Analgesic effect of intrathecally administered orexin-A in the rat formalin test and in the rat hot plate test

Background.Therapeutic properties ofTeucriumspecies as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, diuretic, and tonic compounds have been proved earlier.Materials and Methods. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract ofTeucrium persicumon chronic pain, sciatic nerve ligation as a model of neuropathic pain, and inflammatory models were investigated by formalin, hot-plate, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models in mice, respectively.T. persicumaqueous extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were orally gavaged for one week. On 8th day, the time spent and the number of lickings were recorded in formalin test. Morphine and Diclofenac were used intraperitoneally as positive controls. In sciatic nerve ligated animals, as a model of neuropathic pain, doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) ofT. persicumextract (TPE) were orally gavaged for 14 consecutive days. The analgesic effect of this extract was examined 14 days after sciatic nerve ligation using the hot-plate test. Controls received saline and Imipramine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was used a positive control for neuropathic pain model.Results.In the formalin test, a week oral gavage of all TPE doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease on the licking response compared to the control negative animals. In the hot-plate test, doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant analgesic effects in sciatic nerve ligated animals. Oral gavaged of TPE revealed significant analgesic effect on chronic pain in both formalin test and sciatic nerve ligated animals. The TPEs did not have any significant anti-inflammatory effects in cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice.Conclusions.These results suggest that the aqueous extract fromT. persicumBoiss. produced antinociceptive effects. Its exact mechanism of action still remains indistinct.

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Analgesic Activity of the Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist RU-1205 in Rats

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24191/jchs.v3i2.7275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AA Spasov ◽

OY Grechko ◽

DM Shtareva ◽

AI Raschenko ◽

Natalia Eliseeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opioid Receptor ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Physical Dependence ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽

Kappa Opioid ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test

Introduction: Opioid analgesics are the most efficient and widely used drugs for the management of moderate to severe pain. However, side effects associated with mu receptor activation, such as respiratory depression, tolerance and physical dependence severely limit their clinical application. Currently, the kappa-opioid system is the most attractive in terms of the clinical problem of pain, because kappa-agonists do not cause euphoria and physical dependence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the novel compound - RU-1205. Methods: The analgesic activity of RU-1205 was studied on nociceptive models that characterize the central and peripheral pathways of pain sensitivity (hot plate test, electrically induced vocalisation, formalin test, writhing test). Results: RU-1205 exhibited highly potent antinociceptive effects in rodent models of acute pain with ED50 values of 0.002 - 0.49 mg /kg. Pretreatment with the κ-opioid receptor antagonist norBinaltorphimine significantly attenuated the analgesic activity of investigated substance in a hot plate test. Conclusions: It was established that the compound shows a significant dose-dependent central and peripheral analgesic effect. It was assumed kappa-opioidergic mechanism of analgesic effect of RU-1205.

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Preparation and Analysis of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Pyrazolines Derivative for Their Analgesic Potential

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57a33979 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153-164

Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Alok Pal Jain ◽

O. P. Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Latency Time ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Phenyl Hydrazine ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Test Technique ◽

Plate Test ◽

Withdrawal Latency ◽

In Series

The goal of the study was to develop, synthesise, and characterise a novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative, as well as to assess its analgesic potential. The reaction of chalcone derivatives with 4-hydrazinylbenzene sulfonamide hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride yielded 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives. The IR, 1HNMR, and mass spectrum analyses were used to characterise a total of sixteen substances. Analgesic activity of the proposed substances has been tested. The analgesic effect of the produced compounds was tested using two methods: the hot plate test technique and acetic acid induced writhing in mice. To compare the effectiveness, pentazocine and acetyl acetic acid were utilised as reference drugs. The hot plate test technique and acetic acid induced writhing in mice were used to assess the analgesic effect of the 16 produced chemical series A1-A8, and B1-B8. The evaluation's outcomes were viewed using Pentazocine and acetyl acetic acid as the standard drugs. In a 90-minute hot plate test, compounds A2 (10.30 s), A4 (9.45 s), A7 (11.65 s), and A8 (11.26 s) showed a delay in paw withdrawal latency time. Compounds B2 (9.10 s) and B7 (10.42 s) prolong the paw withdrawal latency time after 90 minutes in series B1-B8, reduce the pain feeling, and inhibit pain induced by heat methods. Compounds A2, A5, A6, A7, and A8 from Series A1-A8 showed 83.00, 76.01, 80.34, 86.99, 88.15 percent inhibition, substantially (p0.05 and p0.001, respectively), and decreased the number of wriths caused by 0.6 percent acetic acid at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) appears to be more successful in lowering the number of wriths, with a 99.0% reduction in the number of wriths (p0.001). B1, B3, and B4 have the least amount of active activity. These all finding suggest that these synthesized compounds have the potential as analgesic agent.

