scholarly journals Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Chengyong Zhu ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
David Bressler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

scholarly journals Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Najjar ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Nidal Zabermawi ◽  
Saber H. Saber ◽  
Leena H. Bajrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

Purification of Eucalyptus globulus water prehydrolyzates using the HiTAC process (high-temperature adsorption on activated charcoal)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sabrina Gütsch ◽  
Herbert Sixta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Charcoal Adsorption ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The implementation of biorefinery concepts into existing pulp and paper mills is a key step for a sustainable utilization of the natural resource wood. Water prehydrolysis of wood is an interesting process for the recovery of xylo-oligosaccharides and derivatives thereof, while at the same time cellulose is preserved to a large extent for subsequent dissolving pulp production. The recovery of value-added products out of autohydrolyzates is frequently hindered by extensive lignin precipitation, especially at high temperatures. In this study, a new high-temperature adsorption process (HiTAC process) was developed, where lignin is removed directly after the autohydrolysis, which enables further processing of the autohydrolyzates. The suitability of activated charcoals as a selective adsorbent for lignin under process-relevant conditions (150 and 170°C) has not been considered up to now, because former experiments showed decreasing efficiency of charcoal adsorption of lignin with increasing temperature in the range 20–80°C. In contrast to these results, we demonstrated that the adsorption of lignin at 170°C directly after autohydrolysis is even more efficient than after cooling the hydrolyzate to room temperature. The formation of lignin precipitation and incrustations can thus be efficiently prevented by the HiTAC process. The carbohydrates in the autohydrolysis liquor remain unaffected over a wide charcoal concentration range and can be further processed to yield valuable products.

scholarly journals Valorization of Biodiesel Byproduct Crude Glycerol for the Production of Bioenergy and Biochemicals

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niravkumar Mahendrasinh Kosamia ◽  
Mahdieh Samavi ◽  
Bijaya Kumar Uprety ◽  
Sudip Kumar Rakshit
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Lipid ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Value Added Products

The rapid growth of global biodiesel production requires simultaneous effective utilization of glycerol obtained as a by-product of the transesterification process. Accumulation of the byproduct glycerol from biodiesel industries can lead to considerable environment issues. Hence, there is extensive research focus on the transformation of crude glycerol into value-added products. This paper makes an overview of the nature of crude glycerol and ongoing research on its conversion to value-added products. Both chemical and biological routes of glycerol valorization will be presented. Details of crude glycerol conversion into microbial lipid and subsequent products will also be highlighted.

Utilization of lipid-extracted biomass (LEB) to improve the economic feasibility of biodiesel production from green microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Sabrina Marie Desjardins ◽  
Corey Alfred Laamanen ◽  
Nathan Basiliko ◽  
John Ashley Scott
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Additional Value

Photosynthetic green microalgae are eukaryotic microorganisms that can mitigate anthropogenic carbon dioxide and generate lipids as a feedstock for production of biodiesel. Biodiesel production may not, however, compete economically with fossil fuel sourced diesel, but obtaining additional value from the biomass left after lipid extraction has the potential to help make the overall process more cost-effective. This review focuses on these additional value-added options that obtain and utilize either whole lipid-extracted biomass (LEB), which typically constitutes 60%–70% of total cell mass, or specific non-biodiesel lipid components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

scholarly journals A Novel Biodiesel and Glycerol Carbonate Production Plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghi T. Nguyen ◽  
Yaşar Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Value Added Products

Crude glycerol is the byproduct of biodiesel production plant and the economic value of glycerol may affect the profitability of the biodiesel production plant. As the production rate of bioglycerol increases, its market values drop considerably. Therefore, conversion of bioglycerol into value-added products can reduce the overall cost, hence, leading to a more economical biodiesel production plant. In a direct carboxylation reaction, CO2 reacts with glycerol to produce glycerol carbonate and water. This study presents a direct comparison of the economic analysis of the conventional biodiesel production plant and the possible next generation biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production plant. At the end of 15-year project, the net present value of the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production plant is $13.21 million higher than the conventional biodiesel plant. The stochastic model has predicted that the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate and conventional biodiesel production plants has about 30% and 63% chance of getting negative net present value, respectively. Heterogeneous catalyst, Ca3La1, is used for transesterification reaction to reduce separation steps in the biodiesel production process.

scholarly journals Opportunities Surrounding the Use of Sargassum Biomass as Precursor of Biogas, Bioethanol, and Biodiesel Production

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gabriel Orozco-González ◽  
Fernando Amador-Castro ◽  
Angela R. Gordillo-Sierra ◽  
Tomás García-Cayuela ◽  
Hal S. Alper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multiple Value ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Value Added Products

Climate change (along with other factors) has caused an increase in the proliferation of brown algal mats floating freely along the Atlantic Ocean since 2011. These brown algae mats are composed of sea plants from the Sargassum genus. The gargantuan agglomeration of biomass flows alongside currents and lands in beaches belonging to the Eastern coasts of the Mexican Caribbean and several other countries in the region. These events, dubbed golden tides, harm the local economy and environment. Current elimination approaches involve the mechanical harvesting of the Sargassum and ultimate landfill disposal. However, explorations into the commercial application of other brown algae have elucidated the potential of Sargassum as a feedstock for valorization. This review informs the trends, challenges, and opportunities presented by the coastal invasion of this biomass. Primarily, the potential use of this material is as a precursor in biorefineries where multiple value-added products are generated concurrent with the ultimate production of biofuels.

