scholarly journals Back to feedback: aberrant sensorimotor control in music performance under pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Reiko Ishimaru ◽  
Takanori Oku ◽  
Noriko Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Sensorimotor Training ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Piano Practice

AbstractPrecisely timed production of dexterous actions is often destabilized in anxiogenic situations. Previous studies demonstrated that cognitive functions such as attention and working memory as well as autonomic nervous functions are susceptible to psychological stress in skillful performance while playing sports or musical instruments. However, it is not known whether the degradation of sensorimotor functions underlies such a compromise of skillful performance due to psychophysiological distress. Here, we addressed this issue through a set of behavioral experiments. After artificially delaying the timing of tone production while playing the piano, the local tempo was abnormally disrupted only under pressure. The results suggest that psychological stress degraded the temporal stability of movement control due to an abnormal increase in feedback gain. A learning experiment further demonstrated that the temporal instability of auditory-motor control under pressure was alleviated after practicing piano while ignoring delayed auditory feedback but not after practicing while compensating for the delayed feedback. Together, these findings suggest an abnormal transition from feedforward to feedback control in expert piano performance with psychological stress, which can be mitigated through specialized sensorimotor training that involves piano practice while volitionally ignoring the artificially delayed provision of auditory feedback.

scholarly journals Back to feedback: aberrant sensorimotor control in music performance under pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Reiko Ishimaru ◽  
Takanori Oku ◽  
Noriko Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Sensorimotor Training ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Piano Practice

ABSTRACTPrecisely timed production of dexterous actions is often destabilized in anxiogenic situations. Previous studies demonstrated that cognitive functions such as attention and working memory as well as autonomic nervous functions are susceptible to induced anxiety in skillful performance while playing sports or musical instruments. However, it is not known whether the degradation of motor functions, sensory perception, or sensorimotor control underlies such a compromise of skillful performance due to psychophysiological distress. Here, we addressed this issue through a series of behavioral experiments, which provided no evidence supporting for detrimental effects of the stress on the perceptual accuracy and precision of the finger movements in pianists. By contrast, after transiently delaying the timing of tone production while playing the piano, the local tempo was abnormally disrupted only under pressure. The results suggest that psychological stress degraded the temporal stability of movement control due to an abnormal increase in sensory feedback gain but not temporal perception or motor precision. A learning experiment further demonstrated that the temporal instability of auditory-motor control under pressure was alleviated after practicing piano while ignoring delayed auditory feedback but not after practicing while compensating for the delayed feedback. Together, these findings suggest an abnormal transition from feedforward to feedback control in expert piano performance in anxiogenic situations, which can be mitigated through specialized sensorimotor training that involves piano practice while volitionally ignoring the artificially delayed provision of auditory feedback.

scholarly journals Variations in glenohumeral movement control when implementing an auditory feedback system: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barramuño ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Exequiel Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
System A ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Human Motor

Introduction: Human motor control requires a learning process and it can be trained by means of various sensory feedback sources.Objective: To determine variations in glenohumeral movement control by learning in young adults exposed to an auditory feedback system while they perform object translation tasks classified by difficulty level.Materials and methods: The study involved 45 volunteers of both sexes (22 women), aged between 18 and 32 years. Glenohumeral movement control was measured by means of the root mean square (RMS) of the accelerometry signal, while task execution speed (TES) was measured using an accelerometer during the execution of the task according to its difficulty (easy, moderate and hard) in four stages of randomized intervention (control, pre-exposure, exposure-with auditory feedback, and post-exposure).Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the pre-exposure and exposure stages and between pre-exposure and post-exposure stages. A significant increase (p <0.001) in TES was identified between the pre-exposure and exposure stages for tasks classified as easy and hard, respectively.Conclusion: The use of an auditory feedback system in young adults without pathologies enhanced learning and glenohumeral movement control without reducing TES. This effect was maintained after the feedback, so the use of this type of feedback system in healthy individuals could result in a useful strategy for the training of motor control of the shoulder.

scholarly journals Cerebellar patients have intact feedback control that can be leveraged to improve reaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Zimmet ◽  
Amy J. Bastian ◽  
Noah J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Predictive Role

