scholarly journals The first dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Hami Pterosaur Fauna, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Kamila L. N. Bandeira ◽  
Rui Qiu ◽  
Shunxing Jiang ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Concave Surface ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous Hami Pterosaur Fauna in Northwest China preserves a large number of specimens of the sexually dimorphic pteranodontoid pterosaur Hamipterus tianshanensis, including 3D eggs and embryos. During the last decade, several more fossils have been collected in this area, including three somphospondylan sauropod specimens. The first is Silutitan sinensis gen. et sp. nov., which consists of an articulated middle to posterior cervical vertebrae series. The second, Hamititan xinjiangensis gen. et sp. nov., consists of an incomplete articulated caudal sequence that could be assigned to lithostrotian titanosaurs based on the strongly procoelous caudal vertebrae with lateral concave surface, as well as marked ventrolateral ridges. The third specimen consists of four sacral vertebral elements, apparently unfused, with exposed camellate internal bone and regarded as somphospondylan. Cladistic analyses based on different datasets recovered Silutitan sinensis as an euhelopodid closely related to Euhelopus and Hamititan xinjiangensis as a titanosaur. Besides the pterosaur Hamipterus and one theropod tooth, these dinosaurs are the first vertebrates reported in this region, increasing the diversity of the fauna as well as the information on Chinese sauropods, further supporting a widespread diversification of somphospondylans during the Early Cretaceous of Asia.

Ordosemys leios, n.gen., n.sp., a new turtle from the Early Cretaceous of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2128-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Brinkman ◽  
Jiang-Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
The Ordos Basin

Ordosemys leios, n.gen., n.sp., from the Early Cretaceous Luohandong Formation, Zhidan Group, Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, is a primitive aquatic turtle with a reduced, fenestrated plastron. It shares with the members of the Centrocryptodira the presence of well-formed articular surfaces on the cervical and caudal vertebrae. Within the Centrocryptodira, characters of the cervical vertebrae suggest it is more closely related to the Polycryptodira than is the Meiolaniidae. Ordosemys shares with the Chelydridae the presence of two procoelous anterior caudals, but this character may be primitive for the Polycryptodira. Characters of the basicranial region of the braincase shared by Ordosemys and the Chelonioidea support a sister-group relationship between these two taxa, but a sister-group relationship between Ordosemys and the Polycryptodira is more strongly supported by characters shared by the Chelonioidea and other members of the Polycryptodira.

scholarly journals Anatomo-radiographic description of the axial skeleton of the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 01-03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína D. Barisson ◽  
Cristiane H. Louro ◽  
Sheila J.T. Dias ◽  
Flávio S. Jojima ◽  
Murilo S. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

The aim of this study was to describe the axial skeleton of a wild Brazilian carnivorous, the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Five specimens of crab-eating fox were previously unfrozen for radiographic exams and their bones went through dissection and chemical maceration. This animal presents seven cervical vertebrae, and from the third on, they become shorter and wider than the other ones e the spinous process was makeable from the fifth cervical vertebrae on. There are thirteen thoracic vertebrae and the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae, which are seven, decreases from the fifth on. The sacrum is formed by two vertebrae and there are twenty or twenty one caudal vertebrae. It can be concluded that the crab-eating fox axial skeleton is similar to that of the domestic dog.

scholarly journals Discovery of Lebambromyia in Myanmar Cretaceous Amber: Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications (Insecta, Diptera, Phoroidea)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Davide Badano ◽  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
Michela Fratini ◽  
Laura Maugeri ◽  
Inna Bukreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
First Record ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

Lebambromyia sacculifera sp. nov. is described from Late Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, integrating traditional observation techniques and X-ray phase contrast microtomography. Lebambromyia sacculifera is the second species of Lebambromyia after L. acrai Grimaldi and Cumming, described from Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous), and the first record of this taxon from Myanmar amber, considerably extending the temporal and geographic range of this genus. The new specimen bears a previously undetected set of phylogenetically relevant characters such as a postpedicel sacculus and a prominent clypeus, which are shared with Ironomyiidae and Eumuscomorpha. Our cladistic analyses confirmed that Lebambromyia represented a distinct monophyletic lineage related to Platypezidae and Ironomyiidae, though its affinities are strongly influenced by the interpretation and coding of the enigmatic set of features characterizing these fossil flies.

Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Wills ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The taxonomy ofHomopholis C.E.Hubb. is revised, and anew genus Whalleya K.E.Wills & J.J.Bruhl isdescribed. Relationships among the known species ofHomopholis (H. belsonii C.E.Hubb.,H. proluta F.Muell., and a putative species,H. sp. nov.), and the relationships betweenHomopholis and other genera within the Paniceae were investigated. Morphological and anatomical data forHomopholis and selected species ofDigitaria and Panicum were analysed phenetically and cladistically. The value and contribution ofcharacters to the findings were assessed. In the phenetic analyses, threedistinct clusters of species were formed. The first cluster includedDigitaria coenicola (F.Muell.) Hughes,D. divaricatissima (R.Br.) Hughes andD. papposa (R.Br.) P.Beauv.; the second,Panicum effusum R.Br.,P. queenslandicum Domin var.queenslandicum and P. simileDomin; and the third, H. sp. nov.,H. proluta, H. belsonii andP. subxerophilum Domin. Specimens ofH. belsonii noticeably separated from the other threespecies. For the cladistic analyses, species ofEntolasia and Thyridolepis were used as outgroup taxa. One most parsimonious tree was produced.Homopholis belsonii was well supported as the most basalmember of the ingroup. The three species ofDigitariaformed a well-supported clade.Panicum effusum, P. queenslandicumvar. queenslandicum and P. simileformed a well-supported clade, and were the sister group toEntolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes andE. stricta (R.Br.) Hughes.Panicum subxerophilum was in a clade (=Whalleya) with H. sp. nov. andH. proluta, with P. subxerophilumand H. proluta as sister species.

scholarly journals A new wing skeleton of <i>Forfexopterus</i> (Pterosauria: Ctenochasmatidae) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota reveals a developmental variation

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Chang-Fu Zhou ◽  
Jiahao Wang ◽  
Ziheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
The Third

Abstract. In the Jehol Biota, the filter-feeding ctenochasmatid pterosaurs flourished with a high biodiversity. Here, we report a new wing skeleton of the ctenochasmatid Forfexopterus from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang, western Liaoning, China. The specimen exhibits the sole autapomorphy, the first wing phalanx shorter than the second and longer than the third. Interestingly, it exhibits a skeletal maturity with co-ossified elements, but it is only about 75 % the size of the immature holotype. This discrepancy reveals developmental variation of Forfexopterus, but its relationship with sexual dimorphism needs to be certain by more available material.

scholarly journals Insight on the anatomy, systematic relationships, and age of the Early Cretaceous ankylopollexian dinosaur Dakotadon lakotaensis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint A Boyd ◽  
Darrin C Pagnac
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Dorsal Vertebra ◽  
The Past ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Preparation Work ◽  
Extensive Deformation

