scholarly journals Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Zhang ◽  
Yi Han Lau ◽  
Yu Meng Wang ◽  
Ka Wai Kam ◽  
Patrick Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Family History ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

AbstractThe study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Amblyopia among Refractive Errors in an Eastern European Population

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mocanu ◽  
Raluca Horhat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Toxic Environment ◽  
History Of

Background and objective: Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children and adults and is very common during childhood. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the risk factors of amblyopia in a pediatric population with refractive errors from an Eastern European country. Materials and methods: A total of 1231 children aged 5–16 years, who had refractive errors and were examined from January to August 2017, were enrolled in a cross-sectional population-based study. Every child underwent a complete ophthalmological exam. Amblyopia was defined as a visual acuity (VA) of less than 0.63. The study respected the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS) criteria for defining amblyopia (MEPEDS, 2008). Parents participated in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire contained details about their family history of amblyopia; the child’s maternal nutritional status in the preconception period; their history of maternal smoking or work in a toxic environment; the child’s birth, and the child’s history of congenital naso-lacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Results: Amblyopia was identified in 2.8% of the participants. The ocular conditions hyperopia (p = 0.0079), astigmatism (p = 0.046), anisometropia (p < 0.001), esotropia (p < 0.001), exotropia (p = 0.0195), and CNLDO (p < 0.001), as well as a family history of amblyopia (p < 0.001), were associated with amblyopia. The non-ocular risk factors for amblyopia that were found in the study included low birth weight (p < 0.0009), prematurity (p < 0.001), an Apgar score under 7 (p = 0.0008), maternal age, maternal smoking history or work in toxic environment (p < 0.001), and maternal body mass index in the preconception period (p < 0.003). Conclusions: Some of the risk factors we identified for amblyopia are modifiable factors. This is an important observation as an adequate health education program can provide the relevant information for future mothers that will allow for a better management of the condition. We also wanted to highlight the need for amblyopia screening starting from the age of 3 years in case of significant parental refractive errors, strabismus, prematurity, and maternal risk factors.

Contribution of prenatal factors and in formation of asthma phenotypes in children (part I)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila A Zhelenina ◽  
Anna N Galustyan ◽  
Natalya B Platonova ◽  
Mariya V Kuropatenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

Results of the prospective study conducted to assess the perinatal risk factors contribution in the asthma phenotypes formation in childhood are presented. Of 712 children, which have been observed from the first wheezing onset in St Petersburg’s state ambulances, 238 children with bronchial asthma developed in later years of life were included in random sample. Bronchial asthma proceeded in the structure of atopic disease in 128 children (phenotype ABA), and as the part of the limited allergic lesion of respiratory tract - in 110 children (phenotype RBA). It was found that bronchial asthma in mother, especially mother’s asthma with the early age onset, pregnancy pathology and maternal Smoking during pregnancy are the most significant risk factors which contribute in formation of ABA asthma phenotype. Maternal Smoking during pregnancy increased the frequency of severe asthma with ABA phenotype in the offspring during next years of their life. Clinically, the ABA phenotype is characterized by more frequent debut at the age of 1 year and usually diagnosed before 7 years of age, the presence of food sensitization in 70-90 % of cases, and a high level of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Such triggers as the Cesarean delivery, absence of the breastfeeding and exposure to tobacco products in the first years of life are the most significant risk factors in formation of the RBA asthma phenotype. The absence of allergic diseases in both parents or allergic ллерголог in mothers, later age debut and diagnosis of asthma, extremely low frequency of food sensibilization (less than 15 %), high frequency of hyperresponsivity, and low frequency of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, exceeds the norm in 2 times are the typical features of RBA asthma phenotype.

scholarly journals The interaction of sociodemographic risk factors and measures of nicotine dependence in predicting maternal smoking during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Houston-Ludlam ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Julia D. Grant ◽  
Mary Waldron ◽  
Pamela A.F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Abstract 1528: Gender Differences In The Effect Of Traditional Cardiac Risk Factors On Age At Presentation With Stemi

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Herzog ◽  
Thomas Aversano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Family History ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Artery Disease

For coronary artery disease (CAD), female gender is ’protective’, so that women typically present with clinically apparent CAD a decade later than men. We examined the extent to which traditional cardiovascular risk factor influence the age at presentation with STEMI in men and women. The Cardiovascular Patient Outcomes Research Team (C-PORT) primary PCI registry includes 7197 patients (5070 males and 2109 females) who presented with STEMI at 33 participating hospitals. The table below depicts the average age at presentation with STEMI in males and females with and without diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, a family history of coronary artery disease and smoking history (current or former). The effect of smoking, family history and hypertension on age at presentation remained significant in multivariate analysis in both men and women. In both males and females, a family history of CAD and a positive smoking history are associated with presentation with STEMI at a younger age. Both have a greater effect in females. This is particularly true of smoking with lowers the age of presentation by 9 years in women, compared with 3.8 years in men. Male and female patients with a history of hypertension are older at presentation with STEMI, perhaps because the anti-ischemic effects of anti-hypertensive medications. We conclude that while the effect of most traditional risk factors for CAD on age at presentation with STEMI are similar in men and women, smoking lowers the age at presentation to a much greater degree in women. In women who do not smoke, STEMI is delayed for a decade or more compared to men; for women who do, the protective effect of female gender is nearly obliterated.

