 contemporary preprofessional dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001060
Author(s):  
Adinda K E Mailuhu ◽  
Rogier M van Rijn ◽  
Janine H Stubbe ◽  
Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
Marienke van Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThis study examines the incidence of ankle injuries and identifies ankle injury risk among contemporary preprofessional dancers.MethodsA total of 91 first-year contemporary preprofessional dancers were prospectively followed during one academic year. Self-reported ankle injuries, assessed with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire, were categorised as all complaint ankle injuries, substantial ankle injuries or time-loss ankle injuries. In addition, ankle injuries leading to medical attention were included. Regression analyses were used to determine the association between potential risk factors (dancer characteristics, history of ankle injury in the previous year, ankle range of motion and dorsiflexion) and ankle injuries.ResultsThe 1-year ankle injury incidence proportion was 18.7% (n=17), 8.8% (n=8), 15.4% (n=14) and 7.7% (n=7), respectively, for all complaint ankle injuries, ankle injuries requiring medical attention, time-loss injuries and substantial injuries. Being male (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.75) and being a student of the Bachelors in Dance and Education (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.97) were univariately associated with a lower risk of an ankle injury.ConclusionAlmost 20% of first-year preprofessional dancers reported an ankle injury, with more than 80% of the dancers reporting that their injury leads to dance time loss. Males and students of the bachelors in dance and education were at lower risk of ankle injuries. As ankle injuries are common among dancers, studies with larger sample sizes, a more heterogeneous population (eg, different dance styles) and longer follow-up periods are necessary to evaluate the impact of ankle injuries in further detail.

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