scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence for internalized representations of canonical finger-number gestures and their facilitating effects on adults’ math verification performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian C. G. van den Berg ◽  
Peter de Weerd ◽  
Lisa M. Jonkman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Verification Task ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractFingers facilitate number learning and arithmetic processing in early childhood. The current study investigated whether images of early-learned, culturally-typical (canonical), finger montring patterns presenting smaller (2,3,4) or larger (7,8,9) quantities still facilitate adults’ performance and neural processing in a math verification task. Twenty-eight adults verified solutions to simple addition problems that were shown in the form of canonical or non-canonical finger-number montring patterns while measuring Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Results showed more accurate and faster sum verification when sum solutions were shown by canonical (versus non-canonical) finger patterns. Canonical finger montring patterns 2–4 led to faster responses independent of whether they presented correct or incorrect sum solutions and elicited an enhanced early right-parietal P2p response, whereas canonical configurations 7–9 only facilitated performance in correct sum solution trials without evoking P2p effects. The later central-parietal P3 was enhanced to all canonical finger patterns irrespective of numerical range. These combined results provide behavioral and brain evidence for canonical cardinal finger patterns still having facilitating effects on adults’ number processing. They further suggest that finger montring configurations of numbers 2–4 have stronger internalized associations with other magnitude representations, possibly established through their mediating role in the developmental phase in which children acquire the numerical meaning of the first four number symbols.

scholarly journals Behavioral and event-related-brain potential evidence for facilitating effects of canonical finger-number configurations on young adult’s number processing in a Math verification task.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian C. G. van den Berg ◽  
Peter De Weerd ◽  
Lisa M. Jonkman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Verification Task ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Simple Addition

Fingers facilitate number learning and arithmetic processing in early childhood. The current study investigated whether images of early-learned, culturally-typical (canonical), finger patterns presenting smaller (2,3,4) or larger (6,7,9) quantities still facilitate adults’ performance and neural processing in a math verification task. Twenty-eight adults verified solutions to simple addition problems that were shown in the form of canonical or non-canonical finger-number patterns while measuring Event-Related brain Potentials. Results showed more accurate and faster sum verification when sum solutions were shown by canonical (versus non-canonical) finger patterns. Canonical finger patterns 2-4 led to faster responses independent of whether they presented correct or incorrect sum solutions and elicited an enhanced early right-parietal P2 response, whereas canonical configurations 6-9 only facilitated performance in correct sum solution trials without evoking P2 effects. The later central-parietal P3 was enhanced to all canonical finger patterns irrespective of numerical range. These combined results provide behavioral and brain evidence for canonical cardinal finger patterns still having facilitating effects on adults’ number processing. They further suggest that finger configurations 2-4 have stronger internalized associations with other magnitude representations, possibly established through their mediating role in the developmental phase of acquisition of the numerical meaning of the first four number symbols.

Gender and number processing in Chinese learners of Spanish – Evidence from Event Related Potentials

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gillon Dowens ◽  
Taomei Guo ◽  
Jingjing Guo ◽  
Horacio Barber ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals The Influence of Subclinical Neck Pain on Neurophysiological and Behavioral Measures of Multisensory Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Karellas ◽  
Paul Yielder ◽  
James J. Burkitt ◽  
Heather S. McCracken ◽  
Bernadette A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Related Potentials

Multisensory integration (MSI) is necessary for the efficient execution of many everyday tasks. Alterations in sensorimotor integration (SMI) have been observed in individuals with subclinical neck pain (SCNP). Altered audiovisual MSI has previously been demonstrated in this population using performance measures, such as reaction time. However, neurophysiological techniques have not been combined with performance measures in the SCNP population to determine differences in neural processing that may contribute to these behavioral characteristics. Electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs) have been successfully used in recent MSI studies to show differences in neural processing between different clinical populations. This study combined behavioral and ERP measures to characterize MSI differences between healthy and SCNP groups. EEG was recorded as 24 participants performed 8 blocks of a simple reaction time (RT) MSI task, with each block consisting of 34 auditory (A), visual (V), and audiovisual (AV) trials. Participants responded to the stimuli by pressing a response key. Both groups responded fastest to the AV condition. The healthy group demonstrated significantly faster RTs for the AV and V conditions. There were significant group differences in neural activity from 100–140 ms post-stimulus onset, with the control group demonstrating greater MSI. Differences in brain activity and RT between individuals with SCNP and a control group indicate neurophysiological alterations in how individuals with SCNP process audiovisual stimuli. This suggests that SCNP alters MSI. This study presents novel EEG findings that demonstrate MSI differences in a group of individuals with SCNP.

