scholarly journals Developmental exposure to non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls promotes sensory deficits and disrupts dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja R. Brun ◽  
Jennifer M. Panlilio ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Yanbin Zhao ◽  
Evgeny Ivashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Developing Nervous System

AbstractThe most abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners found in the environment and in humans are neurotoxic. This is of particular concern for early life stages because the exposure of the more vulnerable developing nervous system to neurotoxic chemicals can result in neurobehavioral disorders. In this study, we uncover currently unknown links between PCB target mechanisms and neurobehavioral deficits using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. We investigated the effects of the abundant non-dioxin-like (NDL) congener PCB153 on neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission linked to the proper execution of a sensorimotor response. Zebrafish that were exposed during development to concentrations similar to those found in human cord blood and PCB contaminated sites showed a delay in startle response. Morphological and biochemical data demonstrate that even though PCB153-induced swelling of afferent sensory neurons, the disruption of dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling appears to contribute to PCB-induced motor deficits. A similar delay was observed for other NDL congeners but not for the potent dioxin-like congener PCB126. The effects on important and broadly conserved signaling mechanisms in vertebrates suggest that NDL PCBs may contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in humans and increased selection pressures in vertebrate wildlife.

scholarly journals Neurological mechanism of sensory deficits after developmental exposure to non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja R. Brun ◽  
Jennifer M. Panlilio ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Yanbin Zhao ◽  
Evgeny Ivashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Motor Movement ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Developing Nervous System

AbstractThe most abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners found in the environment and in humans are neurotoxic. This is of particular concern for early life stages because the exposure of the more vulnerable developing nervous system to chemicals can result in neurobehavioral disorders. To uncover currently unknown links between PCB target mechanisms and neurobehavioral deficits, we investigated the effects of the non-dioxin-like (NDL) congener PCB153 on neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission linked to the proper execution of a sensorimotor response using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. Zebrafish that were exposed during development to concentrations similar to those found in human cord blood and PCB contaminated sites showed a delay in startle response. A similar delay was observed for other NDL congeners but not for the potent dioxin-like congener PCB126. Morphological and biochemical data demonstrate that while exposure to PCB153 induced swelling of afferent sensory neurons, the disruption of dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling is the dominant mechanism associated with motor movement. The effects on important and broadly conserved signaling mechanisms in vertebrates suggest that NDL PCBs may contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in humans and, with the startle response being critical for the survival of fish, to evolutionary adaptation in wildlife.

scholarly journals Developmental exposure to methylmercury and resultant muscle mercury accumulation and adult motor deficits in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Rand ◽  
Katherine Conrad ◽  
Elena Marvin ◽  
Katherine Harvey ◽  
Don Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Mercury Accumulation ◽  
Developmental Exposure

Supraglottic and Pharyngeal Sensory Abnormalities in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Martin ◽  
Beverly Diamond ◽  
Jonathan E. Aviv ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
Monte S. Keen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Sensory Deficits

Dysphagia and aspiration are two devastating sequelae of stroke, accounting for nearly 40,000 deaths from aspiration pneumonia each year in the United States. While motor deficits in the larynx and pharynx are thought responsible for dysphagia and aspiration in stroke patients, no prior study has evaluated whether these patients also have sensory deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory capacity of the laryngopharynx (LP) in supratentorial or brain stem stroke patients who presented with dysphagia. Fifteen stroke patients (mean age, 66.7 ± 13.8 [SD] years) were prospectively evaluated by means of our previously described method whereby air pulse stimuli were delivered via a flexible fiberoptic telescope to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. There were 15 age-matched controls. No LP sensory deficits were found in any of the age-matched controls. In all stroke patients studied, either unilateral (n = 9) or bilateral (n=6) sensory deficits were identified. Deficits were defined as either a moderate impairment in sensory discrimination thresholds (3.5 to 6.0 mm Hg) or a severe sensory impairment (>6.0 mm Hg). These sensory discrimination thresholds were significantly greater than in age-matched controls (7.05 ± 0.17 mm Hg for the supratentorial group and 6.05 ± 1.22 mm Hg for the infratentorial group versus 2.61 ± 0.69 mm Hg for the controls). Among patients with unilateral deficits, sensory thresholds were moderately to severely elevated in all 9 cases on the affected side compared with the unaffected side (p < .01, Fisher's exact test). Moreover, the sensory thresholds of the unaffected side were not significantly different from those of age-matched controls (2.51 ± 0.25 mm Hg versus 2.61 ± 0.69 mm Hg, respectively). All 6 patients with bilateral deficits had severe impairments. The results of an outcome assessment in 13 of 15 patients revealed that 2 out of 5 patients with moderate LP sensory impairment and 5 out of 8 with severe impairment developed aspiration. Our results show for the first time that stroke patients with dysphagia have significant sensory deficits in the LP and that these impairments are likely to contribute to the development of aspiration.

