scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory continuum: general pathogenetic aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-880
Author(s):  
N. G. Poteshkina ◽  
Anastasiya A. Troshina ◽  
S. K. Adhzigaytkanova ◽  
A. Yu. Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

The XXI century brought new challenges to clinical medicine. According to several epidemiological studies, the combination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common comorbid condition, worsening the quality of life and prognosis. Such dualism of these nosologies is called "cardiorespiratory continuum. The recent worldwide trend is to ascribe common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms to cardiovascular disease and COPD bearing in mind the wide spread of smoking habits, obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The major common pathogenetic mechanisms include activation of RAAS, persistent systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. This article provides an overview of common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms in the patients presenting with a combination of CVD and COPD in the framework of a broader approach to diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy strategies needed to manage the comorbidity in question.

Abstract 237: Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Transgender Persons in The United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Malhotra ◽  
Hal A Skopicki ◽  
Smadar Kort ◽  
Noelle Mann ◽  
Puja Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Transgender Persons

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and corresponding cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in transgender individuals. We sought to assess the prevalence of CV risk factors and CVD in transgender persons in the United States. Methods: The 2018 Centers for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey was utilized to identify a cohort of 1,038 transgender individuals in the United States. Presence of CVD was noted with a single affirmative response to the following questions: “Has a health care professional ever told you that you had any of the following:” (1) a heart attack or myocardial infarction, (2) angina or coronary heart disease, (3) a stroke? Results: Among the 1,038 transgender individuals studied, a total of 145 (14.0%) had CVD while 893 (86.0%) did not. No differences in prevalence of CVD was noted in transgender individuals who transitioned from male-to-female (n=387), female-to-male (n=400), and gender nonconforming status (n=251) (15.0% vs 13.8% vs 12.7%, p=0.72). Transgender individuals with CVD were older, had lower annual income, higher rates of smoking (28.4% vs 18.1%, p=0.004), and higher rates of multiple co-morbidities including asthma (26.6% vs 17.4%, p = 0.009), skin cancer (21.8% vs 5.0%, p <0.001), non-skin cancers (16.8% vs 6.8%, p <0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27.5% vs 7.0%, p <0.001), arthritis (65.3% vs 28.7%, p<0.001), depressive disorder (42.7% vs 31.0%, p= 0.006), chronic kidney disease (16.2% vs 3.3%, p< 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (42.0% vs 12.7%, p <0.001). No significant differences in race, health insurance status, or body mass index was noted between transgender individuals with CVD versus those without. In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of CVD in transgender individuals included older age, diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) 2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73 - 4.58], chronic kidney disease (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.80 - 7.57), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.19 - 3.99), and depressive disorder (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.09 - 3.03). Conclusions: In this observational contemporary study, CVD was prevalent in 14% of transgender individuals in the United States. Predictors of CVD in the transgender population exist and transgender persons should be appropriately screened for CV risk factors so as to minimize their risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: features of pathogenesis, clinic and diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Tokmachev ◽  
M. S. Mukhortova ◽  
A. V. Budnevsky ◽  
E. V. Tokmachev ◽  
E. S. Ovsyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Common Risk Factors

This article discusses the epidemiology of chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CHF and COPD are characterized by high prevalence and high mortality, especially when they are combined. The article analyzes the general mechanisms of formation of these diseases: the relationship of COPD with cardiovascular diseases is explained by common risk factors, including smoking, physical inactivity, improper feeding and genetic predisposition. The leading role in the pathogenesis of pathologies is played by the activation and maintenance of systemic inflammation. Article presents the features of the clinical picture and the direction of the diagnostics in case of suspected combined pathology, the possibilities of modern laboratory and instrumental research methods. Diagnostics of comorbidity of CHF and COPD may be difficult, given the above common risk factors, some common pathogenesis mechanisms and similar clinical symptoms. However the caution regarding the comorbidity of the studied conditions, as well as a thorough clinical examination and the appointment of the necessary additional research methods, can reduce the number of diagnostic mistakes and improve the prognosis in such patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatality of Cases by the New Coronavirus, in the Mexican State of Guanajuato: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza ◽  
Gilberto Flores-Vargas ◽  
Efraín Navarro-Olivos ◽  
María de Jesús Gallardo-Luna ◽  
Francisco Javier Magos-Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio

Aims: COVID-19 has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report of fatality of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, until October 2, 2020. Study Design:  Cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexican population from January until October 2, 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico. Methodology: Based on the National Epidemiological Surveillance System Database from Mexico was used in this study. Data were collected on age, sex, comorbidities (i.e., diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking), date of death, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase test results. Statistical analyses used were Case Fatality Ratio, Chi- squared test and P-value to show relationships among variables. Odds Ratio and confidence intervals at 95% were reported to show the effect of comorbidities on death due to COVID-19. Also, a Bayesian network model was fitted to assess the statistical dependence among risk factors, comorbidities, and death. Results: There were 100,109 suspected cases, of which 41.69% were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Being older than 60 and male had a higher effect on fatality by COVID-19. In Guanajuato state, 1,457 (48.68%) of deaths occurred in Mexican Institute of Social Security, with a case fatality ratio of 15.63%; meanwhile, in the Ministry of Health from Guanajuato State occurred 1,260 (42.10%) of the deaths with a case fatality ratio of 4.14%. Diabetes (OR 5.16, CI95% 4.77–5.59), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 6.34, CI95% 5.37–7.49), immunosuppression (OR 2.85, CI95% 2.17–3.76), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.20, CI95% 3.51–5.02), hypertension (OR 4.74, CI95% 4.39–5.11), chronic kidney disease (OR 6.27, CI95% 5.30–7.42), obesity (OR 1.87, CI95% 1.72–2.03), and smoking (OR 1.60, CI95% 1.41–1.81) had effect on death by COVID-19. Asthma had a preventive effect on death (OR=0.72, CI95% 0.54–0.97), but this effect is diluted after adjusting by sex and age. In all cases, age and sex, acted as confounder. Conclusion: Among the Guanajuato population with COVID-19, the main risk factor for dying were age and sex. However, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking are risk factors for dying. Although, comorbidities and risk factors are highly correlated.  HIV/AIDS has no effect on fatality from SARS-CoV-2 disease and whereas asthma shows to be a protective factor.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the bronchoalveolar microbiome in Portuguese patients with different chronic lung disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Seixas ◽  
Allison R. Kolbe ◽  
Sílvia Gomes ◽  
Maria Sucena ◽  
Catarina Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractThe lung is inhabited by a diverse microbiome that originates from the oropharynx by a mechanism of micro-aspiration. Its bacterial biomass is usually low; however, this condition shifts in lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). These chronic lung disorders (CLD) may coexist in the same patient as comorbidities and share common risk factors, among which the microbiome is included. We characterized the microbiome of 106 bronchoalveolar lavages. Samples were initially subdivided into cancer and non-cancer and high-throughput sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, we used a cohort of 25 CLD patients where crossed comorbidities were excluded. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most prevalent phyla independently of the analyzed group. Streptococcus and Prevotella were associated with LC and Haemophilus was enhanced in COPD versus ILD. Although no significant discrepancies in microbial diversity were observed between cancer and non-cancer samples, statistical tests suggested a gradient across CLD where COPD and ILD displayed the highest and lowest alpha diversities, respectively. Moreover, COPD and ILD were separated in two clusters by the unweighted UniFrac distance (P value = 0.0068). Our results support the association of Streptoccocus and Prevotella with LC and of Haemophilus with COPD, and advocate for specific CLD signatures.

scholarly journals Is Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, HIV/AIDS And Tuberculosis Pre-Disposing Risk Factors For Increased Infection By SARS-Cov-2 And/or Death From COVID-19? Preliminary Results and Implications for South-East Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Thavrin Manickum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
South East Asia

Aims: Early clinical data indicate that both the susceptibility to infection and the outcomes (e.g., death) of COVID-19 are strongly associated with pre-existing clinical conditions and diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). A preliminary epidemiological study, based on five months of diagnosed cases for COVID-19, for the beginning of the pandemic, January to 06 June 2020, was undertaken for the six major global regions: Europe, The Americas, Western Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and Africa, covering 173 infected countries. Methods: Pre-existing medical conditions that were considered to affect the number of infections by SARS-CoV-2 virus, and death by COVID-19 were the prevalence of CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB). A comparison was done to establish correlation, if any, between the prevalence of these four comorbid diseases and the observed number of COVID-19 cases (infections) and deaths, by Pearson correlation analysis Findings: The global prevalence of the four pre-existing diseases is: CVD (1 332,1 million, 17,2%) > DM (686,4 million, 8,9%) > HIV (37,9 million, 0,8%) > TB (6,2 million, 0,08%), and is ranked as follows per region (% of global): CVD: Western Pacific 29,05% > South-East Asia 26,26% > America 16,65% > Europe 14,32% > Eastern Mediterranean 8,32% > Africa 6,31%; DM: South East Asia : 27,32% > Western Pacific: 24,42% > Eastern Mediterranean: 15,51 > The Americas (14,94) > Europe: 9,08 > Africa: 8,73%; HIV : Africa (74,9) > The Americas (10,3) > Europe (6,6) > Western Pacific (5,4) > Eastern Mediterranean (1,5) > South-East Asia (1,30); TB : Africa (39,5%) > Western Pacific (31,0) > Eastern Mediterranean(13,1%) > South-East Asia (7,6%) > The Americas (4,7%) > Europe (4,1%). The most common comorbid conditions for COVID-19 patients are, in decreasing prevalence: CVD > DM > HPT > Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease > HIV > cerebrovascular disease/obesity > cancer/smoking/chronic kidney disease > TB. Within regions: for The Americas, there was a significant correlation between deaths due to underlying DM. Four regions had a significant correlation for underlying CVD: Europe: Infection due to CVD; Eastern Mediterranean: Infection due to CVD; South-East Asia: Deaths due to CVD and TB; Western Pacific: Deaths due to CVD; Africa: Infection due to HIV. Across regions: South-East Asia: ranked first as having a significant correlation for deaths due to CVD and TB, followed by Western Pacific: deaths due to CVD, Americas: deaths due to DM, Europe: infection due to CVD, Africa: infection due to HIV, and the Eastern Mediterranean: infection due to CVD. The global COVID-19 CFR, based on total deaths and cases, at 16 August 2020, is 3,58%. The approximate CFR for COVID-19 patients with comorbidity is: 10,6% ± 1,1 for CVD, 9,4% ± 5,6 for DM and 6,0% ± 0 for HPT. The South-East Asia region appeared to have a significant correlation, for all 4 co-morbid conditions, and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2, and deaths by COVID-19, in decreasing rank: deaths vs TB/CVD > deaths/cases vs DM > deaths vs HIV. Conclusions: The common global diseases (CVD, DM, HIV, TB) are also risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and deaths by COVID-19, in decreasing rank: CVD > DM > HIV > TB. Continents, and countries, with currently high proportional mortality due to non-communicable diseases, (CVD and DM), like South-East Asia, appear to be at higher risk for infection and death by COVID-19, compared to those with higher proportionality due to communicable diseases (HIV, TB), like Africa. The high number of case infections and death due to COVID-19 in the Western Cape appears to be similar to that for The Americas, where DM appears to be a significant comorbid condition.

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