scholarly journals Right frontal anxiolytic-sensitive EEG ‘theta’ rhythm in the stop-signal task is a theory-based anxiety disorder biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabah M. Shadli ◽  
Lynne C. Ando ◽  
Julia McIntosh ◽  
Veema Lodhia ◽  
Bruce R. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Anxiolytic Drug ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Brain Rhythm ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Neuropsychological Theory

AbstractPsychiatric diagnoses currently rely on a patient’s presenting symptoms or signs, lacking much-needed theory-based biomarkers. Our neuropsychological theory of anxiety, recently supported by human imaging, is founded on a longstanding, reliable, rodent ‘theta’ brain rhythm model of human clinical anxiolytic drug action. We have now developed a human scalp EEG homolog—goal-conflict-specific rhythmicity (GCSR), i.e., EEG rhythmicity specific to a balanced conflict between goals (e.g., approach-avoidance). Critically, GCSR is consistently reduced by different classes of anxiolytic drug and correlates with clinically-relevant trait anxiety scores (STAI-T). Here we show elevated GCSR in student volunteers divided, after testing, on their STAI-T scores into low, medium, and high (typical of clinical anxiety) groups. We then tested anxiety disorder patients (meeting diagnostic criteria) and similar controls recruited separately from the community. The patient group had higher average GCSR than their controls—with a mixture of high and low GCSR that varied with, but cut across, conventional disorder diagnosis. Consequently, GCSR scores should provide the first theoretically-based biomarker that could help diagnose, and so redefine, a psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Associations of Hyperactivity and Inattention Scores with Theta and Beta Oscillatory Dynamics of EEG in Stop-Signal Task in Healthy Children 7–10 Years Old

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Bocharov ◽  
Alexander N. Savostyanov ◽  
Helena R. Slobodskaya ◽  
Sergey S. Tamozhnikov ◽  
Evgeny A. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Arousal Model

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the associations between the natural variability in hyperactivity and inattention scores, as well as their combination with EEG oscillatory responses in the Stop-Signal task in a sample of healthy children. During performance, the Stop-Signal task EEGs were recorded in 94 Caucasian children (40 girls) from 7 to 10 years. Hyperactivity/inattention and inattention scores positively correlated with RT variability. Hyperactivity/inattention and inattention scores negatively correlated with an increase in beta spectral power in the first 200 ms after presentation of the Go stimulus. Such results are in line with the lack of arousal model in ADHD children and can be associated with less sensory arousal in the early stages of perception in children with symptoms of inattention. The subsequent greater increase in theta rhythm at about 300 ms after presentation of the Go stimulus in children with higher inattention scores may be associated with increased attention processes and compensation for insufficient vigilance in the early stages of perception.

scholarly journals Stopping, goal-conflict, trait anxiety and frontal rhythmic power in the stop-signal task

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe S.-H. Neo ◽  
Jane K. Thurlow ◽  
Neil McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Stop Signal Task

scholarly journals Increases in theta CSD power and coherence during a calibrated stop-signal task: implications for goal-conflict processing and the Behavioural Inhibition System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Lockhart ◽  
Roger A. Moore ◽  
Kim A. Bard ◽  
Lorenzo D. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

Abstract Psychologists have identified multiple different forms of conflict, such as information processing conflict and goal conflict. As such, there is a need to examine the similarities and differences in neurology between each form of conflict. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis of Shadli, Glue, McIntosh, and McNaughton’s calibrated stop-signal task (SST) goal-conflict task. Specifically, we examined changes in scalp-wide current source density (CSD) power and coherence across a wide range of frequency bands during the calibrated SST (n = 34). We assessed differences in EEG between the high and low goal-conflict conditions using hierarchical analyses of variance (ANOVAs). We also related goal-conflict EEG to trait anxiety, neuroticism, Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)-anxiety and revised BIS (rBIS) using regression analyses. We found that changes in CSD power during goal conflict were limited to increased midfrontocentral theta. Conversely, coherence increased across 23 scalp-wide theta region pairs and one frontal delta region pair. Finally, scalp-wide theta significantly predicted trait neuroticism but not trait anxiety, BIS-anxiety or rBIS. We conclude that goal conflict involves increased midfrontocentral CSD theta power and scalp-wide theta-dominated coherence. Therefore, compared with information processing conflict, goal conflict displays a similar EEG power profile of midfrontocentral theta but a much wider coherence profile. Furthermore, the increases in theta during goal conflict are the characteristic of BIS-driven activity. Therefore, future research should confirm whether these goal-conflict effects are driven by the BIS by examining whether the effects are attenuated by anxiolytic drugs. Overall, we have identified a unique network of goal-conflict EEG during the calibrated SST.

