scholarly journals Multicolor imaging of calcium-binding proteins in human kidney stones for elucidating the effects of proteins on crystal growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Tanaka ◽  
Mihoko Maruyama ◽  
Atsushi Okada ◽  
Yoshihiro Furukawa ◽  
Koichi Momma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

AbstractThe pathogenesis of kidney stone formation includes multi-step processes involving complex interactions between mineral components and protein matrix. Calcium-binding proteins in kidney stones have great influences on the stone formation. The spatial distributions of these proteins in kidney stones are essential for evaluating the in vivo effects of proteins on the stone formation, although the actual distribution of these proteins is still unclear. We reveal micro-scale distributions of three different proteins, namely osteopontin (OPN), renal prothrombin fragment 1 (RPTF-1), and calgranulin A (Cal-A), in human kidney stones retaining original mineral phases and textures: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). OPN and RPTF-1 were distributed inside of both COM and COD crystals, whereas Cal-A was distributed outside of crystals. OPN and RPTF-1 showed homogeneous distributions in COM crystals with mosaic texture, and periodically distributions parallel to specific crystal faces in COD crystals. The unique distributions of these proteins enable us to interpret the different in vivo effects of each protein on CaOx crystal growth based on their physico-chemical properties and the complex physical environment changes of each protein. This method will further allow us to elucidate in vivo effects of different proteins on kidney stone formation.

2086 RENAL MACROPHAGES COULD ENGLOBE CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS DURING KIDNEY STONE FORMATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okada ◽  
Takahiro Yasui ◽  
Kazumi Taguchi ◽  
Yasuhiko Hirose ◽  
Kazuhiro Niimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

scholarly journals Preliminary Data on Geochemical Characteristics of Major and Trace Elements in Typical Biominerals: From the Perspective of Human Kidney Stones

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Lifang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Element Concentrations

The chemical composition of biominerals is essential for understanding biomineral formation and is regarded as an attractive subject in bio-mineralogical research on human kidney stones (urinary calculi). In order to obtain more geochemically interpreted data on biogenic minerals, mineralogical compositions and major and trace element concentrations of sixty-six kidney stone samples derived from kidney stone removal surgeries were measured. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) were the two main mineral components of kidney stones. Geochemical results indicated that major and trace element concentrations were present in the following order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Ba > Cu > Ti > Mo > Cd > Cr. With the exception of Ca, Mg was the second-most abundant element. Zn exhibited higher concentrations relative to other trace elements, which suggests a potential substitution of calcium by metal ions with a similar charge and radius rather than by metals in kidney stone formation. Pb appeared in significantly higher concentrations than in previous studies, which indicates Pb enrichment in the environment. In order to discern multi-element relationships within kidney stones, principal component analysis was applied. Three principal components (PCs, eigenvalues >1) were extracted to explain 64.4% of the total variance. The first component exhibited positively correlated Na-Zn-Cr-Mo-Cd-Pb, while the second component exhibited more positively weighted Mg-K-Ba-Ti. Fe-Cu demonstrated a positive correlation in the third component. This study suggests that Ca exhibits a preference for uptake by oxalates during human urinary stone crystallization, while other alkali metals and alkaline earth metals precipitate with phosphate.

scholarly journals Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, Growth, Aggregation, Adhesion on Renal Tubular Cells, and Invasion Through Extracellular Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Chanettee Chanthick ◽  
Visith Thongboonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Abstract Objectives Hyaluronic acid (HA), a large non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is one of the major components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissues and other organs. Currently, it is widely used as a dietary supplement, especially for treatment or prevention of aging-related disorders. On the other hand, HA has been reported with an increased risk of kidney stone disease, particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx) type, but with unclear mechanisms. We therefore performed systematic analyses for its modulatory effects on CaOx monohydrate (COM) crystal at various steps of kidney stone formation processes. Methods HA at 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ng/ml was tested in various assays for COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion and invasion through ECM. Results COM crystallization and crystal aggregation were not affected by HA at all concentrations. However, HA significantly promoted COM crystal growth and adhesion onto renal tubular cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, COM crystal invasion through the ECM was dramatically enhanced by HA even at very low concentration (such as 1 ng/ml). Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for promoting effects of HA on COM crystal growth, adhesion on renal tubular cell surface and invasion through the ECM, all of which are the important steps for kidney stone formation. Funding Sources TRF-IRN grant.

scholarly journals Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Author(s):  
Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones   result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis. Keywords:  Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine

scholarly journals ANTIUROLITHIC ACTIVITY OF BERBERIS TRIFOLIATA EXTRACT ON INDUCED UROLITHIASIS IN RATS BY ZINC DISC IMPLANTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Raymundo Alejandro Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Silvia Guadalupe Treviño-Moreno ◽  
Gilberto Arévalo- Martínez ◽  
Eduardo Sánchez -García ◽  
Catalina Leos-Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Postsurgical Recovery ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Treatment Of Urolithiasis ◽  
Different Doses

Background: In clinical therapy, there is no satisfactory drug available for treatment of urolithiasis, especially for the prevention of their recurrence. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vivo antiurolithic activity of methanolic extract of Berberis trifoliata leaves. Material and methods: Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by zinc disc implantation in urinary bladder. Upon postsurgical recovery, different doses of the methanolic extract of B. trifoliata leaves (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to zinc disc implanted rats for a period of 20 days. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by measuring the difference between the weight of the implanted zinc discs at the time of implantation and the final weight of the dried calculi taken out from the bladder at the end of the 20 days period of treatment. Results: Extract of B. trifoliata significantly reduced calculi deposition around the implanted zinc disc at all doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Conclusion: Treatment with methanolic extract of B. trifoliata is useful agent against the kidney stone formation.

scholarly journals In Vivo Entombment of Bacteria and Fungi during Calcium Oxalate, Brushite and Struvite Urolithiasis

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0006942020
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Saw ◽  
Mayandi Sivaguru ◽  
Elena M. Wilson ◽  
Yiran Dong ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Struvite Stones

Background: Human kidney stones form via repeated events of mineral precipitation, partial dissolution and reprecipitation, which are directly analogous to similar processes in other natural and man-made environments where resident microbiomes strongly influence biomineralization. High-resolution microscopy and high-fidelity metagenomic (microscopy-to-omics) analyses, applicable to all forms of biomineralization, have been applied to assemble definitive evidence of in vivo microbiome entombment during urolithiasis. Methods: Stone fragments were collected from a randomly chosen cohort of 20 patients using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that 18 of these patients were calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, while one patient each formed brushite and struvite stones. This apportionment is consistent with global stone mineralogy distributions. Stone fragments from 7 of these 20 patients (5 CaOx, 1 brushite and 1 struvite) were thin sectioned and analyzed using brightfield (BF), polarization (POL), confocal, superresolution autofluorescence (SRAF) and Raman techniques. DNA from remaining fragments, grouped according to each of the 20 patients, were analyzed with amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V1-V3, V3-V5) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) regions. Results: Bulk entombed DNA was sequenced from stone fragments in 11 of the 18 CaOx patients, as well as the brushite and struvite patients. These analyses confirmed the presence of an entombed low-diversity community of bacteria and fungi, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Aspergillus niger. Bacterial cells ~1  µm in diameter were also optically observed to be entombed and well-preserved in amorphous hydroxyapatite spherules and fans of needle-like crystals of brushite and struvite. Conclusions: These results indicate a microbiome is entombed during in vivo CaOx stone formation. Similar processes are implied for brushite and struvite stones. This evidence lays the groundwork for future in vitro and in vivo experimentation to determine how the microbiome may actively and/or passively influence kidney stone biomineralization.

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