scholarly journals The genes crucial to carotenoid metabolism under elevated CO2 levels in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Song ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Leiping Hou ◽  
Meilan Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Missed Opportunity

AbstractThe CO2 saturation point can reach as high as 1819 μmol· mol−1 in carrot (Daucus carota L.). In recent years, carrot has been cultivated in out-of-season greenhouses, but the molecular mechanism of CO2 enrichment has been ignored, and this is a missed opportunity to gain a comprehensive understanding of this important process. In this study, it was found that CO2 enrichment increased the aboveground and belowground biomasses and greatly increased the carotenoid contents. Twenty genes related to carotenoids were discovered in 482 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq.). These genes were involved in either carotenoid biosynthesis or the composition of the photosystem membrane proteins, most of which were upregulated. We suspected that these genes were directly related to quality improvement and increases in biomass under CO2 enrichment in carrot. As such, β-carotene hydroxylase activity in carotenoid metabolism and the expression levels of coded genes were determined and analysed, and the results were consistent with the observed change in carotenoid content. These results illustrate the molecular mechanism by which the increase in carotenoid content after CO2 enrichment leads to the improvement of quality and biological yield. Our findings have important theoretical and practical significance.

scholarly journals Illumina® Sequencing Reveals Candidate Genes of Carotenoid Metabolism in Three Pummelo Cultivars (Citrus Maxima) with Different Pulp Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-Cui Jiang ◽  
Yan-Fang Zhang ◽  
Yan-Jin Lin ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xin-Kun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Citrus Maxima

Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of important fruit trees, which belongs to Citrus species. The fruits of different pummelo cultivars have different colors and differ in the contents of carotenoid. Our results clearly showed that ‘Huangjinmiyou’ (HJMY) has the highest content of β-carotene, followed by ‘Hongroumiyou’ (HRMY) and ‘Guanximiyou’ (GXMY). Lycopene is dominantly accumulated in HRMY. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh is not fully understood. In this study, we used the RNA-Seq technique to investigate the candidate genes of carotenoid metabolism in the flesh of pummelo cv. GXMY and its mutants HRMY and HJMY in three development periods of fruit. After data assembly and bioinformatic analysis, a total of 357 genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were isolated, of which 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Among these 12 DEGs, phytoene synthase (PSY2), lycopene β-cyclase (LYCB2), lycopene Ɛ-cyclase (LYCE), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD4), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED2), aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3), and ABA 8′-hydroxylases (CYP707A1) are the most distinct DEGs in three pummelo cultivars. The co-expression analysis revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors such as bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC and WRKY are highly correlated with DEGs, which are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the expression patterns of 22 DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results are highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results. Our results provide a global vision of transcriptomic profile among three pummelo cultivars with different pulp colors. These results would be beneficial to further study the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh and help the breeding of citrus with high carotenoid content.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Biochemical Analysis of Perianths and Coronas Reveal Flower Color Formation in Narcissus pseudonarcissus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Dongqin Tang ◽  
Hui Du ◽  
Yimin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Β Carotene

Narcissus pseudonarcissus is an important bulbous plant with white or yellow perianths and light yellow to orange-red coronas, but little is known regarding the biochemical and molecular basis related to flower color polymorphisms. To investigate the mechanism of color formation, RNA-Seq of flower of two widely cultured cultivars (‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’) with different flower color was performed. A total of 84,463 unigenes were generated from the perianths and coronas. By parallel metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in N. pseudonarcissus. The results showed that the content of carotenoids in the corona was higher than that in the perianth in both cultivars. Accordingly, phytoene synthase (PSY) transcripts have a higher abundance in the coronas than that in perianths. While the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, like GGPPS, PSY, and LCY-e, were not significantly different between two cultivars. In contrast, the carotenoid degradation gene NpCCD4 was highly expressed in white-perianth cultivars, but was hardly detected in yellow-perianth cultivars. Silencing of NpCCD4 resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid accumulation, especially in all-trans-β-carotene. Therefore, we presume that NpCCD4 is a crucial factor that causes the low carotenoid content and color fading phenomenon of ‘Slim Whitman’ by mediating carotenoid turnover. Our findings provide mass RNA-seq data and new insights into carotenoid metabolism in N. pseudonarcissus.