scholarly journals Catalytic Processes from Biomass-Derived Hexoses and Pentoses: A Recent Literature Overview

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Esteban ◽  
Pedro Yustos ◽  
Miguel Ladero
Keyword(s):  
Process Intensification ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
The Earth ◽  
In Series ◽  
Catalytic Processes ◽  
Good Substitute ◽  
Value Added Products

Biomass is a plentiful renewable source of energy, food, feed and chemicals. It fixes about 1–2% of the solar energy received by the Earth through photosynthesis in both terrestrial and aquatic plants like macro- and microalgae. As fossil resources deplete, biomass appears a good complement and eventually a good substitute feedstock, but still needs the development of relatively new catalytic processes. For this purpose, catalytic transformations, whether alone or combined with thermal ones and separation operations, have been under study in recent years. Catalytic biorefineries are based on dehydration-hydrations, hydrogenations, oxidations, epimerizations, isomerizations, aldol condensations and other reactions to obtain a plethora of chemicals, including alcohols, ketones, furans and acids, as well as materials such as polycarbonates. Nevertheless, there is still a need for higher selectivity, stability, and regenerability of catalysts and of process intensification by a wise combination of operations, either in-series or combined (one-pot), to reach economic feasibility. Here we present a literature survey of the latest developments for obtaining value-added products using hexoses and pentoses derived from lignocellulosic material, as well as algae as a source of carbohydrates for subsequent transformations.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Glycerol Etherification Over Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Aguado-Deblas ◽  
Rafael Estevez ◽  
Marco Russo ◽  
Valeria La Parola ◽  
Felipa M. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Structure Properties

Glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production. For this reason, its valorization into value-added products, by using green procedures, represents an important goal. Different sulfonic acid silica- or titania-based catalysts were prepared, characterized and tested in the glycerol etherification process, assisted by microwaves, in order to obtain biodiesel additives. The surface and structural properties of the catalysts were investigated by means of N2 adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and acid capacity measurements by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). The best performance in terms of activity was achieved in the presence of the sulfonic function directly linked to the amorphous silica. By the correlation of the structure properties of the materials and their activity, the performance of the catalysts was shown to be influenced mainly by the surface area, pore volume and acidity. Recycling experiments performed over the most active systems showed that the sulfonic silica-based materials maintained their performance during several cycles.

scholarly journals Cryo-Mechanical Treatment and Hydrometallurgical Process for Recycling Li-MnO2 Primary Batteries with the Direct Production of LiMnPO4 Nanoparticles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Giorgio Schiavi ◽  
Flavia Carla dos Santos Martins Padoan ◽  
Pietro Altimari ◽  
Francesca Pagnanelli
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Simultaneous Production ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Value Added Products

In this work, an innovative hydrometallurgical recycling route for the recovery of all the materials composing Li-MnO2 primary batteries was proposed. End-of-life batteries were mechanically treated in an innovative pilot plant where a cryogenic crushing was performed. The mechanical treatment allowed for the release of the electrodic powder contained in the batteries with the simultaneous recovery of 44 kg of steel and 18 kg of plastics from 100 kg of batteries. Electrodic powder was employed as the raw material for the synthesis of LiMnPO4 nanoparticles. To obtain the synthesis precursors, selective sequential leaching of Li and Mn was performed. Li was extracted via water washing the electrodic powder and Li2CO3 and a purity of 99% was recovered. The black mass containing Mn oxides was leached using phosphoric acid, which gave a Mn-bearing precursor solution that was directly used for the hydrothermal synthesis of LiMnPO4 nanoparticles. A preliminary materials balance of the process was presented, indicating that the proposed process should be an easy hydrometallurgical route for the recycling of primary lithium batteries. In addition, the simultaneous production of high-value-added products that could be reintroduced into the battery manufacturing chain could ensure the economic feasibility of the process.

scholarly journals Isolated Microorganisms for Bioconversion of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol Into 1,3-Propanediol

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura MITREA ◽  
Lavinia Florina CĂLINOIU ◽  
Gabriela PRECUP ◽  
Maria BINDEA ◽  
Bogdan RUSU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Raw Glycerol ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Microbial Development ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Value Added Products

During biodiesel production, massive amounts of raw glycerol are created generating an environmental issue and the same time an increase of biodiesel production cost at the same time. This raw glycerol could be converted by specific strains into value-added products, like 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), an important monomer used in the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters.The present work is based on recent scientific articles and experimental studies on the targeted topic, namely on the use of bacterial strains for bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into valuable products, like 1,3-PD. Concentrations, yields and productivity of 1,3-PD are presented for various bacterial strains. Important results as respects the microbial bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into 1,3-PD were registered for strains like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus diolivorans.From this study can be concluded that waste glycerol may be used as a nutrient source for microbial development and the production of 1,3-propanediol with high concentrations and yields.

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