scholarly journals Changing epidemiology and viral interplay of hepatitis B, C and D among injecting drug user-dominant prisoners in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ying Lu ◽  
Chun-Ting Chen ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
Pei-Chien Tsai ◽  
Meng-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

AbstractThe spreading of viral hepatitis among injecting drug users (IDU) is an emerging public health concern. This study explored the prevalence and the risks of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) among IDU-dominant prisoners in Taiwan. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HDV (anti-HDV), viral load and HCV genotypes were measured in 1137(67.0%) of 1697 prisoners. 89.2% of participants were IDUs and none had HIV infection. The prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, dual HBsAg/anti-HCV, HBsAg/anti-HDV, and triple HBsAg/anti-HCV/anti-HDV was 13.6%, 34.8%, 4.9%, 3.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. HBV viremia rate was significantly lower in HBV/HCV-coinfected than HBV mono-infected subjects (66.1% versus 89.9%, adjusted odds ratio/95% confidence intervals [aOR/CI] = 0.27/0.10–0.73). 47.5% anti-HCV-seropositive subjects (n = 396) were non-viremic, including 23.2% subjects were antivirals-induced. The predominant HCV genotypes were genotype 6(40.9%), 1a(24.0%) and 3(11.1%). HBsAg seropositivity was negatively correlated with HCV viremia among the treatment naïve HCV subjects (44.7% versus 72.4%, aOR/CI = 0.27/0.13–0.58). Anti-HCV seropositivity significantly increased the risk of anti-HDV-seropositivity among HBsAg carriers (57.1% versus 7.1%, aOR/CI = 15.73/6.04–40.96). In conclusion, IUDs remain as reservoirs for multiple hepatitis viruses infection among HIV-uninfected prisoners in Taiwan. HCV infection increased the risk of HDV infection but suppressed HBV replication in HBsAg carriers. An effective strategy is mandatory to control the epidemic in this high-risk group.

Chronic Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Infection in Hepatitis B Virus Carrier Chimpanzees Experimentally Superinfected with HDV

1988 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Negro ◽  
K. F. Bergmann ◽  
B. M. Baroudy ◽  
W. C. Satterfield ◽  
H. Popper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Carrier ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Virus Carrier

scholarly journals Hepatitis D virus antibodies and liver function profile among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Lukman O Abdulkareem ◽  
Dennis A Ndububa ◽  
Augustine O Uhunmwangho ◽  
Thahir Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hdv Infection

Introduction: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 5% of HBV infected individuals worldwide have HDV infection. There is paucity of studies in Nigeria on the burden of HDV infection. This study aimed at determining the prevalence rate of HDV antibodies among individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and comparing the liver function test (LFT) and disease severity among the anti-HDV positive (anti-HDV+) and anti-HDV negative (anti-HDV-) individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 180 CHB infected individuals who were clinically evaluated and tested for HDV antibodies using the Enzyme-linked Immunoassay method. Their LFT profile and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 17. Results: Their mean age was 35.2 ± 10.4 years. There were 150 (83.3%) and 30 (16.7%) individuals with uncomplicated and complicated CHB infection respectively. Thirty-four (18.9%) of the participants were anti-HDV+. The mean serum ALT, AST, albumin and INR of the anti-HDV+ subjects were 16.5 ± 13.8 IU/L, 26.3 ± 32.6 IU/L, 38.9 ± 7.6 g/L, and 1.2 ± 0.2 respectively. The mean values for the same parameters of the anti-HDV- subjects were 10.8 ± 9.5 IU/L, 13.4 ± 11.2 IU/L, 41.4 ± 6.0 g/L and 1.1 ± 0.2 respectively (p < 0.05). The mean CTP scores in the anti-HDV+ and anti-HDV- subjects were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 5.5 ± 1.2 respectively (p= 0.03). Conclusions: Anti-HDV sero-prevalence rate was 18.9% and anti-HDV+ CHB patients had worse LFT results compared to those who were anti-HDV–.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 634-638
Author(s):  
SEEMA DAUD ◽  
IRAM MANZOOR ◽  
NOREEN RAHAT HASHMI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
First Year ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of first year MBBS students, for the prevention ofHepatitis B. Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted at Lahore Medical &Dental College, Lahore. The data was collected in two weeks in December, 2006. Methodology: A total of 50 studentswere recruited using a non probability random sampling technique, through the lottery method. A pre-tested structuredquestionnaire was administered to collect information about the knowledge and practice of students about theprevention of hepatitis B. Data was presented in the form of simple tables and graphs. Results: Out of 50 students,majority (96%) responded that it was a disease of liver. Regarding knowledge about the communicability of HepatitisB, 78% said it was communicable, 19% assumed that it was water borne. Other responses included spread via bloodtransfusion (28%), through use of injection (21%), close physical contact (8%) and un-hygienic conditions (18%). Forprevention of Hepatitis B, the more common responses were, provision of clean water (24%), improvement in hygiene(27%), restriction to single sex partner (6%), avoidance of sharing syringes and needles (19%), screening blood beforetransfusion (9%) and vaccination (15%). The high risk group was identified as the poor people living in unhygienicconditions (34%), surgeons (32%), barbers (12%), Intravenous drug users (8%), recipient of blood transfusion (6%)and uneducated people (6%). Only 1 respondent (2%) said that sex workers could be at risk of getting this disease.When inquired about their vaccination status, 66% of students admitted to have been vaccinated against Hepatitis B,while 34% of have not been vaccinated. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is lack of awarenessamong the medical students entering into the profession about the hazards of Hepatitis B, its routes of spread and itsmodes of prevention. Similarly, all the students were not vaccinated against Hepatitis B, which made them veryvulnerable to this disease.