A New Threat to Public Health: Organochlorines and Food

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Hume Hall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Developing Nervous System

Ambient levels of persistent toxic chemicals, chemicals that persist for decades in the environment, have reached levels high enough to affect the health of children. The organochlorines (PCBs, DDT and the dioxin family) accumulate in human adipose tissue. Pregnant women pass the contamination to their fetuses. The developing nervous system is the most vulnerable. Neurobehavioral deficits, including short-term memory loss, are detected in children born to mothers at the high end of the distribution curve of organochlorines. Humans are not alone in their susceptibility to these subtle effects. Wildlife exposed to the same spectrum of organochlorines as humans suffer a variety of behavioral changes. Rats and Rhesus monkeys fed diets containing the organochlorines under laboratory conditions exhibit behavioral changes that persist into adulthood. For humans, food provides 80 percent of organochlorine contamination. Meat, fish, dairy and commercial fruit are the main sources. A vegetarian diet including unsprayed fruit minimizes contamination. The ultimate solution to this public health problem is elimination of the organochlorines from the environment.

Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy: surgical technique and preliminary results compared to microsurgical discectomy

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Michael Mayer ◽  
Mario Brock
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Endoscopic Discectomy ◽  
Disc Herniations ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy is a new technique for removing “contained” lumbar disc herniations (those in which the outer border of the anulus fibrosus is intact) and small “noncontained” lumbar disc herniations (those at the level of the disc space and occupying less than one-third of the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal) through a posterolateral approach with the aid of specially developed instruments. The technique combines rigid straight, angled, and flexible forceps with automated high-power suction shaver and cutter systems. Access can thus be gained to the dorsal parts of the intervertebral space where the disc herniation is located. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy is monitored using an endoscope angled to 70° coupled with a television and video unit and is performed with the patient under local anesthesia and an anesthesiologist available if needed. Its indication is restricted to discogenic root compression with a minor neurological deficit. Two groups of patients with contained or small noncontained disc herniations were treated by either percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (20 cases) or microdiscectomy (20 cases). Both groups were investigated in a prospective randomized study in order to compare the efficacy of the two methods. The disc herniations were located at L2–3 (one patient), L3–4 (two patients), or L4–5 (37 patients). There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning age and sex distribution, preoperative evolution of complaints, prior conservative therapy, patient's occupation, preoperative disability, and clinical symptomatology. Two years after percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, sciatica had disappeared in 80% (16 of 20 patients), low-back pain in 47% (nine of 19 patients), sensory deficits in 92.3% (12 of 13 patients), and motor deficits in the one patient affected. Two years after microdiscectomy, sciatica had disappeared in 65% (13 of 20 patients), low-back pain in 25% (five of 20 patients), sensory deficits in 68.8% (11 of 16 patients), and motor deficits in all patients so affected. Only 72.2% of the patients in the microdiscectomy group had returned to their previous occupation versus 95% in the percutaneous endoscopic discectomy group. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy appears to offer an alternative to microdiscectomy for patients with “contained” and small subligamentous lumbar disc herniations.

P02 - 362 - Schizencephaly and psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 958-958
Author(s):  
P. Tibrewal ◽  
L. English ◽  
E. Foo ◽  
R.S. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Schizencephaly is an uncommon congenital disorder of cerebral cortical development, defined as a gray matter-lined cleft extending from the pial surface to the ventricle. It is a neuronal migration anomaly, caused by insults to migrating neuroblasts during 3rd to 5th gestational months.Ischemia, germline mutations, intrauterine infections and exposure to drugs have been implicated in its etiology. The outcome relates with the severity of pathology. Unilateral closed lip schizencephaly has the mildest clinical picture and bilateral open lip the most severe. The most prominent manifestations are motor deficits and seizures.Schizencephaly has been related with psychosis. However, there is paucity of literature exploring this relation. Pubmed search with “Schizencephaly AND Psychotic disorders OR Bipolar Disorders” as Mesh terms resulted in 9 results. Of these four discussed Schizencephaly. Rest five reports were related to other disorders of cortical malformation. We present an interesting case of schizencephaly associated with psychosis and congenital hemiparesis. We also present a review of literature available for this rare association.This case points towards the role of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the manifestation of psychosis and bipolar affective disorder. It indicates that presence of neurodevelopmental anomalies may have pathoplastic effects on the presentation of psychosis and may also influence treatment response adversely. A possible mechanism explaining the development of psychosis in schizencephaly is the disruption in intracortical connections. There is also a possibility of underlying ictal phenomenon leading to psychosis. The above case provides support to the neurodevelopmental theory of Schizophrenia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document