Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel

Volume 1: Advances in Solar Buildings and Conservation; Climate Control and the Environment; Alternate Fuels and Infrastructure; ARPA-E; Combined Energy Cycles, CHP, CCHP, and Smart Grids; Concentrating Solar Power; Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Geothermal Energy, Harvesting, Ocean Energy and Other Emerging Technologies; Hydrogen Energy Technologies; Low/Zero Emission Power Plants and Carbon Sequestration; Micro and Nano Technology Applications and Materials ◽

10.1115/es2015-49563 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Shwe Sin Win ◽

Swati Hegde ◽

Thomas A. Trabold

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Value Added ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Institute Of Technology

Crude (i.e., unrefined) glycerol is the major by-product of biodiesel production, based on the homogeneous alkaline catalytic transesterification reaction. Currently, global biodiesel production capacity has been rising rapidly due to the overall growth of renewable energy demand. The amount of glycerol is increasing in parallel, and there is presently little market value for crude glycerol. In addition, disposing of this material via conventional methods becomes one of the major environmental issues and a burden for biodiesel manufacturers. Thus, utilization of purified glycerol in value-added applications such as food processing, cosmetics, soap and pharmaceuticals is critical to achieve economic scale of biodiesel production. In this paper, various pathways available to community-based biodiesel producers have been modeled to inform the decision-making process. A case study at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was selected to evaluate the proposed system. Different pathways of utilizing crude glycerol were investigated, and economic feasibility of each pathway was analyzed. Purification of crude glycerol from waste cooking oil-based-biodiesel production was performed at small bench scale. Various recipes with different raw materials and purified glycerol as an ingredient were created for different kinds of saponification processes and applications. The resulting data from this preliminary assessment showed that producing biodiesel and high-quality soap is the most profitable option for RIT.

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Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8090373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mattia Bartoli ◽

Chengyong Zhu ◽

Michael Chae ◽

David Bressler

Keyword(s):

Weight Ratio ◽

Value Added ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Thermal Hydrolysis ◽

Process Economics ◽

Air Stream ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

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Economic feasibility of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in the UAE

Sustainable Cities and Society ◽

10.1016/j.scs.2016.06.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 217-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mohammed Noorul Hussain ◽

Tala Al Samad ◽

Isam Janajreh

Keyword(s):

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil

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Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil Using Red Mud as Heterogeneous Catalyst

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 991 ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Arif Hidayat ◽

Galih Kholifatu Roziq ◽

Faiz Muhammad ◽

Winarto Kurniawan ◽

Hirofumi Hinode

Keyword(s):

Red Mud ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis

The problem associated with biodiesel production is economic feasibility. The biodiesel cost will reduce when the low cost feedstock was used as feedstock. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a promising candidate as raw material for biodiesel synthesis. In this study, the investigation of biodiesel synthesis from UCO was studied using red mud as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst was prepared by impregnating Potassium metals on red mud. The catalyst physico-characteristics were determined using Nitrogen gas adsorption, FT-IR, XRD, and XRF. The catalyst was tested to synthesize biodiesel from UCO. The reaction temperatures, methanol to oil mass ratio, and amount of catalyst were varied to examine their effects on biodiesel synthesis. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 60°C of reaction temperature, 10:1 of methanol to oil mass ratio, and 10% of catalyst amount. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.4% was obtained.

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Utilization of lipid-extracted biomass (LEB) to improve the economic feasibility of biodiesel production from green microalgae

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 325-338

Author(s):

Sabrina Marie Desjardins ◽

Corey Alfred Laamanen ◽

Nathan Basiliko ◽

John Ashley Scott

Keyword(s):

Lipid Extraction ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Value Added ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Green Microalgae ◽

Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽

Anthropogenic Carbon ◽

Additional Value

Photosynthetic green microalgae are eukaryotic microorganisms that can mitigate anthropogenic carbon dioxide and generate lipids as a feedstock for production of biodiesel. Biodiesel production may not, however, compete economically with fossil fuel sourced diesel, but obtaining additional value from the biomass left after lipid extraction has the potential to help make the overall process more cost-effective. This review focuses on these additional value-added options that obtain and utilize either whole lipid-extracted biomass (LEB), which typically constitutes 60%–70% of total cell mass, or specific non-biodiesel lipid components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

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Bioconversions of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol into Sugar Alcohols by Newly Isolated Wild-Type Yarrowia lipolytica Strains

Reactions ◽

10.3390/reactions2040032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 499-513

Author(s):

Eleni-Stavroula Vastaroucha ◽

Sofia Maina ◽

Savvoula Michou ◽

Ourania Kalantzi ◽

Chrysanthi Pateraki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Ph Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

Conversion Yield ◽

Ph Values ◽

Mannitol Production

The utilization of crude glycerol, generated as a by-product from the biodiesel production process, for the production of high value-added products represents an opportunity to overcome the negative impact of low glycerol prices in the biodiesel industry. In this study, the biochemical behavior of Yarrowia lipolytica strains FMCC Y-74 and FMCC Y-75 was investigated using glycerol as a carbon source. Initially, the effect of pH value (3.0–7.0) was examined to produce polyols, intracellular lipids, and polysaccharides. At low pH values (initial pH 3.0–5.0), significant mannitol production was recorded. The highest mannitol production (19.64 g L−1) was obtained by Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 at pH = 3.0. At pH values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, intracellular polysaccharides synthesis was favored, while polyols production was suppressed. Subsequently, the effect of crude glycerol and its concentration on polyols production was studied. Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 showed high tolerance to impurities of crude glycerol. Initial substrate concentrations influence polyols production and distribution with a metabolic shift toward erythritol production being observed when the initial glycerol concentration (Gly0) increased. The highest total polyols production (=56.64 g L−1) was obtained at Gly0 adjusted to ≈120 g L−1. The highest polyols conversion yield (0.59 g g−1) and productivity (4.36 g L−1 d−1) were reached at Gly0 = 80 g L−1. In fed-batch intermittent fermentation with glycerol concentration remaining ≤60 g L−1, the metabolism was shifted toward mannitol biosynthesis, which was the main polyol produced in significant quantities (=36.84 g L−1) with a corresponding conversion yield of 0.51 g g−1.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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