Deep graph neural network-based prediction of acute suicidal ideation in young adults

AbstractPrecise remote evaluation of both suicide risk and psychiatric disorders is critical for suicide prevention as well as for psychiatric well-being. Using questionnaires is an alternative to labor-intensive diagnostic interviews in a large general population, but previous models for predicting suicide attempts suffered from low sensitivity. We developed and validated a deep graph neural network model that increased the prediction sensitivity of suicide risk in young adults (n = 17,482 for training; n = 14,238 for testing) using multi-dimensional questionnaires and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks as the prediction target. The best model achieved a sensitivity of 76.3%, specificity of 83.4%, and an area under curve of 0.878 (95% confidence interval, 0.855–0.899). We demonstrated that multi-dimensional deep features covering depression, anxiety, resilience, self-esteem, and clinico-demographic information contribute to the prediction of suicidal ideation. Our model might be useful for the remote evaluation of suicide risk in the general population of young adults for specific situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Prediction of acute suicidal ideation in young adults using multi-dimensional scales: A graph neural network approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-265513/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyu Sung Choi ◽

Byung Hoon Kim ◽

Sung Hwan Kim ◽

Hong Jin Jeon ◽

Jong-Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Young Adults ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

General Population ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Well Being ◽

Neural Network Approach ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Remote Evaluation

Abstract Precise remote evaluation of both suicide risk and psychiatric disorders is critical for suicide prevention as well as psychiatric well-being during COVID-19 crisis. Using questionnaires is an alternative to labour-intensive diagnostic interviews in a large general population, but previous models for predicting suicide attempts suffer from low sensitivity. We developed and validated a graph neural network model, MindWatchNet, which increased the prediction sensitivity of suicide risk in young adults (n = 17,482 for training; n = 14,238 for testing) using multi-dimensional questionnaires and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks as the prediction target. MindWatchNet achieved the highest sensitivity of 80.9% and an area under curve of 0.877 (95% confidence interval, 0.854–0.897). We demonstrated that multi-dimensional deep features covering depression, anxiety, resilience, self-esteem, and clinico-demographic information contribute to SI prediction. MindWatchNet might be useful in the remote evaluation of suicide risk in the general population of young adults for specific situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sudath Samaraweera ◽

Athula Sumathipala ◽

Sisira Siribaddana ◽

S. Sivayogan ◽

Dinesh Bhugra

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

General Population ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

National Average ◽

The West ◽

Suicide Methods ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Completed Suicide ◽

The World

Background: Suicidal ideation can often lead to suicide attempts and completed suicide. Studies have shown that Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world but so far no studies have looked at prevalence of suicidal ideation in a general population in Sri Lanka. Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation by randomly selecting six Divisional Secretariats (Dss) out of 17 in one district. This district is known to have higher than national average rates of suicide. Methods: 808 participants were interviewed using Sinhala versions of GHQ-30 and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Of these, 387 (48%) were males, and 421 (52%) were female. Results: On Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation, 29 individuals (4%) had active suicidal ideation and 23 (3%) had passive suicidal ideation. The active suicidal ideators were young, physically ill and had higher levels of helplessness and hopelessness. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Sri Lanka is lower than reported from the West and yet suicide rates are higher. Further work must explore cultural and religious factors.

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Determinants of participation and quality of life of young adults with cerebral palsy: longitudinal approach and comparison with the general population – SPARCLE 3 study protocol

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02263-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Arnaud ◽

Carine Duffaut ◽

Jérôme Fauconnier ◽

Silke Schmidt ◽

Kate Himmelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young People ◽

General Population ◽

Transition Period ◽

Well Being ◽

Personal Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Effective inclusion in society for young people with disabilities is increasingly seen as generating opportunities for self-development, and improving well-being. However, significant barriers remain in the vast majority of activities meaningful for young adults. Research argues that various personal (disabilities, health) and environmental (access to the resources needed, accessible environment, discrimination, lack of personal economic independence) factors contribute to limited participation. However, previous studies conducted in young people with cerebral palsy (CP) mainly investigated the transition period to adulthood, and did not fully consider the whole range of impairment severity profiles or environmental barriers. In this study, we will use the follow-up of the SPARCLE cohort and a comparison group from the general population (1) to investigate the impact of the environment on participation and quality of life of young adults with CP, (2) to determine predictors of a successful young adulthood in educational, professional, health and social fields, (3) to compare quality of life and frequency of participation in social, work and recreational activities with the general population, (4) to document on participation and quality of life in those with severe disabilities. Methods The SPARCLE3 study has a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional design. Young adults with CP aged 22 to 27 years in 6 European regions previously enrolled in the SPARCLE cohort or newly recruited will be invited to self-complete a comprehensive set of questionnaires exploring participation (daily life and discretionary activities), health-related quality of life, body function, personal factors (health, personal resources), and contextual factors (availability of needed environmental items, family environment, services provision) during home visits supervised by trained researchers. Proxy-reports or adapted questionnaires will be used for those with the most severe impairments. The recruitment of a large group from the general population (online survey) will enable to identify life areas where the discrepancies between young people with CP and their able-bodied peers are the most significant. Discussion This study will help identify to what extent disabilities and barriers in environment negatively affect participation and quality of life, and how previous valued experiences during childhood or adolescence might modulate these effects.