scholarly journals Changes in Fruit pigment accumulation, chloroplast development, and Transcriptome analysis in the CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Stay-green 1 (slsgr1) Mutant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Ma ◽  
Ni Zeng ◽  
Ke Cheng ◽  
Jinyan Li ◽  
Keru Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Brown Color

Abstract The tomato fruit of green-flesh (gf) mutant ripen to a muddy brown color and has been demonstrated previously to be a loss-of-function mutant. Here, we provide more evidence to support this view that SlSGR1 involved in color change in ripening tomato fruits. Knocking out SlSGR1 expression using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 genome editing strategy showed obviously a muddy brown color with significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content compared with WT fruits. To further verify the role of SlSGR1 in fruit color change, we performed RNA-seq analysis, where a total of 354 differentially expressed genes (124/230 down-/upregulated) were identified between WT and slsgr1. Additionally, the expression of numerous genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast function changed significantly when SlSGR1 was knocked out. Taken together, these results indicate that SlSGR1 is involved color change in ripening fruit via chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals 034 Independence of the Reduced Pigment (rp) Gene and the Y and Y2 Loci in Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 447A-447
Author(s):  
Azumi Tozuka ◽  
N. Breitback ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Separate Locus ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Pigment Biosynthesis

Five genes, including alleles at Y, Y1 and Y2, and the alleles I and IO, have been implicated in conditioning carrot root color. Various combinations of these alleles can condition white, yellow, and orange xylem and phloem color in carrot roots. The recently discovered reduced pigment gene, designated rp, conditions pale orange xylem and phloem and reduces carotenoid content by 92%. To determine if the rp gene is an allele of a previously described locus or a separate locus involved in pigment biosynthesis, we crossed rprp plants to plants with yellow phloem and yellow xylem (yellow/yellow) and to plants with purple phloem and yellow xylem (purple/yellow). We generated BC1 and F2 progenies for evaluation of segregation data. The expected genotype of plants with yellow xylem was yyY2Y2RPRP and the expected genotype of plants carrying rp was yyy2y2rprp. More than 1900 individual plants were evaluated for root color in 38 matings. In F2 progenies resulting from crosses of rprp × yellow/yellow, segregation data from 19 out of 20 families fit expected 12:3:1 (yellow: orange: rprp) or 15:1 (orange: non-orange) ratios (P < 0.001) indicating independence of the rp gene. In addition, 12 out of 16 families of F2 progenies from the cross between purple/yellow plants and rprp plants fit expected 12:3:1 (yellow: orange: rprp) ratios (P < 0.001) for a 2-gene model. These data support the hypothesis that the rp gene is independent and not linked to Y and Y2 genes.

scholarly journals Identification of transcription factor genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrot (Daucus carota L.) using RNA-Seq

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyako Kodama ◽  
Henrik Brinch-Pedersen ◽  
Shrikant Sharma ◽  
Inger Bæksted Holme ◽  
Bjarne Joernsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Underwater shockwave pretreatment process for improving carotenoid content and yield of extracted carrot ( Daucus carota L.) juice

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yasuda ◽  
Eisuke Kuraya ◽  
Akiko Touyama ◽  
Osamu Higa ◽  
Kazuyuki Hokamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Daucus Carota L

scholarly journals 440 A Comparative Study on Flavor and Nutritional Attributes of `BetaSweet' Maroon Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 520C-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Lazcano ◽  
L.M. Pike ◽  
K.S. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Terpenoids ◽  
Low Levels

A new designer carrot, `BetaSweet', with high levels of anthocyanin, betacarotene, and crispy texture was developed by the Vegetable Improvement Center at Texas A&M Univ. The new carrot contained low levels of low-volatile terpenoids, responsible for the harsh flavor in carrots and high levels of reducing sugars. Carotenoid content increased with carrot maturity and stabilize at 120 days after sowing for orange and maroon genotypes; however, the maroon genotype was 35% higher than the orange cultivar. Anthocyanin, a cancer preventive compound and not detected in ordinary orange carrots, is present in `BetaSweet' maroon carrot with 89.8 mg·100 g-1 of fresh weight. High percentage of soluble solids and succulence in the maroon cultivar seemed to contribute to the favored sweetness perception by consumers. A consumer taste panel showed a significant difference between orange and maroon genotype for sweetness, texture, and overall carrot flavor.

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