scholarly journals Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy from Benign and Malignant Amygdalo-hippocampal Anglioglioma; Icroneurosurgical Management. A Report of Two Cases with Short Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
FH Chowdhury ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
NC Shaha ◽  
KA Kawsar
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Complex Partial Seizure ◽  
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Psychomotor Epilepsy

Epilepsy patients are usually managed medically but some cases are resistant to medical treatment and needs surgical treatment. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly intractable. The underlying cause may be mesial temporal sclerosis(MTS), cortical dysplasia(CD), tumors (ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor- DNET), post traumatic gliosis, infection (tuberculosis) parasitic infestation (schistosomiasis, neurocystocercosis) etc. In this type of epilepsy surgery is the treatment of choice (even there is no symptoms other than seizure). Here we report two cases of surgically treated TLE that were due to low grade ganglioglioma and high grade ganglioglioma. In both cases the only presenting symptoms was complex partial seizure (Psychomotor epilepsy) for which they underwent scalp EEG (Electro Encephalography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of brain. Both patients were managed by complete tumor excision with amygdalohippocampectomy plus standard anterior lobectomy. One patient with high grade ganglioglioma recurred within two months of operation and expired within five months. The other case was seizure and disease free till last follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21007 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 214-218

Pacemaker Neurons for the Theta Rhythm and Their Synchronization in the Septohippocampal Reciprocal Loop

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 889-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Rhythm ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Inhibitory Circuit ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

Hippocampal theta (4–10 Hz) oscillation represents a well-known brain rhythm implicated in spatial cognition and memory processes. Its cellular mechanisms remain a matter of debate, and previous computational work has focused mostly on mechanisms intrinsic to the hippocampus. On the other hand, experimental data indicate that GABAergic cells in the medial septum play a pacemaker role for the theta rhythm. We have used biophysical modeling to address two major questions raised by the septal pacemaker hypothesis: what is the ion channel mechanism for the single-cell pacemaker behavior and how do these cells become synchronized? Our model predicts that theta oscillations of septal GABAergic cells depend critically on a low-threshold, slowly inactivating potassium current. Network simulations show that theta oscillations are not coherent in an isolated population of pacemaker cells. Robust synchronization emerges with the addition of a second GABAergic cell population. Such a reciprocally inhibitory circuit can be realized by the hippocampo-septal feedback loop.

Communication Recovery Groups for Persons with Aphasia: A Replicable Program for Medical and University Settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Vickers ◽  
Darla Hagge
Keyword(s):  
Medical Setting ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Intake Process ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Group Members ◽  
University Settings ◽  
University Setting ◽  
Recovery Groups

This article describes Communication Recovery Groups (CRG), an aphasia group program that is sponsored by a medical setting and more recently a university setting. CRG's history and approach and its model of service in light of current healthcare challenges are summarized. The article also provides a detailed discussion regarding the logistics of offering conversation groups to persons with aphasia which are sponsored by medical and/or university settings, the intake process for new group members, and the training of student volunteers to help lead conversation groups.

Titrate SSRI Dose for Anxiety Disorder Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder

The French Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a Nonclinical Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Anne Denis ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
French Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This article investigates the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). A group of 704 adolescents completed the questionnaires in their classrooms. This study examines potential confirmatory factor analysis factor models of the RCADS as well as the relationships between the RCADS and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). A subsample of 595 adolescents also completed an anxiety questionnaire (Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, FSSC-R) and a depression questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCADS suggests that the 6-factor model reasonably fits the data. All subscales were positively intercorrelated, with rs varying between .48 (generalized anxiety disorder-major depression disorder) and .65 (generalized anxiety disorder-social phobia/obsessive-compulsive disorder). The RCADS total score and all the RCADS scales were found to have good internal consistency (> .70). The correlations between the RCADS subscales and their SCARED-R counterparts are generally substantial. Convergent validity was found with the FSSC-R and the CES-D. The study included normal adolescents aged 10 to 19. Therefore, the findings cannot be extended to children under 10, nor to a clinical population. Altogether, the French version of the RCADS showed reasonable psychometric properties.

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