scholarly journals A summary statistic approach to sequence variation in noncoding regions of six schizophrenia-associated gene loci

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Winantea ◽  
My Ngo Hoang ◽  
Stefanie Ohlraun ◽  
Marcella Rietschel ◽  
Sven Cichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Summary Statistic ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
Statistic Approach

scholarly journals Maternal Lineages of the Cultivated Strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa, Revealed by Chloroplast DNA Variation

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Honjo ◽  
Sono Kataoka ◽  
Susumu Yui ◽  
Masami Morishita ◽  
Miyuki Kunihisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Leaf Variegation ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Almost All

We analyzed sequence variation in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) to investigate the origin of the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa. From analysis of two noncoding regions, trnL–trnF and trnR–rrn5, we found three haplotypes (V, C, and X) in F. ×ananassa. Haplotype V corresponded to the haplotype of F. virginiana and was possessed by cultivars bred over a wide geographic range, including North America, Europe, and Japan. Almost all the North American cultivars analyzed in this study possessed haplotype V, suggesting a founder effect. Haplotype C corresponded to the haplotype of F. chiloensis and was detected mainly in Japanese cultivars. Haplotype X was found in only two English cultivars. This haplotype was positioned as intermediate between haplotypes V and C in a median-joining network and was considered to be representative of the process of differentiation between F. virginiana and F. chiloensis. Results of controlled crosses indicate that cpDNA haplotypes of F. ×ananassa are maternally inherited. These results verify that F. ×ananassa is an interspecific hybrid between F. virginiana and F. chiloensis and indicate that traditional cultivars of F. ×ananassa have been derived from at least three maternal lineages. We demonstrate that the cpDNA variation detected in this study can be used to verify parentage and for extending hypotheses about June yellows, a leaf variegation disorder in strawberry.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, MOTIVASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. ADYA TOURS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Multiple Determination ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Transformation Leadership ◽  
Statistic Approach

Transformation Leadership, Motivation and Satisfiction are the three factors of a few relatively large factors suspected to influence Performance on the PT. Adya Tours. These research aimed to determine the effect of Transformation Leadership, Motivation and Satisfiction toward Performance on the PT. Adya Tours.Research conducted at the PT. Adya Tours by taking 71 employees as the research sample, calculated using the Slovin formula of the total population of 240 employees  at  the  margin  of  error  of  10%.  Data  were collected by questionnaire instruments covered by the five rating scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Quantitative research was conducted by describing and analyzing research data. The multiple linier regression analysis and multiple determination coeficient are the statistic approach to data analysis.The study produced four major findings consistent with the hypothesis put forward, that are: 1) Transformation Leadership has a significant effect on Performance  in  a  positive  direction;  2)  Motivation  has  a  significant  effect  on Performance in a positive direction; 3) Satisfiction has a significant effect on Performance in a positive direction; 4) Transformation Leadership, Motivation and Satisfiction simultaneously influence 92.70% Performance variability.Base on the research finding, in order to increase Performance can be done by increasing Transformation Leadership, Motivation and Satisfiction. Kata kunci:Transformation Leadership, Motivation, Satisfaction, Performance

scholarly journals Amino Acid Repeats Cause Extraordinary Coding Sequence Variation in the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e46150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clea Scala ◽  
Xiangjun Tian ◽  
Natasha J. Mehdiabadi ◽  
Margaret H. Smith ◽  
Gerda Saxer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Repeats ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Sequence Variation and Haplotype Structure at the HumanHFELocus

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 1609-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Toomajian ◽  
Martin Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Iron Regulation ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Show Evidence

AbstractThe HFE locus encodes an HLA class-I-type protein important in iron regulation and segregates replacement mutations that give rise to the most common form of genetic hemochromatosis. The high frequency of one disease-associated mutation, C282Y, and the nature of this disease have led some to suggest a selective advantage for this mutation. To investigate the context in which this mutation arose and gain a better understanding of HFE genetic variation, we surveyed nucleotide variability in 11.2 kb encompassing the HFE locus and experimentally determined haplotypes. We fully resequenced 60 chromosomes of African, Asian, or European ancestry as well as one chimpanzee, revealing 41 variable sites and a nucleotide diversity of 0.08%. This indicates that linkage to the HLA region has not substantially increased the level of HFE variation. Although several haplotypes are shared between populations, one haplotype predominates in Asia but is nearly absent elsewhere, causing higher than average genetic differentiation among the three major populations. Our samples show evidence of intragenic recombination, so the scarcity of recombination events within the C282Y allele class is consistent with selection increasing the frequency of a young allele. Otherwise, the pattern of variability in this region does not clearly indicate the action of positive selection at this or linked loci.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Isochores: Evidence From SNP Frequency Distributions

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1805-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Lercher ◽  
Nick G C Smith ◽  
Adam Eyre-Walker ◽  
Laurence D Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Mutation Bias ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
Standard Population

AbstractThe large-scale systematic variation in nucleotide composition along mammalian and avian genomes has been a focus of the debate between neutralist and selectionist views of molecular evolution. Here we test whether the compositional variation is due to mutation bias using two new tests, which do not assume compositional equilibrium. In the first test we assume a standard population genetics model, but in the second we make no assumptions about the underlying population genetics. We apply the tests to single-nucleotide polymorphism data from noncoding regions of the human genome. Both models of neutral mutation bias fit the frequency distributions of SNPs segregating in low- and medium-GC-content regions of the genome adequately, although both suggest compositional nonequilibrium. However, neither model fits the frequency distribution of SNPs from the high-GC-content regions. In contrast, a simple population genetics model that incorporates selection or biased gene conversion cannot be rejected. The results suggest that mutation biases are not solely responsible for the compositional biases found in noncoding regions.

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