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Rates and risk factors for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in persons with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2020-100247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. e100247

Author(s):

Matt Pelton ◽

Matt Ciarletta ◽

Holly Wisnousky ◽

Nicholas Lazzara ◽

Monica Manglani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

General Population ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Advanced Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Living With Hiv

BackgroundPeople living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) must contend with a significant burden of disease. However, current studies of this demographic have yielded wide variations in the incidence of suicidality (defined as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide deaths).AimsThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the lifetime incidence and prevalence of suicidality in PLWHA.MethodsPublications were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, OVID (MEDLINE), Joanna Briggs Institute EBP and Cochrane Library databases (from inception to before 1 February 2020). The search strategy included a combination of Medical Subject Headings associated with suicide and HIV. Researchers independently screened records, extracted outcome measures and assessed study quality. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the associated risk factors and to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Main outcomes were lifetime incidence of suicide completion and lifetime incidence and prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.ResultsA total of 185 199 PLWHA were identified from 40 studies (12 cohorts, 27 cross-sectional and 1 nested case-control). The overall incidence of suicide completion in PLWHA was 10.2/1000 persons (95%CI: 4.5 to 23.1), translating to 100-fold higher suicide deaths than the global general population rate of 0.11/1000 persons. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was 158.3/1000 persons (95%CI: 106.9 to 228.2) and of suicidal ideation was 228.3/1000 persons (95%CI: 150.8 to 330.1). Meta-regression revealed that for every 10-percentage point increase in the proportion of people living with HIV with advanced disease (AIDS), the risk of suicide completion increased by 34 per 1000 persons. The quality of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations for the suicide deaths was graded as ‘moderate’ quality.ConclusionsThe risk of suicide death is 100-fold higher in people living with HIV than in the general population. Lifetime incidence of suicidal ideation and attempts are substantially high. Suicide risk assessments should be a priority in PLWHA, especially for those with more advanced disease.

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Genetic Counselling in Psychiatric Disorder with High Suicide Risk

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.313 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S101-S101

Author(s):

D. Cozman ◽

R. Moldovan ◽

B. Nemes

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Genetic Counselling ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Past History ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Death Wishes ◽

Suicidal Plans ◽

The Impact

IntroductionA better understanding of the genomics of mental illnesses allowed genetic counselling to be provided to individuals with severe mental illness and their families.AimThe present study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genetic counselling for severe mental illnesses with high suicide risk.MethodAssessment was performed before and after genetic counselling session. Measures used were evaluation of traumatic events in childhood, multidimensional scale for perception of social support (SMSSP), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS-X), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Paykel questionnaire and Genetic Counselling Outcome Scale (GCOS). Paykel's questionnaire consists of five questions about suicidal thoughts and attempts, including: life-weariness, death wishes, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts. Intervention and assessment lasted approximately one and a half hour. Data from 48 patients was analysed.ResultsMean age of participants was M = 38.4, SD = 9.7, and the group was batter represented by females (57%). The participants had various diagnoses, 22% had schizophrenia, 36% bipolar disorder and 42% recurrent depressive disorder. Forty percent of participants reported suicidal ideation and 22,5% had a past history of suicide attempt. Genetic counselling had a direct positive influence upon GCOS specific items and reduced the Paykel scores among participants presenting with suicidal ideation.ConclusionGenetic counselling offers information about the disorder, the role of genetics and the impact of environmental factors. Preliminary data suggest that providing genetic counselling decreases the suicidal ideation frequency.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Life, lifestyle and location: examining the complexities of psychological distress in young adult Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174417000162 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 541-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Davison ◽

T. Nagel ◽

G. R. Singh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Emotional Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Self Harm