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Antinociceptive Effect of Clomipramine Through Interaction with Serotonin 5-Нт2 And 5-Нт3 Receptor Subtypes

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/v10153-012-0008-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilia D. Kostadinov ◽

Delian P. Delev ◽

Ivanka I. Kostadinova

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Receptor Subtypes ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Acid Test

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tricyclic antidepressants are used in the treatment of various pain syndromes. The antidepressant clomipramine inhibits predominantly the reuptake of serotonin in the central nervous system. The mechanism of its analgesic effect is not fully understood. The AIM of the present study was to find experimentally any dose-effect dependence in the analgesic effect of clomipramine and the involvement of the 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in the mechanism of this effect. Material and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were used in the study allocated to five groups (10 animals each): a saline treated control group, one positive control group treated with metamizole and three experimental groups treated with intraperitoneally administered clomipramine in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively. To study the role of 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in this effect we used another five groups (10 animals each): control, positive control and three experimental groups treated with clomipramine only, clomipramine and granisetrone and clomipramine and cyproheptadine, respectively. Three nociceptive tests were used: the hot plate test, analgesimeter and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. To gauge the antinociceptive action we used the increased latency in the hot plate test expressed as maximum possible effect % (%MPE), the increase in paw pressure to withdraw the hind paw in analgesimeter and decrease in the number of spinal cord writhes in the acetic acid test. RESULTS: Clomipramine in a dose of 20 mg/kg bw significantly increased the %MPE in hot plate test and the pressure to withdraw the hind paw in the analgesimeter when compared with the control. In the acetic acid test clomipramine decreased non-significantly the number of writhes compared with the controls. Granisetrone reduced non-significantly the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in all tests. Cyproheptadine potentiated the analgesic effect of clomipramine in acetic acid test and decreased it significantly in the hot plate test. In analgesimeter cyproheptadine decreased significantly the paw pressure to withdraw the tested hind paw at 1 hour and non-significantly at 2 hours. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine in the dose of 20 mg/kg bw has a pronounced antinociceptive affect towards thermal and mechanical pain stimulation. The 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes are very likely involved in the mechanism of this effect.

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Analgesic Effect of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr.) on Mice (Mus musculus) by Hot Plate Test Method

Biomolecular and Health Science Journal ◽

10.20473/bhsj.v4i1.26915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Muhammad Hafizh ◽

Danti Nur Indiastuti ◽

Indri Safitri Mukono

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Latency Period ◽

Test Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Eleutherine Americana

Introduction: Pain is an unpleasant experience that reduces a person's quality of life. Pain related complain can be treated by administering analgesic drugs. Several studies show that the availability of analgesics is still low, especially opioid analgesics. Dayak onion (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr.) are used by the Dayaks to relieve pain. Several empirical studies have shown that Dayak onion contain compounds including quercetin as a potential analgesic. This research aimed to investigate the potential analgesic effect of Dayak onion using hot plate method.Methods: The research was conducted experimentally on 36 BALB/c male mice which randomly divided into 6 different treatment groups of Dayak onion exctract, aspirin, codein and aquadest. Each group were thermally pain-induced for latency period measurement by the hot plate test method. Obtained data were processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett test.Results: There was a difference in the latency period between the baseline response time and the response time after being treated in each group. ANOVA test results showed significant results (p<0.05) so that the resulting latency period was significant. Dunnett test results showed significant results (p<0.05) in negative control group. Based on these results, Dayak onion are proven to have an analgesic effect on heat stimulation.Conclusion: Dayak onion possess significant analgesic effect on thermally pain-induced mice. Dayak onion extract 90 mg/kg mouse produced better analgesic effects than aspirin 65 mg/kg mouse.

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Analgesic properties of dealcoholized extract of Acorus Calamus Leaves

ScienceRise Biological Science ◽

10.15587/2519-8025.2021.242006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Lyudmyla Derymedvid ◽

Lyudmyla Korang

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Latency Period ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Plate Model ◽

