Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil Using Red Mud as Heterogeneous Catalyst

The problem associated with biodiesel production is economic feasibility. The biodiesel cost will reduce when the low cost feedstock was used as feedstock. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a promising candidate as raw material for biodiesel synthesis. In this study, the investigation of biodiesel synthesis from UCO was studied using red mud as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst was prepared by impregnating Potassium metals on red mud. The catalyst physico-characteristics were determined using Nitrogen gas adsorption, FT-IR, XRD, and XRF. The catalyst was tested to synthesize biodiesel from UCO. The reaction temperatures, methanol to oil mass ratio, and amount of catalyst were varied to examine their effects on biodiesel synthesis. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 60°C of reaction temperature, 10:1 of methanol to oil mass ratio, and 10% of catalyst amount. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.4% was obtained.

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Indonesia Natural Zeolite as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.872.91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 872 ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

Bachrun Sutrisno ◽

Alif Muhammad ◽

Zikriani Genta ◽

Arif Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Natural Zeolite ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Low Cost ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Catalyst Amount ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis

The problem associated with biodiesel production is economic feasibility. The biodiesel cost will reduce when the low cost feedstock was used. Kapok seed oil (KSO) is a promising candidate as raw material for biodiesel synthesis. In this research, the investigation of biodiesel synthesis from KSO was studied using Indonesia Natural Zeolite as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst was tested to synthesize biodiesel from KSO. The reaction temperatures, KSO to methanol mole ratio, and catalyst amount were varied to examine their effects on biodiesel synthesis. The highest biodiesel yield of 84% were obtained at 65°C of reaction temperature, 1:16 of KSO to methanol mole ratio, and 10% of catalyst amount.

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KRITERIA RUMAH MAKAN SUPPLIER MINYAK JELANTAH DALAM RANGKA PERENCANAAN BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL

Jurnal Agro Fabrica ◽

10.47199/jaf.v1i1.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

D.U.M. Susilo ◽

Th. Candra Wasis A.S. ◽

Zakwan .

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

A Value ◽

Many Sources ◽

The City

The using of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly fuel has received attention from consumers to producers. So, a lot of research was done on the potential raw material to become biodiesel. One of the raw materials for biodiesel was waste cooking oil. Pontianak City have many sources including waste cooking oil from restaurants. Therefore restaurants in the city of Pontianak might be used as suppliers of waste cooking oil in biodiesel production. This study aims to determine the priority of criteria and sub-criteria for restaurants as suppliers and determine good restaurants as suppliers of used cooking in Pontianak City . Purposive technique sampling using a sample of 61 house dining, interviewed to obtain alternative data suppliers. Expert survey questionnaire contains priority weighting of criteria and supplier criteria, analyzed using AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ). Grouping of restaurants based on alternative supplier values is used to determine good restaurants to be suppliers. The priority criteria for restaurants as consecutive suppliers are experience (0.289), quality (0.279), capacity (0.231), service (0.148) and price (0.053). Sub-criteria priority of restaurants as suppliers in a row is the time span of used cooking oil sold(0.161), length of time used cooking oil (0.155), income (0.129), type of cooking oil (0.107), type of fried food products (0.092), volume of cooking oil (0.090), frying volume (0.085), transaction convenience (0.082), subject to used cooking oil (0.056), used cooking oil price (0.030) and ease of payment (0.013). A value of ≥ 0.325 is a dining value that shows a very better priority as a supplier. The number of restaurants as suppliers is 8 % of the population of restaurants in the city of Pontianak..

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Comparison of Novozyme 435 and Purolite D5081 as heterogeneous catalysts for the pretreatment of used cooking oil for biodiesel production

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.056 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 186-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kathleen F. Haigh ◽

Sumaiya Z. Abidin ◽

Goran T. Vladisavljević ◽

Basudeb Saha

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Novozyme 435

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Study of the production of biodiesel by enzymatic and chemical processes from used cooking oil

Aibi revista de investigación, administración e ingeniería ◽

10.15649/2346030x.566 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Camilo Acevedo-Páez ◽

Néstor Andres Urbina-Suárez ◽

Astrid Zuleima Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽

Luis Carlos Becerra-Orozco

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Acid Number ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Enzymatic Transesterification ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Esterification

