Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudath Samaraweera ◽  
Athula Sumathipala ◽  
Sisira Siribaddana ◽  
S. Sivayogan ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Average ◽  
The West ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The World

Background: Suicidal ideation can often lead to suicide attempts and completed suicide. Studies have shown that Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world but so far no studies have looked at prevalence of suicidal ideation in a general population in Sri Lanka. Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation by randomly selecting six Divisional Secretariats (Dss) out of 17 in one district. This district is known to have higher than national average rates of suicide. Methods: 808 participants were interviewed using Sinhala versions of GHQ-30 and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Of these, 387 (48%) were males, and 421 (52%) were female. Results: On Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation, 29 individuals (4%) had active suicidal ideation and 23 (3%) had passive suicidal ideation. The active suicidal ideators were young, physically ill and had higher levels of helplessness and hopelessness. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Sri Lanka is lower than reported from the West and yet suicide rates are higher. Further work must explore cultural and religious factors.

scholarly journals Rates and risk factors for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in persons with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. e100247
Author(s):  
Matt Pelton ◽  
Matt Ciarletta ◽  
Holly Wisnousky ◽  
Nicholas Lazzara ◽  
Monica Manglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Living With Hiv

BackgroundPeople living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) must contend with a significant burden of disease. However, current studies of this demographic have yielded wide variations in the incidence of suicidality (defined as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide deaths).AimsThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the lifetime incidence and prevalence of suicidality in PLWHA.MethodsPublications were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, OVID (MEDLINE), Joanna Briggs Institute EBP and Cochrane Library databases (from inception to before 1 February 2020). The search strategy included a combination of Medical Subject Headings associated with suicide and HIV. Researchers independently screened records, extracted outcome measures and assessed study quality. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the associated risk factors and to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Main outcomes were lifetime incidence of suicide completion and lifetime incidence and prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.ResultsA total of 185 199 PLWHA were identified from 40 studies (12 cohorts, 27 cross-sectional and 1 nested case-control). The overall incidence of suicide completion in PLWHA was 10.2/1000 persons (95%CI: 4.5 to 23.1), translating to 100-fold higher suicide deaths than the global general population rate of 0.11/1000 persons. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was 158.3/1000 persons (95%CI: 106.9 to 228.2) and of suicidal ideation was 228.3/1000 persons (95%CI: 150.8 to 330.1). Meta-regression revealed that for every 10-percentage point increase in the proportion of people living with HIV with advanced disease (AIDS), the risk of suicide completion increased by 34 per 1000 persons. The quality of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations for the suicide deaths was graded as ‘moderate’ quality.ConclusionsThe risk of suicide death is 100-fold higher in people living with HIV than in the general population. Lifetime incidence of suicidal ideation and attempts are substantially high. Suicide risk assessments should be a priority in PLWHA, especially for those with more advanced disease.

scholarly journals An investigation on the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempt in individuals with thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853
Author(s):  
Sahar Attar ◽  
Nour Mohammad Bakhshani ◽  
Qasem Miri Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Background and Aim: Thalassemia major is one of the most common chronic genetic diseases in the world and in Iran that can impose many adverse effects on the self and society. Psychologically, patients with thalassemia are under stress. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is important to identify the people who have the highest risk factors for suicide. The present research investigates the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempts in people with thalassemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Its sample was 150 patients with thalassemia in the age range of 10 to 46 years whom we selected through census by sampling at convenience. We gave to patients a standardized Beck Suicide Thought Assessment Questionnaire. We analyzed the research data using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: From among 150 patients with thalassemia in this study, 57.3% of the respondents were male and 42.7% were female. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between suicide thoughts and attempts and age (-0.234) (P <0.05). The mean prevalence of suicide in men (1.89) was significantly higher compared to women (0.79) (P <0.05). We did not observe significant difference in prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts between married and single groups with a mean difference (0.69) (P <0.05) and, in different educational groups, no significant difference was reported (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that among patients with thalassemia, the prevalence of suicidal ideation has a significant percentage. Since suicidal ideation provides a platform for preparation and attempt to commit suicide, so by providing mental health services and regular screening, we can take an effective step to prevent this problem among patients with thalassemia. Keywords: Thalassemia, Suicidal ideation, Suicide.

