scholarly journals Funneliformis mosseae inoculation under water deficit stress improves the yield and phytochemical characteristics of thyme in intercropping with soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Amani Machiani ◽  
Abdollah Javanmard ◽  
Mohammad Reza Morshedloo ◽  
Ahmad Aghaee ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Metabolites Production

AbstractIntercropping of medicinal plants/legumes along with bio-fertilizer application is a relatively new sustainable practice for improving the yield and secondary metabolites production. Here, a 2-years field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) application (as bio-fertilizer) on nutrients concentration, dry matter yield, essential oil quantity and quality of thyme in intercropping with soybean. Three irrigation levels, including (i) irrigation after depletion of 20% (I20) as non-stressed, 50% (I50) as moderate water deficit and 80% (I80) available water as severe water deficit were applied as the main factor. The sub-factor was represented by different cropping patterns including thyme sole culture, replacement intercrop ratio of 50:50 and 66:34 (soybean: thyme) and the third factor was non-usage (control) and usage of AMF. According to our results, the thyme dry yield under moderate and severe water deficit stress decreased by 35 and 44% in the first year, and by 27 and 40% in the second year compared with non-stressed (I20) plants, respectively. Also, the macro- and micro-nutrients of thyme leaves increased significantly in intercropping patterns after application of AMF. The maximum essential oil percentage of thyme was achieved in 50:50 intercropping ratio treated with AMF. Under moderate and severe water deficits, the major constituents of thyme essential oil including thymol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene were increased in intercropping patterns treated with AMF. Generally, AMF application in intercropping ratio of 50:50 may be proposed to farmers as an eco-friendly approach to achieve desirable essential oil quality and quantity in thyme under water deficit stress conditions.

scholarly journals Funneliformis Mosseae Application Under Water Deficit Stress Improves The Drug Yield And Phytochemical Characteristics of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in Intercropping With Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Amani Machiani ◽  
Abdollah Javanmard ◽  
Mohammad Reza Morshedloo ◽  
Ahmad Aghaee ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract Todays, there is a considerable demand in the global herbal market for thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and its related products such as extracts and essential oil (EO). In order to comply with this objective, an improvement of its cultivation area under water scarcity conditions is required. On this basis, a 2-year field experiment was performed with 18 treatments and three replications. Three irrigation levels, including i) irrigation after depletion of 20% (I20), 50% (I50) and 80 (I80) available water were applied as the first factor. The Second factor was different cropping patterns including thyme sole culture (Ts), soybean–thyme intercropping (in proportion of 50:50 and 66:34) and the third factor was non-usage (control) and usage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bio-fertilizer. According to our results, the thyme dry yield under moderate (I50) and severe water deficit stress (I80) decreased by 35 and 44% in the first year, and by 27 and 40% in the second year compared with non-stressed (I20) plants, respectively. Also, the macro- and micro-nutrients of thyme leaves increased significantly in intercropping patterns after application of AMF. The maximum EO percentage of thyme was achieved in 50:50 intercropping ratio and moderate water deficit (I50). The major constituents of thyme EO were thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, (E)-caryophyllene, carvacrol and myrcene. Interestingly, as the water deficit stress was intensified the content of thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene increased significantly. Generally, AMF application in intercropping ratio of 50:50 (soybean: thyme) may be proposed to farmers as an eco-friendly approach to achieve desirable EO quality and quantity in thyme under water deficit stress conditions.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Improves Capparis spinosa’s Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Photosynthetic Efficiency under Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bouskout ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Mohamed Najib Al Feddy ◽  
Hanane Dounas ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Agricultural yields are under constant jeopardy as climate change and abiotic pressures spread worldwide. Using rhizospheric microbes as biostimulants/biofertilizers is one of the best ways to improve agro-agriculture in the face of these things. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether a native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum (AMF-complex) might improve caper (Capparis spinosa) seedlings’ nutritional status, their morphological/growth performance and photosynthetic efficiency under water-deficit stress (WDS). Thus, caper plantlets inoculated with or without an AMF complex (+AMF and −AMF, respectively) were grown under three gradually increasing WDS regimes, i.e., 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity (FC). Overall, measurements of morphological traits, biomass production and nutrient uptake (particularly P, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) showed that mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increased these variables significantly, notably in moderate and severe WDS conditions. The increased WDS levels reduced the photochemical efficiency indices (Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo) in −AMF plants, while AMF-complex application significantly augmented these parameters. Furthermore, the photosynthetic pigments content was substantially higher in +AMF seedlings than −AMF controls at all the WDS levels. Favorably, at 25% FC, AMF-colonized plants produce approximately twice as many carotenoids as non-colonized ones. In conclusion, AMF inoculation seems to be a powerful eco-engineering strategy for improving the caper seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in harsh environments.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Eco-Agronomical Traits of Lallemantia Species Modulated Upon Exposed To Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nano Iron Chelate Fertilizers Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Paravar ◽  
Saeideh Maleki Farahani ◽  
Ali Reza Rezazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract Background: Application nano iron chelate and AMF fertilizer can increase plants' tolerance against water deficit stress. The main objectives of the current study were to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nano iron chelate fertilizer under drought stress on grain yield, leaf chlorophyll contents, root colonization, oil percentage, and fatty acids profile of Lallemantia species. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a complete randomized block design consisting of three factors of irrigation levels of 90 (I90), 60 (I60), and 30% (I30) depletion of available soil water (ASW)), fertilizer levels of control (no fertilizer), AMF inoculation, and nano iron chelate, and plant species of Lallemantia (L. iberica and L. royleana) at the Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, in 2018/2019. Results: The results showed that increasing water deficit stress significantly decreased the above traits while applying nano iron and AMF fertilizers significantly increased them across water treatments. AMF fertilizer inoculation significantly improved both species yield. Higher root colonization by AMF inoculation enhanced seed oil and fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, and Eicosenoic acid). In contrast, applying nano iron chelate by increasing chlorophyll content in any irrigation regime could enhance seed oil and some fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid. Conclusions: Water deficit stress and application of fertilizers had different effects on both species. L. iberica, compared to L. royleana, had the most tolerance to water deficit stress and the highest dependence on AMF inoculation. Overall, these results demonstrated that the application of AMF could improve major features of Lallemantia species under deficit irrigation conditions, especially at the I60 irrigation level.

Pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affects essential oil quality and the reproduction of root lesion nematode in Cymbopogon citratus

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-623
Author(s):  
Monique Thiara Rodrigues e Silva ◽  
Angélica Calandrelli ◽  
Angélica Miamoto ◽  
Luanna Karoline Rinaldi ◽  
Beatriz Pereira Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Lesion Nematode

scholarly journals Mechanisms for tolerance to water-deficit stress in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cristhian Fernández-Lizarazo ◽  
Liz Patricia Moreno-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stress Signal ◽  
Negative Effect

The expansion of areas affected by drought worldwide has a negative effect on yield and crops production, making water deficits the most significant abiotic stress that limits the growth and development of plants. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a strategy that mitigates the effects of this stress in a sustainable way, given the increase in the tolerance to water deficit stress in plants inoculated with these fungi; however, the exact mechanism is unknown because the response depends on the water-deficit stress type and is specific to the AMF and the plant. This review describes the mechanisms that explain how the AMF colonization of roots can modify the response of plants during a water deficit, as well as its relationship with physiological processes that determine yield, photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning. These mechanisms may include modifications in the content of plant hormones, such as strigolactones, jasmonic acid (JA) and absicic acid (ABA). The JA appears to be involved in the stress signal in mycorrhizal plants through an increase of ABA concentrations and, at the same time, ABA has a regulating effect on strigolactone concentrations. Also, there is improvement of plant water status, stomatal conductance, nutritional status and plant responses to cope with a water deficit, such as osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant activity. These modifications cause an increase in CO2 assimilation and photoassimilate production, improving plant growth during a drought.

scholarly journals Improving Resistance of Foeniculum Vulgare to Water Deficit Stress by Natural Regulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Farshad Sorkhi ◽  
Ramin Rostami ◽  
Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Severe Water Deficit

Abstract This research was conducted as a combined analysis with four replications in two years (2018 ‒ 2019). Treatments were irrigation up to 90%, 50%, and 20% field capacity (as normal irrigation, moderate and severe water deficit stresses, respectively) and foliar application of natural regulators (untreated as control, salicylic acid, spermidine, and methanol). Increasing water deficit stress was led to a significant increase in essential oil percentage and proline content and a significant decrease in yield parameters and seed yield. Most of the traits (except the percentage of essential oil) were affected by natural growth regulators. The highest seed yield (1,127.59 kg/ha), plant biomass (5,426.92 kg/ha), essential oil yield (22.67 kg/ha), and proline content (29.34 μmol/g fresh weight) were obtained in methanol treated plants under normal irrigation. However, the highest amount of these traits under moderate and severe water deficit was recorded for salicylic acid-treated plants. Therefore, foliar spray of methanol was a useful treatment for non-stress conditions, but, application of salicylic acid was the superior treatment for reducing the negative effects of water deficit stress on Foeniculum vulgare.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seed and Protein Yield under Water-Deficit Stress in Mung Bean

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagoob Habibzadeh ◽  
Alireza Pirzad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zardashti ◽  
Jalal Jalilian ◽  
Omid Eini
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress

scholarly journals Study of water deficit conditions and beneficial microbes on the oil quality and agronomic traits of canola (Brassica napus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
H. Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Oil Percentage

Water deficit stress is one of the major limiting factors that adversely affect plant growth and yield production. Some rhizosphere bacteria are known to promote plant growth in such stressful conditions. To study the response of quantifying canola growth, yield and yield components, to root colonization by two spe­cies of mycorrhizal fungi, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Zanjan University. The main plot conditions were irrigation at 85% (S1), 70% (S2) and 55% (S3) of field capacity which were defined as no stress, mild and severe stress. The subplot treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal inoculation: non inoculation (control), G. Mosseae and G. Intraradices. The results showed that regardless of water deficit stress, colonized plants produced more biomass, seed and oil yield than non inoculated plants. Water deficit stress reduced the RWC and oil percentage of the seeds, although mycorrhizal improved these traits. Water deficit strikingly decreased the linoleic acid content in the seeds in contrast with increased stearic, oleic, arachidic and linolenic acids in the canola seeds. The presence of bacteria increased the seed oil percentage, oleic and linoleic contents. However, it decreased arachidic, particularly when the plants were subjected to water deficit stress.

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