The biodiesel production was analyzed by chemical and enzymatic processes, from used cooking oil (UCO), evaluating the quality and yield of the product obtained in each method. For the chemical process, an acid esterification followed by a basic transesterification was developed, (reaction temperature: 60 °C, oil:methanol 1:6 molar ratio, concentration of KOH catalyst: 1% w/w reaction times: 55 and 70 min); and enzymatic transesterification (temperature: 38 °C, oil:methanol 1:3 molar ratio, enzyme concentration lipase XX 25 split liquid: 5%, reaction times: 3 and 6 hours). Physicochemical properties (i.e. density, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, fatty acid profile, percentage of acidity, peroxides index and saponification) of the raw material were determined. Results showed the presence of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%). The highest yield obtained was from the chemical transesterification under the conditions of 60 °C, 1% KOH and 70 min with a conversion percentage of 96.15% and an acid number of 1.33 mmKOH/g, compared to the enzymatic transesterification which registered a high acid number of 6.91 mmKOH/g and conversion percentage of 48.81% under the conditions of 38 °C, 5% of enzyme lipase and 3 hours.

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Edukasi Jelantah sebagai Sumber Energi pada Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Petir, Bogor

Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.29244/agrokreatif.7.3.193-200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 193-200

Author(s):

Dyah Wulandani ◽

Leopold Oscar Nelwan ◽

Dwi Setyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Local Site ◽

Water Ecosystems ◽

Simple Technology ◽

Very High

Jelantah is the used cooking oil. After being used more than three times for frying, the oil will be oxidized by ambient air, and dangerous free radical compounds are formed. Consuming of jelantah in certain amounts, can trigger diseases such as blockage of blood vessels, cancer and nervous disorders. In addition, jelantah discharged into the drains will cause blockage of drains and kill water ecosystems. However, jelantah can be used as an energy source and other products that have economic value. The purpose of this activity is to provide education for groups of housewives in Babakan Gang Salak, Petir Village, Bogor Regency regarding the dangers and benefits of jelantah, introducing simple technology of biodiesel production. The methods used include questionnaires, training and monitoring. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd trainings were held with different participants in the same location. The the participants’ enthusiasm and local site leaders was very high and they wished training for a wider range of participants. The training has been conducted successfully, which was showed that most of the participants could increase their skills and knowledge about the dangers and benefits of jelantah is biodiesel production. This knowledge is supposed to be applied in everyday life by not consuming jelantah for frying food, but it is used as a raw material for biodiesel production.

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An Overview of Metal-organic Frameworks-based Acid/Base Catalysts for Biofuel Synthesis

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272824999200726230556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (16) ◽

pp. 1876-1891

Author(s):

Qiuyun Zhang ◽

Yutao Zhang ◽

Jingsong Cheng ◽

Hu Li ◽

Peihua Ma

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Supported Catalysts ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Flexible Structures ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Framework

Biofuel synthesis is of great significance for producing alternative fuels. Among the developed catalytic materials, the metal-organic framework-based hybrids used as acidic, basic, or supported catalysts play major roles in the biodiesel production. This paper presents a timely and comprehensive review of recent developments on the design and preparation of metal-organic frameworks-based catalysts used for biodiesel synthesis from various oil feedstocks, including MILs-based catalysts, ZIFs-based catalysts, UiO-based catalysts, Cu-BTC-based catalysts, and MOFs-derived porous catalysts. Due to their unique and flexible structures, excellent thermal and hydrothermal stability, and tunable host-guest interactions, as compared with other heterogeneous catalysts, metal-organic framework-based catalysts have good opportunities for application in the production of biodiesel at industrial scale.

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Synthesis and characterization of coal fly ash supported zinc oxide catalyst for biodiesel production using used cooking oil as feed

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

pp. 302-314

Author(s):

Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽

Aman K. Bhonsle ◽

Jayati Trivedi ◽

Dinesh P. Bangwal ◽

Lok P. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Oxide Catalyst ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil

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Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3703

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Wei-Ting Lin ◽

Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Acid Value ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Two Stage ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Stage Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

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Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93023-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azhar Najjar ◽

Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽

Nidal Zabermawi ◽

Saber H. Saber ◽

Leena H. Bajrai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Energy Content ◽

Value Added ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽

Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

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