scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the bronchoalveolar microbiome in Portuguese patients with different chronic lung disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Seixas ◽  
Allison R. Kolbe ◽  
Sílvia Gomes ◽  
Maria Sucena ◽  
Catarina Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractThe lung is inhabited by a diverse microbiome that originates from the oropharynx by a mechanism of micro-aspiration. Its bacterial biomass is usually low; however, this condition shifts in lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). These chronic lung disorders (CLD) may coexist in the same patient as comorbidities and share common risk factors, among which the microbiome is included. We characterized the microbiome of 106 bronchoalveolar lavages. Samples were initially subdivided into cancer and non-cancer and high-throughput sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, we used a cohort of 25 CLD patients where crossed comorbidities were excluded. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most prevalent phyla independently of the analyzed group. Streptococcus and Prevotella were associated with LC and Haemophilus was enhanced in COPD versus ILD. Although no significant discrepancies in microbial diversity were observed between cancer and non-cancer samples, statistical tests suggested a gradient across CLD where COPD and ILD displayed the highest and lowest alpha diversities, respectively. Moreover, COPD and ILD were separated in two clusters by the unweighted UniFrac distance (P value = 0.0068). Our results support the association of Streptoccocus and Prevotella with LC and of Haemophilus with COPD, and advocate for specific CLD signatures.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: features of pathogenesis, clinic and diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Tokmachev ◽  
M. S. Mukhortova ◽  
A. V. Budnevsky ◽  
E. V. Tokmachev ◽  
E. S. Ovsyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Common Risk Factors

This article discusses the epidemiology of chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CHF and COPD are characterized by high prevalence and high mortality, especially when they are combined. The article analyzes the general mechanisms of formation of these diseases: the relationship of COPD with cardiovascular diseases is explained by common risk factors, including smoking, physical inactivity, improper feeding and genetic predisposition. The leading role in the pathogenesis of pathologies is played by the activation and maintenance of systemic inflammation. Article presents the features of the clinical picture and the direction of the diagnostics in case of suspected combined pathology, the possibilities of modern laboratory and instrumental research methods. Diagnostics of comorbidity of CHF and COPD may be difficult, given the above common risk factors, some common pathogenesis mechanisms and similar clinical symptoms. However the caution regarding the comorbidity of the studied conditions, as well as a thorough clinical examination and the appointment of the necessary additional research methods, can reduce the number of diagnostic mistakes and improve the prognosis in such patients.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory continuum: general pathogenetic aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-880
Author(s):  
N. G. Poteshkina ◽  
Anastasiya A. Troshina ◽  
S. K. Adhzigaytkanova ◽  
A. Yu. Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

The XXI century brought new challenges to clinical medicine. According to several epidemiological studies, the combination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common comorbid condition, worsening the quality of life and prognosis. Such dualism of these nosologies is called "cardiorespiratory continuum. The recent worldwide trend is to ascribe common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms to cardiovascular disease and COPD bearing in mind the wide spread of smoking habits, obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The major common pathogenetic mechanisms include activation of RAAS, persistent systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. This article provides an overview of common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms in the patients presenting with a combination of CVD and COPD in the framework of a broader approach to diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy strategies needed to manage the comorbidity in question.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on Amoxicillin Susceptibility in Severe Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pierre Danneels ◽  
Maria Concetta Postorino ◽  
Alessio Strazzulla ◽  
Nabil Belfeki ◽  
Aurelia Pitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Over Time

Introduction. Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) pneumonia is on concern because resistance to amoxicillin is largely diffused. This study describes the evolution of resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) in Hi isolates and characteristics of patients with Hi severe pneumonia. Methods. A monocentric retrospective observational study including patients from 2008 to 2017 with severe pneumonia hospitalized in ICU. Evolution of amoxicillin and AMC susceptibility was showed. Characteristics of patients with Hi pneumonia were compared to characteristics of patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) pneumonia, as reference. Risk factors for amoxicillin resistance in Hi were investigated. Results. Overall, 113 patients with Hi and 132 with Sp pneumonia were included. The percentages of AMC resistance among Hi strains decreased over the years (from 10% in 2008-2009 to 0% in 2016-2017) while resistance to amoxicillin remained stable at 20%. Also, percentages of Sp resistant strains for amoxicillin decreased over years (from 25% to 3%). Patients with Hi pneumonia experienced higher prevalence of bronchitis (18% vs. 8%, p=0.02, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (43% vs. 30% p=0.03), HAP (18% vs. 7%, p=0.01, ventilator-associated pneumonia (27% vs. 17%, p=0.04, and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (8 days vs. 6 days, p=0.04) than patients with Sp pneumonia. Patients with Sp pneumonia had more frequently local complications than patients with Hi pneumonia (17% vs. 7%, p=0.03). De-escalation of antibiotics was more frequent in patients with Sp than in patients with Hi (67% vs. 53%, p=0.03). No risk factors were associated with amoxicillin resistance among patients with Hi pneumonia. Conclusions. Amoxicillin resistance was stable over time, but no risk factors were detected. AMC resistance was extremely low, suggesting that AMC could be used for empiric treatment of Hi pneumonia, as well as other molecules, namely, cephalosporins. Patients with Hi pneumonia had more pulmonary comorbidities and severe diseases than patients with Sp pneumonia.

RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

1977 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNICE H. COHEN ◽  
WILMOT C. BALL ◽  
SHIRLEY BRASHEARS ◽  
EARL L. DIAMOND ◽  
PAUL KREISS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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