scholarly journals Preditores de idealização suicida entre estudantes de medicina: uma revisão sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Victor Meireles Campos ◽  
Ieda Aleluia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Objective ◽  
De Medicina

BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation is one of the main symptoms indicative of suicide attempts and suicide. According to the WHO, about 800,000 cases of suicide were reported around the world in 2014, which translates to an index of 1 suicide every 40 seconds. Medical students constitute a population at risk for the development of suicidal ideation. Several life factors may influence the risk of suicidal ideation, those being personality traits, social factors and mental health. OBJECTIVE: Identify the indicators of suicidal ideation among medical students during their academic training. METHODS: This is a systematic review carried out in the electronic databases Pubmed and BVS. Articles that addressed the subject of suicidal ideation among medical students in Portuguese, English and Spanish from 2008 to 2018 were included. RESULTS: We found 263 articles, of which 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the application of the STROBE statement, 6 articles were selected for the creation of this systematic review. The prevalence of suicidal ideation varied from 3.7% to 35.6% around the world and several factors were linked to the increase of suicidal ideation risk. CONCLUSION: A suicidal ideation is a frequent and multifactorial phenomenon that involves several realms of a medical student's life. The risk factors identified in this review were linked to the increased risk of suicidal ideation development.

Suicidality and Aggressive Behavior in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk

This chapter reviews suicidality and aggressive/violent behavior in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and presents clinical cases, which reflect the extreme suffering that BDD often causes. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are common in BDD. This has been found in both clinical and epidemiologic samples and in adults as well as youth. More severe BDD symptoms are independently associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Suicidality appears more common in BDD than in obsessive-compulsive disorder and other clinical samples with which BDD has been directly compared. Although data are limited, the rate of completed suicide appears markedly elevated; indeed, individuals with BDD have many risk factors for completed suicide. Physical aggression and violence are less well studied but appear to commonly occur as a consequence of BDD. Surgeons, dermatologists, and other clinicians who provide cosmetic treatment may be at particular risk. Additional studies designed to investigate these topics are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Comportamento Suicidário nos Internos de Psiquiatria em Portugal: Comparação com a Realidade Europeia

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
João Gama Marques ◽  
Alice Roberto ◽  
Cátia Guerra ◽  
Mariana Pinto da Costa ◽  
Anja Podlesek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
History Of

<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempts in Portuguese psychiatry trainees (adult and child and adolescence), and compare the data with the general population and other European countries.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A structured and anonymous questionnaire was sent by email to 159 portuguese trainees of adult psychiatry and child and adolescence psychiatry with questions about personal history of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, as well as family history of suicide attempts and completed suicides. This is part of the BoSS Study (Burnout Syndrome Study) performed in 21 countries worldwide. Data was analysed in SPSS v.19.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> From the inquired population, 62 trainees (40,3%) partially responded, and 46 (29%) were complete responders - these entered the final analysis. There was a ratio of 2:1 (female:male) and a mean age of 29 years. The suicidal ideation was present in passive form in 44% and in active form in 33%; also, 4.3% of respondents had previous suicide attempts. In first degree relatives, 22% had attempted suicide and 13% completed suicide.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The results are worriying and may be associated with some factors to which this population is exposed.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is necessary further research to better understand this phenomenon, its causes and potential modifiers.

scholarly journals Association of Child Abuse Exposure With Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Suicide Attempts in Military Personnel and the General Population in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie O. Afifi ◽  
Tamara Taillieu ◽  
Mark A. Zamorski ◽  
Sarah Turner ◽  
Kristene Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Suicide Attempts