Narcotic Analgesics ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test

Opioid and non-narcotic analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anesthetics, antidepressants, myorelaxants, combined agents and phytopreparations are widely used for the treatment of pain syndrome. One of the promising phytogenic objects with potential analgesic properties is the Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag). The aim: the purpose of the study is to determine the analgesic effect of the dealcoholized extract of Acorus calamus leaves (DEAL) on a model of pain in the "Hot plate" test and in the test of tail heat immersion. Materials and methods. During the experimental study, the pharmacological methods have been used. The analgesic properties of DEAL were studied in mice on the "Hot plate" model using the Hot / Cold Plate (Bioseb, France) and in the test of the heat immersion in rats. The results. On the models of pain in the "Hot plate" and tail heat immersion tests, the analgesic effect of the dealcoholized extract of Acorus calamus leaves (DEAL) is determined. On the "Hot plate" model, the use of DEAL probably increased the duration of the latency period. According to the analgesic effect of DEAL and metamizol sodium were comparable to each other continues to 1 and 1.5 hours of experiment, but starting with 2 hours of experiment the analgesic action of metamizol sodium statistically exceeded the analgesic effect of DEAL. In the test of heat immersion tail in rats, DEAL increased the latency period of shocking of the rats’ tail compared to the starting background by 43.13 % as well as metamizol sodium by 66.6 %. The studies have shown the presence of moderate analgesic effects of DEAL in the investigated dose. Conclusions. The analgesic effect of a dealcoholized extract of Acorus calamus leaves (DEAL) on a model of pain in the "Hot plate" and heat tail immersion tests has been carried out. Under the "Hot plate" test in mice, DEAL produces a distinct analgesic effect, however, slightly inferior to the severity of metamizol sodium. Presence of moderate analgesic properties of DEAL has been verified in comparison with the metamizel sodium in thetail heat immersion test in rats. The obtained results indicate the influence of DEAL on the central mechanisms of pain formation

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Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects in Rodent Models of Ethanol Extract of Clausena anisata Roots and their Chemical Constituents

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia ◽

Kofi Annan ◽

Rita Akosua Dickson ◽

Abraham Yeboah Mensah ◽

Isaac Kingsley Amponsah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude ethanol extract and chemical constituents of Clausena anisata roots were investigated. The crude extract, which was devoid of any visible acute toxicity, displayed significant anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 1000 mg/kg (p.o.) when assessed using the carrageenan-induced oedema model. In the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests, it produced a very significant ( p < 0.001), dose-dependent analgesic effect, with maximum analgesic activity of 72.1% at 1000 mg/kg (p.o.). Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract resulted in the isolation of four coumarins (anisocoumarin B, osthol, imperatorin and xanthotoxol) and a carbazole alkaloid, heptaphylline. Among the isolated compounds, osthol and anisocoumarin B produced the highest anti-inflammatory activity at 9 mg/kg (p.o.): slightly better than the positive control, indomethacin. Except for xanthotoxol, all the isolated compounds administered at 6 mg/kg (p.o.) produced significant analgesic activity and higher than diclofenac; with heptaphylline being the most potent (48.7%). The analgesic activity of anisocoumarin B (50.4%) was the highest among the isolates tested and the standard, tramadol, in the hot plate test. The nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, abolished the analgesic effect of the crude extract and the tested isolates (anisocoumarin B and xanthotoxol) in the hot plate test suggesting an effect via the central opioidergic system. These findings provide the scientific basis for the use of C. anisata roots in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

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Ejaculation induced changes in escape latency in the hot plate test: Pharmacological analysis of anxiolytic versus analgesic effect

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0166-4328(94)90147-3 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Saldívar-González ◽

A. Fernández-Guasti

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Escape Latency ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Pharmacological Analysis ◽

Induced Changes

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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Rhodiola Rosea L. extract in rats

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/folmed-2013-0030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (3-4) ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nina D. Doncheva ◽

Anita St. Mihaylova ◽

Damianka P. Getova

Keyword(s):

Formalin Test ◽

Heated Surface ◽

Rhodiola Rosea ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Alcohol Water ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Rhodiola Rosea Extract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rhodiola rosea (golden root) is a unique phytoadaptagen with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the alcohol/water extract of Rhodiola rosea roots in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study. They were divided in 3 groups (n = 10), treated respectively with saline (controls), Rhodiola rosea extract 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw orally. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the hot-plate test, Randall-Sellito test and the formalin test. The hot-plate test evaluates the reaction time of rats which are dropped on a heated surface. The analgesy-meter test exerts a force increased at constant rate. In the formalin test we measured the total time spent in licking the injected paw during the early (0-10 min) and late phase (20-30 min) of test. To study anti-inflammatory effect the carrageenan-induced paw edema was used. The paw volume was measured plethysmometrically at 2, 3 and 4 hours. RESULTS: In the hot-plate test Rhodiola rosea increased in both doses the latency reaction compared with that in the controls. In analgesy-meter test Rhodiola rosea in a dose of 50 mg/kg showed a significant increase of pressure reaction compared with the controls. In the formalin test Rhodiola rosea in a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly decreased the paw licking time during the first phase. In the plethysmometer test Rhodiola rosea extract significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema when compared with the saline-induced edema. CONCLUSION: The studied extract of Rhodiola rosea exhibited significant analgesic activity in all the pain models used - inhibition of thermal pain, mechanical hyperalgesia and formalin-induced pain behavior. Significant anti-inflammatory activity was observed from Rhodiola rosea extract in carrageenan induced paw edema in rats.

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