ABSTRACTIt is thought that the brain does not simply react to sensory feedback, but rather uses an internal model of the body to predict the consequences of motor commands before sensory feedback arrives. Time-delayed sensory feedback can then be used to correct for the unexpected—perturbations, motor noise, or a moving target. The cerebellum has been implicated in this predictive control process. Here we show that the feedback gain in patients with cerebellar ataxia matches that of healthy subjects, but that patients exhibit substantially more phase lag. This difference is captured by a computational model incorporating a Smith predictor in healthy subjects that is missing in patients, supporting the predictive role of the cerebellum in feedback control. Lastly, we improve cerebellar patients’ movement control by altering (phase advancing) the visual feedback they receive from their own self movement in a simplified virtual reality setup.

scholarly journals Cerebellar patients have intact feedback control that can be leveraged to improve reaching

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Zimmet ◽  
Di Cao ◽  
Amy J Bastian ◽  
Noah J Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Predictive Role

It is thought that the brain does not simply react to sensory feedback, but rather uses an internal model of the body to predict the consequences of motor commands before sensory feedback arrives. Time-delayed sensory feedback can then be used to correct for the unexpected—perturbations, motor noise, or a moving target. The cerebellum has been implicated in this predictive control process. Here, we show that the feedback gain in patients with cerebellar ataxia matches that of healthy subjects, but that patients exhibit substantially more phase lag. This difference is captured by a computational model incorporating a Smith predictor in healthy subjects that is missing in patients, supporting the predictive role of the cerebellum in feedback control. Lastly, we improve cerebellar patients’ movement control by altering (phase advancing) the visual feedback they receive from their own self movement in a simplified virtual reality setup.

scholarly journals Electrical Brain Responses Reveal Sequential Constraints on Planning during Music Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mathias ◽  
William Gehring ◽  
Caroline Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Far Future

Elements in speech and music unfold sequentially over time. To produce sentences and melodies quickly and accurately, individuals must plan upcoming sequence events, as well as monitor outcomes via auditory feedback. We investigated the neural correlates of sequential planning and monitoring processes by manipulating auditory feedback during music performance. Pianists performed isochronous melodies from memory at an initially cued rate while their electroencephalogram was recorded. Pitch feedback was occasionally altered to match either an immediately upcoming Near-Future pitch (next sequence event) or a more distant Far-Future pitch (two events ahead of the current event). Near-Future, but not Far-Future altered feedback perturbed the timing of pianists’ performances, suggesting greater interference of Near-Future sequential events with current planning processes. Near-Future feedback triggered a greater reduction in auditory sensory suppression (enhanced response) than Far-Future feedback, reflected in the P2 component elicited by the pitch event following the unexpected pitch change. Greater timing perturbations were associated with enhanced cortical sensory processing of the pitch event following the Near-Future altered feedback. Both types of feedback alterations elicited feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3a potentials and amplified spectral power in the theta frequency range. These findings suggest similar constraints on producers’ sequential planning to those reported in speech production.

Effects of Psychological Stress on State Anxiety, Electromyographic Activity, and Arpeggio Performance in Pianists

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Michiko Yoshie ◽  
Kazutoshi Kudo ◽  
Tatsuyuki Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Music Performance Anxiety ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

The present study examined the effects of psychological stress, as manipulated by performance evaluation, on the cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components of music performance anxiety (MPA) and performance quality. Twelve skilled pianists (five women, seven men) aged 21.9 ± 3.3 yrs performed arpeggios on a digital piano at the metronome-paced fastest possible tempo under the evaluation and no-evaluation conditions. Measurements were made of self-reported state anxiety, heart rate (HR), sweat rate (SR), and electromyographic (EMG) activity from eight arm and shoulder muscles, and MIDI signals were obtained. The increases in self-reported anxiety score, HR, and SR in the evaluation condition confirmed the effectiveness of stress manipulation. The EMG activity of all the muscles investigated significantly increased from the no-evaluation to evaluation condition, suggesting that psychological stress can add to the risk of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, the elevated muscle activity in the forearm was accompanied by increased key velocities. We also obtained the first evidence of increased arm stiffness associated with MPA by estimating the cocontraction levels of antagonist muscles in the forearm and upper arm. Consistent with the three systems model of anxiety, the three MPA components were moderately intercorrelated. Participants with high trait anxiety showed stronger correlations between the self-reported anxiety score and other objective measures, which indicated their heightened perceptual sensitivity to physiological and behavioral changes caused by psychological stress. These results provide some practical implications for understanding and coping with MPA.

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