scholarly journals Dissection of the genetic basis of genotype-by-environment interactions for grain yield and main agronomic traits in Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Alipour ◽  
Hossein Abdi ◽  
Yousef Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Bihamta
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
The Stability

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions. In the present study, 268 Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars were evaluated in four well-watered and two rain-fed conditions for different traits. According to breeding programs, cultivars were in a group with a high mean and stability in terms of GY, GN, and SW traits, while in terms of PH, they had a low mean and high stability. The stability of cultivars and landraces was related to dynamic and static stability, respectively. The highest number of marker pairs and lowest LD decay distance in both cultivars and landraces was observed on the B genome. Population structure differentiated indigenous cultivars and landraces, and the GWAS results for each were almost different despite the commonalities. Chromosomes 1B, 3B, 7B, 2A, and 4A had markers with pleiotropic effects on the stability of different traits. Due to two rain-fed environments, the Gene Ontology (GO) confirmed the accuracy of the results. The identified markers in this study can be helpful in breeding high-performance and stable genotypes and future breeding programs such as fine mapping and cloning.

Stability and plasticity of grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf genotypes of winter bread wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
A.V. Yarosh ◽  
V. K. Riabchun ◽  
O. O. Chetveryk ◽  
Yu. O. Chernobai
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability

Aim. To determine the stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf winter bread wheat accessions. Results and Discussion. We determined the stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield of mid-high and semi-dwarf winter bread wheat accessions. The meteorological conditions during the vegetation periods in 2015-2018 made it possible to differentiate winter bread wheat accessions by stability and plasticity of the grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield. The best winter bread wheat accessions of the NCPGRU’s collection, which were distinguished by grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield, were evaluated for their stability degree (Sd) and plasticity level by regression coefficient. It was found that the proportion of accessions with high homeostaticity (bi <1) for the traits under investigation, which was most typical for mid-genotypes, was 70.6% for the yield, 64.7% for the 1000-kernel weight and 58.8% for the grain weight per spike, which is important for breeding for adaptability. Sources of high homeostaticity with a regression coefficient of <1 for the grain weight per spike (Zorepad Bilotserkovskyi, Anatoliia (UKR)); 1000-kernel weight (Krasa Laniv (UKR); Ilona (SVK)); yield (Pochaina, Krasa Laniv (UKR); Adel, Kazachka (RUS); OR2070011 (USA); Ilona (SVK), Darunok Podillia (UKR)) were singled out. In addition, we selected accessions with a wide environmental response (bi> 1), which can best fulfill their yield capacity under improved growing conditions or on an increased soil fertility, for the grain weight per spike (Zorepad Bilotserkovskiy, Anatoliia (UKR)); 1000-kernel weight (Harmonika, Prynada (UKR), Moskvich (RUS), Aran (AZE)); yield (Biloretskovskyi Zorepad, Prynada (UKR), Morozko, Vid (RUS)). Conclusions. The study of collection material of different eco- geographical origin enabled us to identify new sources of grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight and yield with increased environmental plasticity and stability, the use of which in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new highly productive and more valuable genotypes. Sources of high homeostaticity in winter bread wheat are valuable starting material to develop new highly adaptive varieties.

Reduced heat tolerance in fast-growing broilers

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
A. Cahaner ◽  
N. Deeb
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate ◽  
Hot Environments

Broiler breeders conduct their breeding programs only in optimal environments, claiming that because farmers are instructed to provide the broilers with optimal management, genotype by environment interactions (GxE) are not important for the broiler industry. However, with the rapid development of the poultry industry worldwide, high-performance broiler stocks are now being imported to developing countries where environmental control, mainly the mitigation of hot climates, is not feasible. Moreover, results from several studies suggest that due to the increase in genetic potential for rapid growth rate, resulting from successful breeding programs, broilers are becoming more sensitive to rather small environmental deviations from optimal conditions (Leenstra and Cahaner, 1991; Cahaner and Leenstra, 1992; Cahaner et al., 1993; Settar et al., 1999; Yunis et al, 1999). Hence, also in developed countries, many broilers will be, or are already being reared under suboptimal hot environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield and agronomic traits of new winter bread wheat cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Bekir Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons

Yield and quality attributes of 13 bread wheat cultivars registered for Thrace region in 2018 and 5 standard bread wheat cultivars were determined and compared in this study. Tested cultivars are originated from Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Austria and Ukraine. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons. Since the locations were not equally distributed to growing seasons, statistical analyses for yield and other parameters were performed through assuming each location as an environment. Therefore, assessments were made over 7 environments. Environment (E) explained 54.9% of the total variation (E+G+GEI), genotype (G) and genotype ? environment interaction (GEI) generated 25.6% and 19.5%, respectively. GGE (Genotype + Genotype by environment interaction) biplot analysis was able to explain 78.51% of variation in grain yield. Trial environments gathered under 3 mega-environments. Of the cultivars registered in 2018, Adali, Bc Anica, Topkapi, FDL Miranda, Otilia, ZT Ziyade, Viktoria and Dragana had values larger than the average and thus they had the largest PC1 (Principal component 1) scores. Tested cultivars were also assessed based on vector lengths to average environment coordinate (AEC). Adali cultivar with a high PC1 score and the closest position to AEC apsis was found to be quite prominent for grain yield. In environment-focused assessments, E3, E4 and E5 had the closest position to ideal environment circle. With regard to physical quality attributes, Pehlivan, Bojana and Adali cultivars had high performance values. The cultivar Bojana, Topkapi and Iveta had protein contents above 15%. For Zeleny sedimentation values, Krasunia odes?ka had the best performance.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of released bread wheat varieties at mid altitude areas of Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-664
Author(s):  
S. Shibeshi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The World