No Correlation Between Rates of Suicidal Ideation and Completed Suicides in Europe: Analysis of 49,008 Participants (55+ Years) Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lukaschek ◽  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
J. Baumert ◽  
K.-H. Ladwig
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Cross National

AbstractBackground:Little is known about country-specific variations in suicidal ideation (SID) by sex and how they correspond with completed suicide rate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess variations in SID prevalence rates by sex and its correlation to completed suicide rates across European countries.Method:SHARE is a cross-national European survey of individuals over the age of 50 and their spouse of any age. The present study relied on wave 4 conducted in 2010–2012 including 49,008 participants aged 55 to 104 years from 16 countries. SID was evaluated using a single item from the Euro-D. Data on completed suicide rates were taken from the WHO mortality database.Results:Of the study population (n = 49,008, 44.3% men, mean age 68.2 ± 9.1 years), a total of 4139 (8.5%, 95% CI 8.2–8.7) reported suicidal ideation within the last month. The women:men ratio in SID prevalence ranged from 1.30 in Estonia to 2.25 in Spain and Portugal. Regarding country-specific variation, the SID prevalence patterns of both men and women did not correspond to the completed suicide rates for males and females aged 55+ reported by the WHO (2013). Correlations were rather moderate in men (r = 0.45) and especially weak in women (r = 0.16).Conclusion:The study showed remarkable differences in SID prevalence by sex. The most exciting finding was that SID rates did not correspond with completed suicide rates in each country under investigation. However, the strength of these patterns substantially differs across countries. This unexpected finding need to be further evaluated.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Suicidal Behaviors in South Korea: A Systematic Review On The Current State of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Raschke ◽  
Amir Mohsenpour ◽  
Leona Aschentrup ◽  
Florian Fischer ◽  
Kamil J. Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
The World

Abstract Background The economic and human costs of suicide to individuals, families, communities, and society make suicide a major public health problem around the world. Suicide rates in South Korea are among the highest in the world. This paper is the first systematic review investigating socioeconomic risk factors for suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, attempted suicides, and completed suicides) in South Korea. Methods We performed a systematic review in Medline and Web of Science. Empirical studies and peer-reviewed articles on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal behaviors have been included. A total of 53 studies were included in a descriptive synthesis. Results Overall, 35 studies focused on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal ideation, 16 were related to suicide attempts, while 10 addressed completed suicides. Low income, unemployment, and financial difficulties were identified as risk factors for all suicidal behaviors. Working in precarious conditions, long working hours, self-employment, changes in employment status, shift work/night-time work, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation. Low educational attainment appears to increase the risk for suicide attempts and completed suicide, but the significance of educational attainment on the reporting of suicidal ideation could not be verified. The primary studies were unable to ascertain whether the place of residence impacts on suicidal behaviors. Conclusions The results highlight the relevance of socioeconomic factors for suicidal behaviors in South Korea. Governmental social spending must be increased and redirected more efficiently so that the economically most vulnerable groups are financially protected and income inequality does not widen. Furthermore, comprehensive prevention strategies at the community level are needed. Future research needs to focus on identifying vulnerable groups for whom the effects of low socioeconomic status may have particularly serious consequences with regard to suicidal behaviors.

Omar Noman. Economic and Social Progress in Asia: Why Pakistan Did Not Become a Tiger. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1997. 324 pages. Hardbound. Rs 575.00.

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Faisal Bari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Korea ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The West ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most people in Pakistan look towards the West for models of economic development, and some even look to the Islamic past. But in recent decades, the more spectacular cases have been much closer to home, and towards the East. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are already in the ranks of the developed, while China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand are making good progress. Despite the recent setbacks, their progress over the last three decades has been enviable. On the other hand, the countries in South Asia have lagged behind. Four decades ago there was little to choose between most of these countries, but by the seventies, the paths of some had clearly diverged, while others were beginning to diverge. Today, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are amongst the poorest in the world, and on certain measures, they are the poorest! What happened in the last four decades? This is the issue that Omar Noman tackles in this book.

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