Fatal Hepatitis B in Early Infancy: The Importance of Identifying HBsAg-Positive Pregnant Women and Providing Immunoprophylaxis to Their Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Dietra Delaplane ◽  
Ram Yogev ◽  
Frank Crussi ◽  
Stanford T. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

Infants born to women who are asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers frequently acquire hepatitis B virus infection in infancy. The spectrum of disease in such affected infants includes mild transient acute hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriage, and, rarely, fulminant fatal hepatitis B. Recently, the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infantile acquisition of hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine may also be preventive in this setting. Three young infants, aged 8 to 16 weeks, who died of acute fulminant hepatitis were studied. In each instance, the mother was found, retrospectively, to be asymptomatic but HBsAg positive. One of these mothers was hepatitis B e-antigen-negative but hepatitis B e-antibody positive. All three babies were HBsAg positive; two who were tested for hepatitis B core antibody were positive. These three fatalities serve to dramatize both the importance of HBs Ag screening of pregnant women, particularly those with demographic factors that place them at increased risk for HBsAg carriage, as well as the significance of effective immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B in all offspring of women with HBsAg seropositivity.

scholarly journals Mapping of the Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S1 Domain Involved in Receptor Recognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 9786-9798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeneth Barrera ◽  
Bernadette Guerra ◽  
Lena Notvall ◽  
Robert E. Lanford
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Woolly Monkey ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) are primate hepadnaviruses that display restricted tissue and host tropisms. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) particles pseudotyped with HBV and WMHBV envelopes (HBV-HDV and WM-HDV) preferentially infect human and spider monkey hepatocytes, respectively, thereby confirming host range bias in vitro. The analysis of chimeric HBV and WMHBV large (L) envelope proteins suggests that the pre-S1 domain may comprise two regions that affect infectivity: one within the amino-terminal 40 amino acids of pre-S1 and one downstream of this region. In the present study, we further characterized the role of the amino terminus of pre-S1 in infectivity by examining the ability of synthetic peptides to competitively block HDV infection of primary human and spider monkey hepatocytes. A synthetic peptide representing the first 45 residues of the pre-S1 domain of the HBV L protein blocked infectivity of HBV-HDV and WM-HDV, with a requirement for myristylation of the amino terminal residue. Competition studies with truncated peptides suggested that pre-S1 residues 5 to 20 represent the minimal domain for inhibition of HDV infection and, thus, presumably represent the residues involved in virus-host receptor interaction. Recombinant pre-S1 proteins expressed in insect cells blocked infection with HBV-HDV and WM-HDV at a concentration of 1 nanomolar. The ability of short pre-S1 peptides to efficiently inhibit HDV infection suggests that they represent suitable ligands for identification of the HBV receptor and that a pre-S1 mimetic may represent a rational therapy for the treatment of HBV infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis D virus among HBsAg-positive individuals,2015-2016: Azar cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Pouri ◽  
Morteza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Babak Baiaz ◽  
Fatemeh Soghra Hamzavi ◽  
Behrouz Pourasghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection

Background: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA pathogen that requires the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for infection. Middle East countries are endemic areas for HDV infection. So, it is important to estimate the prevalence of HDV in these countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HDV in HBsAg positive patients participated in Azar cohort study, North-west of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, out of 4949 participants of the Azar cohort study, 51HBsAg positive patients were selected. Five participants did not consent to HDV testing. The presence of anti-HDV IgG was checked in 46 patients (13 chronic hepatitis B and 33 inactive chronic hepatitis B) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The serum level of liver enzymes was measured and a questionnaire about risk factors was completed.Results: In this study, the mean age of HBsAg positive patients was 50.06 (SD 9.14) years and41.3% were female. Only one out of 46 patients was positive for HDV infection. Thus, the prevalence of HDV infection among hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients was 2.17% (95% CI: 0.1-11.5). The positive anti-HDV patient was in the inactive chronic hepatitis B state and she had a history of hospitalization and dental procedures. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg positive patients was 2.1% that was lower than the reported prevalence in many other regions of Iran. Health policymakers and healthcare providers should design coherent and orderly epidemiological studies for planning and monitoring HDV infection.

P.029 Two decades of hepatitis B infections among drug users in Amsterdam: are they still a high-risk group?

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S23
Author(s):  
R. van Houdt ◽  
C.H.S.B. Berg ◽  
I.G. Stolte ◽  
S.M. Bruisten ◽  
N.H.T.M. Dukers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group

scholarly journals Protein-Peptide Arrays for Detection of Specific Anti-Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Genotype 1, 6, and 8 Antibodies among HDV-Infected Patients by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Bernadette Villiers ◽  
Jean-Claude Cortay ◽  
Sandra Cortès ◽  
Bénédicte Bloquel ◽  
Ségolène Brichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Hdv Genotype

Liver diseases linked to hepatitis B-hepatitis D virus co- or superinfections are more severe than those during hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. The diagnosis of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection therefore remains crucial in monitoring patients but is often overlooked. To integrate HDV markers into high-throughput viral hepatitis diagnostics, we studied the binding of anti-HDV antibodies (Abs) using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). We focused on the ubiquitous HDV genotype 1 (HDV1) and the more uncommon African-HDV6 and HDV8 genotypes to define an array with recombinant proteins or peptides. Full-length and truncated small hepatitis D antigen (S-HDAg) recombinant proteins of HDV genotype 1 (HDV1) and 11 HDV peptides of HDV1, 6, and 8, representing various portions of the delta antigen were grafted onto biochips, allowing SPRi measurements to be made. Sixteen to 17 serum samples from patients infected with different HDV genotypes were injected onto protein and peptide chips. In all, Abs against HDV proteins and/or peptides were detected in 16 out of 17 infected patients (94.12%), although the amplitude of the SPR signal varied. The amino-terminal part of the protein was poorly immunogenic, while epitope 65-80, exposed on the viral ribonucleoprotein, may be immunodominant, as 9 patient samples led to a specific SPR signal on peptide 65 type 1 (65#1), independently of the infecting genotype. In this pilot study, we confirmed that HDV infection screening based on the reactivity of patient Abs against carefully chosen HDV peptides and/or proteins can be included in a syndrome-based viral hepatitis diagnostic assay. The preliminary results indicated that SPRi studying direct physical HDAg–anti-HDV Ab interactions was more convenient using linear peptide epitopes than full-length S-HDAg proteins, due to the regeneration process, and may represent an innovative approach for a hepatitis syndrome–viral etiology-exploring array.

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