scholarly journals Expressive Timing Facilitates the Neural Processing of Phrase Boundaries in Music: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e55150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Istók ◽  
Anders Friberg ◽  
Minna Huotilainen ◽  
Mari Tervaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Effects of minimal grouping on implicit prejudice, infrahumanization, and neural processing despite orthogonal social categorizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Simon ◽  
Jennifer N. Gutsell
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Implicit Prejudice

Racial prejudice is a pervasive and pernicious form of intergroup bias. However, a mounting number of studies show that recategorization—even into minimal groups—can overcome the typical consequences of racial and other group classifications. We tested the effects of minimal grouping on implicit prejudice and infrahumanization using a paradigm in which race was orthogonal to group membership. This allowed us to examine whether knowledge of group membership overrides obvious category differences. We found that participants infrahumanized and showed implicit bias toward the minimal outgroup, despite the cross-cutting presence of race, and in fact did not show any of the usual implicit racial bias. In addition, event-related potentials (ERPs) showed an early race effect followed by distinct reactions on the basis of group as processing continued. This is evidence that arbitrary social classifications can engender ingroup preference even in the presence of orthogonal, visually salient categorizations.

scholarly journals Gradual development of non-adjacent dependency learning during early childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Paul ◽  
Claudia Männel ◽  
Anne van der Kant ◽  
Jutta L. Mueller ◽  
Barbara Höhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
List Type ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Syntactic Relations

AbstractIn order to become proficient native speakers, children have to learn the grammatical rules of their language. These grammatical rules can define morpho-syntactic relations between neighboring as well as distant elements of a sentence, so-called non-adjacent dependencies (NADs). Previous neurophysiological research suggests that NAD learning comprises different developmental stages during early childhood. Children up to 2 years of age show evidence of associative NAD learning under passive listening conditions, while children starting around the age of 3 to 4 years fail to show learning under passive listening, similarly to the pattern observed in adults. To test whether the transition between these developmental stages occurs in a gradual manner, we tested young children’s NADlearning in a foreign language using event-related potentials (ERPs). We found ERP evidence of NAD learning across the age of 1 to 3 years. However, the amplitude of the ERP effect indexing NAD learning decreased linearly with increasing age. These findings indicatea gradual transition in children’s ability to learn NADs associatively under passive listening during early childhood. Cognitively, this transition might be driven by children’s increasing morpho-syntactic knowledge in their native language, hindering NAD learning in novel linguistic contexts during passive listening. Neuroanatomically, changes in brain structure might play a crucial role, especially the maturation of the prefrontal cortex, which promotes top-down learning, as opposed to bottom-up, associative learning. In sum, our study provides evidence that NAD learning under passive listening conditions undergoes a gradual transition between different developmental stages during early childhood.Research HighlightsTransition between different developmental stages of non-adjacent dependency learning during early childhood evidenced by event-related brain potentialsChildren between 1 and 3 years of age showed learning of non-adjacent dependencies in a foreign language during passive listeningBrain responses revealed associative non-adjacent dependency learning across the tested age range, triggered by passive listeningGradual decrease of the strength of associative non-adjacent dependency learning, during early childhood

scholarly journals Moral identity relates to the neural processing of third-party moral behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pletti ◽  
Jean Decety ◽  
Markus Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Moral Identity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract Moral identity, or moral self, is the degree to which being moral is important to a person’s self-concept. It is hypothesized to be the `missing link’ between moral judgment and moral action. However, its cognitive and psychophysiological mechanisms are still subject to debate. In this study, we used event-related potentials to examine whether the moral self-concept is related to how people process prosocial and antisocial actions. To this end, participants’ implicit and explicit moral self-concept were assessed. We examined whether individual differences in moral identity relate to differences in early, automatic processes [i.e. Early Posterior Negativity (EPN), N2] or late, cognitively controlled processes (i.e. late positive potential) while observing prosocial and antisocial situations. Results show that a higher implicit moral self was related to a lower EPN amplitude for prosocial scenarios. In addition, an enhanced explicit moral self was related to a lower N2 amplitude for prosocial scenarios. The findings demonstrate that the moral self affects the neural processing of morally relevant stimuli during third-party evaluations. They support theoretical considerations that the moral self already affects (early) processing of moral information.

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