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Interval Colorectal Advanced Adenomas after Negative Index Colonoscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibin Dong ◽  
Yutang Ren ◽  
Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Pathological Grade ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Adenomas

Abstract Objectives Interval colorectal advanced adenoma (I-CRAA) carries insidious risk of interval colorectal cancer (I-CRC). The study aims to determine the frequency of I-CRAA after negative colonoscopy and discover the characteristics and the risk factors.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the information of the patients undergoing colonoscopy in the endoscopic center (2015-2019). Frequency of I-CRAA was calculated. The clinical features of I-CRAA were compared with sporadic colorectal advanced adenoma (Sp-CRAA). Results The frequency of I-CRAA was 0.71% (112/15759) per colonoscopy. I-CRAA was more likely to be located in the proximal colon (65.2% vs 34.8%, p<0.05) and has high pathological grade (5.4% vs 1.6%, p<0.05). Diabetes, family history of CRC, smoking, alcohol intake and diverticulosis are risk factors for I-CRAA（p<0.05）. Excellent bowel preparation (OR 3.727; 95% CI 2.425–5.73, p<0.001) and higher adenoma detection rate (OR 1.924; 95% CI 1.153–3.21, p = 0.012) are helpful for the detection of I-CRAA. I-CRAA found within 1 year other than 2 or 3 years after the initial colonoscopy were usually found by an endoscopist with higher ADR.Conclusions I-CRAA is usually located in the proximal colon and has high pathological grade. Diabetes, diverticulosis, smoking history, alcohol intake, and family history of CRC are the risk factors. Its occurrence is more related to low-quality colonoscopy, especially within one year.

Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy Is Associated with Offspring Hypodontia

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Al-Ani ◽  
J.S. Antoun ◽  
W.M. Thomson ◽  
T.R. Merriman ◽  
M. Farella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Study Designs

Little is known about environmental risk factors for hypodontia. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hypodontia and common environmental risk factors, such as maternal smoking and alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Eighty-nine hypodontia cases with 1 or more missing permanent lateral incisors and/or 1 or more missing premolars were enrolled in this clinic-based case-control study. Some 253 controls with no missing teeth were frequency matched to cases by age and sex. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs. Sociodemographic data were collected from both the participants and their mothers, with maternal self-reported active and passive smoking, as well as alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy, assessed by a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with logistic regression to assess the strength of association between risk factors and hypodontia. OR estimates were then adjusted for possible confounders, such as maternal age at delivery, sex and gestational age of the child, and household socioeconomic background. Significant associations were found between hypodontia and maternal cigarette use during pregnancy, as well as the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The consumption of 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy was associated with greater odds of having a child with hypodontia (adjusted OR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.48–11.80; P = 0.007). Observed associations between hypodontia, second-hand smoke, and alcohol and caffeine consumption were not statistically significant. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with hypodontia. Larger samples and prospective observational study designs, however, are needed to investigate this association further.

scholarly journals 454. Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Skin Infection Hospitalisation in Western Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S223-S223
Author(s):  
Rosanne Barnes ◽  
Asha C Bowen ◽  
Roz Walker ◽  
Steven Y C Tong ◽  
Jodie McVernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Western Australian

Abstract Background Hospitalisation with skin infection in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal children is common, with the highest rates in infants and children from remote WA. We aimed to quantify infant, maternal, and sociodemographic risk factors for skin infection hospitalization in WA children, focusing on Aboriginal children aged <17 years. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study with linked perinatal and hospitalization data on WA-born children (1996–2012), of whom 31,348 (6.7%) were Aboriginal. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for perinatal factors attributed to the first hospitalization with skin infection. To identify specific risk factors for early-onset infection, we further restricted the cohort to infants aged <1 year. Results Overall, 5,439 (17.4%) Aboriginal and 6,750 (1.5%) non-Aboriginal children were hospitalized at least once with a skin infection. Aboriginal infants aged <1 year had the highest skin infection hospitalization rate (63.2/1,000 child-years). The strongest risk factors in Aboriginal children aged <17 years were socio-economic disadvantage, very remote location at birth and multi-parity (≥3 previous pregnancies) accounting for 24%, 23% and 15% of skin infection hospitalizations, respectively. Other risk factors included maternal age <20 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birthweight. Conclusion We have quantified the relative influence of perinatal risk factors associated with skin infection hospitalizations in WA children, providing measures indicating which factors have the potential to reduce the most hospitalizations. Our evidence supports existing calls for substantial government investment in addressing underlying social and environmental barriers to healthy skin in WA Aboriginal children but also identifies potential areas to target health promotion messaging at individuals/families on maternal smoking during pregnancy and skin hygiene for families. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Lessa Horta ◽  
Denise P. Gigante ◽  
Aydin Nazmi ◽  
Vera Maria F. Silveira ◽  
Isabel Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
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