Knowledge regarding the early evolution within the dinosaurian clade Ankylopollexia drastically increased over the past two decades, in part because of an increase in described taxa from the Early Cretaceous of North America. These advances motivated the recent completion of extensive preparation and conservation work on the holotype and only known specimen of Dakotadon lakotaensis, a basal ankylopollexian from the Lakota Formation of South Dakota. That specimen (SDSM 8656) preserves a partial skull, lower jaws, a single dorsal vertebra, and two caudal vertebrae. That new preparation work exposed several bones not included in the original description and revealed that other bones were previously misidentified. The presence of extensive deformation in areas of the skull is also noted that influenced inaccuracies in prior descriptions and reconstructions of this taxon. In addition to providing an extensive re-description of D. lakotaensis, this study reviews previously proposed diagnoses for this taxon, identifies two autapomorphies, and provides an extensive differential diagnosis. Dakotadon lakotaensis is distinct from the only other ankylopollexian taxon known from the Lakota Formation, Osmakasaurus depressus, in the presence of two prominent, anteroposteriorly oriented ridges on the ventral surfaces of the caudal vertebrae, the only overlapping material preserved between these taxa. The systematic relationships of D. lakotaensis are evaluated using both the parsimony and posterior probability optimality criteria, with both sets of analyses recovering D. lakotaensis as a non-hadrosauriform ankylopollexian that is more closely related to taxa from the Early Cretaceous (e.g., Iguanacolossus, Hippodraco, and Theiophytalia) than to more basally situated taxa from the Jurassic (e.g., Camptosaurus, Uteodon). This taxonomic work is supplemented by field work that relocated the type locality, confirming its provenance from unit L2 (lower Fuson Member equivalent) of the Lakota Formation. Those data, combined with recently revised ages for the members of the Lakota Formation based on charophyte and ostracod biostratigraphy, constrain the age of this taxon to the late Valanginian to early Barremian.

CREEPING SURFACE LONGITUDINAL ACOUSTIC WAVE: MAIN PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
V. G. Shevaldykin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Angle ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Ultrasonic Signal ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Concave Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Third ◽  
Creeping Wave

Creeping ultrasonic waves have long been successfully used for flaw detection of near-surface and near-bottom zones of metal products. However, due to the fact that the creeping wave generates a lateral transverse wave directed into the metal volume at the third critical angle, it is also possible to test internal defects in principle. At known velocities of propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves in the metal, the third critical angle is easily calculated. Therefore, the time of propagation of the ultrasonic signal along any trajectory between points on the surface and in the volume of the metal can be calculated. Usually, creeping waves are used to test products of plane-parallel shape. There are no cases of their application on curved surfaces in the literature. It is possible that the creeping wave can also propagate over a concave surface. The aim of the article is to test experimentally new ways of using creeping waves. The propagation trajectories of the creeping and lateral transverse waves were studied on a steel plate. The time of passage of the ultrasonic signal along such trajectories of different lengths was measured, and the measurement results were compared with the calculated time values. The measured and calculated values coincided with accuracy sufficient for the coherent accumulation of echo signals that passed through the metal part of the path by the creeping wave and another part of the path by the lateral transverse wave.The propagation of the creeping wave over a concave surface was studied on a steel sample with cylindrical faces of different radii. As a result, it turned out that on a concave surface, the creeping wave propagates at the same speed of longitudinal waves as on a flat surface, but it decays much more strongly with distance. Studies have shown that creeping waves can be used in ultrasonic tomography, where a preliminary calculation of the propagation trajectories of ultrasonic signals is required. The propagation of creeping waves over concave surfaces extends the capabilities of the TOFD method to the area of intube testing

Spinal injury at the level of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae from football

1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Torg ◽  
RC Truex ◽  
J Marshall ◽  
VR Hodgson ◽  
TC Quedenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Third

The larynx

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cancer Spread ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi ◽  
Base Of The Tongue

The larynx, trachea and bronchi develop embryologically from the foregut in the form of an outpouching during the fourth week of gestation. The larynx bridges the gap from the base of the tongue above, to the trachea below lying within the hypopharynx. It sits in the neck spanning the distance from the third to sixth cervical vertebrae. It is a complex respiratory organ composed of a cartilage framework, ligaments, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and is lined by an epithelial mucous membrane continuous above with the pharynx and below with the trachea. Its primary function is protection of the lower respiratory tract against aspiration. It allows the generation of a high intrathoracic pressure required for coughing, straining and lifting (Valsalva manoeuvre) and phonation. The anatomy of the larynx can either be considered by its surgical division of the supraglottis, glottis and subglottis (these landmarks are important in the consideration of cancer spread).

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