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal occupying a protruding position among major food crops in the world in terms of acreage and production and is an important cereal crop which is receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production in the world wide in general and in Ethiopia in particular. And also a number of improved bread wheat varieties have been released by different research centres for different agro-ecology in Ethiopia. Evaluate the performance of different bread wheat varieties at diverse agro-ecology is an important for effective selection of the variety. This experiment was conducted on ten bread wheat varieties against local check (Digalu) at Meskan and Dalocha wereda with the objective of identify and recommend high performance in terms of yield, insect pest tolerant, and stable varieties. The varieties were assigned in randomized complete block design with four replication. Data were collected on six major agronomic traits. Based on the mean separation, the highest average grain yield was recorded from Hidasse and Ogolcho varieties with 5210 and 5080 kg/ha respectively. However the lowest average yield (3220kg/ha) was recorded from Digalu variety. In both locations Digalu variety provided the lowest yield due to high susceptibility for stem rust. Statistically, the variety Hidasse gave the highest number of tillers per plant and the tallest spikes length at both locations those are positive contributions to grain yield. There were significantly positive and negative correlations between traits. In this study, it is found that there is 38.19% increment of yield for using Hidasse variety (high yielder) as compared to Digalu variety (low yielder) at the study area. Therefore, farmers located at the study areas are recommended to use Hidasse variety to increase bread wheat yield.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment interaction, correlation, AMMI, GGE biplot and cluster analysis for grain yield and other agronomic traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258211
Author(s):  
Muluken Enyew ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Mulatu Geleta ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Cecilia Hammenhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Genotype by environment (G×E) interaction is a major factor limiting the success of germplasm selection and identification of superior genotypes for use in plant breeding programs. Similar to the case in other crops, G×E complicates the improvement of sorghum, and hence it should be determined and used in decision-making programs. The present study aimed at assessing the G×E interaction, and the correlation between traits for superior sorghum genotypes. Three hundred twenty sorghum landraces and four improved varieties were used in alpha lattice experimental design-based field trial across three environments (Melkassa, Mieso and Mehoni) in Ethiopia. Phenotypic data were collected for days to flowering (DTF), plant height (PH), panicle length (PALH), panicle width (PAWD), panicle weight (PAWT) and grain yield (GY). The results revealed that the variance due to genotype, environment and G×E interaction were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits. GY and PAWT were highly affected by environments and G×E whereas DTF, PALH, PAWD and PH were mainly affected by genotypic variation. Therefore, multi-environment testing is needed for taking care of G × E interaction to identify high yielding and stable sorghum landraces. GY and PAWT revealed highly significant positive correlations indicating the possibility of effective selection of the two traits simultaneously. Among the studied populations, South Wello, West Hararghe and Shewa zones had highly diverse genotypes that were distributed across all clusters. Hence, these areas can be considered as hotspots for identifying divergent sorghum landraces that could be used in breeding programs. Melkassa was the most representative environment whereas Mieso was the most discriminating. Five genotypes (G148, G123, G110, G203 and G73) were identified as superior across the test environments for grain yield with farmer-preferred trait, such as plant height. The identified stable and high yielding genotypes are valuable genetic resources that should be used in sorghum breeding programs.

scholarly journals Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) for Discrimination of Genetically Close Sweet Orange Accessions (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Massaiti Kuboyama Kubota ◽  
Aida Bebeachibuli Magalhães ◽  
Marina Nery da Silva ◽  
Paulino Ribeiro Villas Boas ◽  
Valdenice M. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Citrus Breeding ◽  
Citrus Leaves

Although there is substantial diversity among cultivated sweet oranges genotypes with respect to morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits, very little variation at DNA level has been observed. It is possible that this low DNA molecular variability is due to a narrow genetic basis commonly observed in this citrus group. The most different morphological characters observed were originated through mutations, which are maintained by vegetative propagation. Despite all molecular tools available for discrimination between these different accessions, in general, low polymorphism has been observed in all groups of sweet oranges and they may not be identified by molecular markers. In this context, this paper describes the results obtained by using laser-induced fluorescent spectroscopy (LIFS) as a tool to discriminate sweet orange accessions ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) including common, low acidity, pigmented, and navel orange groups, with very little variation at DNA level. The findings showed that LIFS combined with statistical methods is capable to discriminate different accessions. The basic idea is that citrus leaves have multiple fluorophores and concentration depends on their genetics and metabolism. Thus, we consider that the optical properties of citrus leaves may be different, depending on variety. The results have shown that the developed method, for the best classification rate, reaches an average sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 97.5%, respectively. An interesting application of this study is the development of an economically viable tool for early identification in seedling certification, in citrus breeding programs, in cultivar protection, or in germplasm core collection.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN EGYPTIAN BREAD WHEAT LANDRACES AND LOCAL CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1767
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gharib ◽  
A. Salem ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
E. Mansour ◽  
Naglaa Qabil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Landraces

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

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