Mental health is fundamental to an individual’s health and well-being. Mental health disorders affect a substantial portion of the Australian population, with the most vulnerable time in adolescence and young adulthood. Indigenous Australians fare worse than other Australians on almost every measure of physical and mental health. Cross-sectional data from young adults (21–27 years) participating in the Life Course Program, Northern Territory, Australia, is presented. Rates of psychological distress were high in remote and urban residing Indigenous and urban non-Indigenous young adults. This rate was more pronounced in young women, particularly in Indigenous remote and urban residing women. Young adults with high psychological distress also had lower levels of positive well-being, higher perceived stress levels, experienced a higher number of major life events and were at an increased risk of suicidal ideation and/or self-harm. This study supports the need for a continued focus on early screening and treatment at this vulnerable age. The significant association seen between psychological distress and other markers of emotional well-being, particularly risk of suicidal ideation and/or self-harm, highlights the need for a holistic approach to mental health assessment and treatment. A concerted focus on improving the environs of young adults by lowering levels of stress, improving access to adequate housing, educational and employment opportunity, will assist in improving the emotional health of young adults.

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Suicide in prisons and remand centres

Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention ◽

10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0027 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 227-232

Author(s):

Marco Sarchiapone ◽

Miriam Iosue

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Individual Vulnerability ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Common Causes ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

History Of ◽

Self Harm ◽

High Level

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.

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Suicidal and self-harm presentations to Emergency Departments: The challenges of identification through diagnostic codes and presenting complaints

Health Information Management Journal ◽

10.1177/1833358319857188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 38-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jerneja Sveticic ◽

Nicholas CJ Stapelberg ◽

Kathryn Turner

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Emergency Departments ◽

Policy Development ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Diagnostic Codes ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Self Harm ◽

Low Sensitivity

Background: The accuracy of data on suicide-related presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs) has implications for the provision of care and policy development, yet research on its validity is scarce. Objective: To test the reliability of allocation of ICD-10 codes assigned to suicide and self-related presentations to EDs in Queensland, Australia. Method: All presentations due to suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation between 1 July 2017 and 31 December 2017 were reviewed. The number of presentations identified through relevant ICD-10-AM codes and presenting complaints in the Emergency Department Information System were compared to those identified through an application of an evolutionary algorithm and medical record review (gold standard). Results: A total of 2540 relevant presentations were identified through the gold standard methodology. Great heterogeneity of ICD-10-AM codes and presenting complaints was observed for suicide attempts (40 diagnostic codes and 27 presenting complaints), NSSI (27 and 16, respectively) and suicidal ideation (38 and 34, respectively). Relevant ICD codes applied as primary or secondary diagnosis had very low sensitivity in detecting cases of suicide attempts (18.7%), NSSI (38.5%) and suicidal ideation (42.3%). A combination of ICD-10-AM code and a relevant presenting complaint increased specificity, however substantially reduced specificity and positive predictive values for all types of presentations. ED data showed bias in detecting higher percentages of suicide attempts by Indigenous persons (10.1% vs. 6.9%) or by cutting (28.1% vs. 10.3%), and NSSI by female presenters (76.4% vs. 67.4%). Conclusion: Suicidal and self-harm presentations are grossly under-enumerated in ED datasets and should be used with caution until a more standardised approach to their formulation and recording is implemented.

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Psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk in patients with psoriasis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S395-S396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Pompili ◽

M. Innamorati ◽

D. Erbuto ◽

A. Costanzo

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

The Other ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Melanoma Patients ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

IntroductionPsoriasis has a significant impact on the mental and emotional functioning.ObjectiveIt has been reported that the risk of psychiatric comorbidity increases with the severity of the disorder, and the most frequent associations appear to be those with depression and anxiety.AimsTo analyze the association between psoriasis, mental disorders and suicidal ideation in a sample of patients affected by psoriasis. To investigate the differences between psoriasis patients and patients with other dermatologic diseases.MethodsParticipants were 242 consecutive patients (142 women and 100 men), 112 patients with psoriasis (46.3%), 77 with melanoma (31.8%) and 53 with allergy (21.0%). All patients were administered a structured sociodemographic interview and the following measures: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). We also assessed current and previous suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts.ResultsPatients with psoriasis (compared to other groups of patients) more frequently had a comorbid mood disorder (16.1% vs 3.9% and 0.0%, respectively for patients with melanoma and patients with allergy; χ22 = 14.98; P < 0.001), past suicidal ideation (33.9% vs 15.6% and 18.9%, respectively for patients with melanoma and patients with allergy; χ22 = 2.05; P < 0.01) and attempts (6.3% vs 0.0% and 0.0%, for the other groups of patients; χ22 = 8.37; P < 0.05). Patients with psoriasis reported higher HAM-D scores than melanoma patients.ConclusionsThe clinical evaluation of patients with psoriasis should include the assessment of psychiatric comorbidities and the routinely assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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