Map-based Cloning and Characterization of the BPH18 Gene from Wild Rice Conferring Resistance to Brown Planthopper (BPH) Insect Pest

Abstract Brown planthopper (BPH) is a phloem sap-sucking insect pest of rice which causes severe yield loss. We cloned the BPH18 gene from the BPH-resistant introgression line derived from the wild rice species Oryza australiensis. Map-based cloning and complementation test revealed that the BPH18 encodes CC-NBS-NBS-LRR protein. BPH18 has two NBS domains, unlike the typical NBS-LRR proteins. The BPH18 promoter::GUS transgenic plants exhibited strong GUS expression in the vascular bundles of the leaf sheath, especially in phloem cells where the BPH attacks. The BPH18 proteins were widely localized to the endo-membranes in a cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, and prevacuolar compartments, suggesting that BPH18 may recognize the BPH invasion at endo-membranes in phloem cells. Whole genome sequencing of the near-isogenic lines (NILs), NIL-BPH18 and NIL-BPH26, revealed that BPH18 located at the same locus of BPH26. However, these two genes have remarkable sequence differences and the independent NILs showed differential BPH resistance with different expression patterns of plant defense-related genes, indicating that BPH18 and BPH26 are functionally different alleles. These findings would facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanism of BPH resistance and the identified novel alleles to fast track breeding BPH resistant rice cultivars.

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Evolutionary Understanding of Metacaspase Genes in Cultivated and Wild Oryza Species and Its Role in Disease Resistance Mechanism in Rice

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11121412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1412

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal ◽

Nitika Rana ◽

Akshay Singh ◽

Pallavi Dhiman ◽

Rushil Mandlik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

North East ◽

Wild Rice Species

Metacaspases (MCs), a class of cysteine-dependent proteases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa, are predominately involved in programmed cell death processes. In this study, we identified metacaspase genes in cultivated and wild rice species. Characterization of metacaspase genes identified both in cultivated subspecies of Oryza sativa, japonica, and indica and in nine wild rice species was performed. Extensive computational analysis was conducted to understand gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, cis-regulatory elements, expression patterns, and haplotypic variations. Further, the haplotyping study of metacaspase genes was conducted using the whole-genome resequencing data publicly available for 4726 diverse genotype and in-house resequencing data generated for north-east Indian rice lines. Sequence variations observed among wild and cultivated rice species for metacaspase genes were used to understand the duplication and neofunctionalization events. The expression profiles of metacaspase genes were analyzed using RNA-seq transcriptome profiling in rice during different developmental stages and stress conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of candidate metacaspase genes in rice cultivars Pusa Basmati-1 in response to Magnaporthe oryzae infection indicated a significant role in the disease resistance mechanism. The information provided here will help to understand the evolution of metacaspases and their role under stress conditions in rice.

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Fine mapping and pyramiding of brown planthopper resistance genes QBph3 and QBph4 in an introgression line from wild rice O. officinalis

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-015-0228-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jie Hu ◽

Cong Xiao ◽

Mingxing Cheng ◽

Guanjun Gao ◽

Qinglu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Fine Mapping ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Introgression Line ◽

Brown Planthopper Resistance

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Spesies Padi Liar (Oryza sp.) sebagai Sumber Gen Ketahanan Cekaman Abiotik dan Biotik pada Padi Budidaya

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p197-207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Tintin Suhartini

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Wild Rice Species ◽

Oryza Meyeriana

ABSTRACT Wild rice species could be used for improvement of rice varieties because they have a good character for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of Indonesian wild rice species are Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon and O. schlechteri. IRRI has a collection of 2,500 accesions of wild rice and 18 species were collected in ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Some species of wild rice are known to have resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. A number of accessions of O. officinalis contained resistance gene to brown planthopper, blast disease, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and sheath rot. One of the species that has resistance to pests and diseases is O. minuta. The resistance to tungro virus occurs in O. punctata. Tolerance to drought, Al and Fe toxicities occurs in wild rice species of O. sativa genome AA group. Resistance genes from wild rice species can be inserted into cultivated rice through conventional techniques in combination with biotechnology, while gene transfer and gene detection from wild rice to cultivated rice can be done through cross breeding, molecular markers, backcrossing and embryo rescue. The success of introgression of resistance genes from wild rice species to cultivated rice will increase genetic diversity of rice. As an example O. minuta has been implemented in introgression of BLB resistance gene on IR64. Introgression of O. nivara gene in IRRI had improved some superior rice varieties in Indonesia, namely IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36 and IR38, which were tolerant to brown planthopper, dwarf virus and bacterial leaf blight. Oryza rufipogon wich has BLB and blast resistance gene has been used for improvement of new varieties Inpari Blas and Inpari HDB which were released in 2013. Keywords: Oryza spp., varietal improvement, resistance genes, biotic stresses, abiotic stressesAbstrakSpesies padi liar dapat dimanfaatkan dalam perakitan varietas unggul karena memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Spesies padi liar yang ada di Indonesia adalah Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon, dan O. schlechteri. IRRI memiliki koleksi 2.500 aksesi padi liar dan 18 spesies dikoleksi di BB Biogen. Sejumlah aksesi O. officinalis memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap wereng coklat, penyakit blas, hawar daun bakteri (HDB), dan busuk pelepah. Salah satu spesies yang memiliki ketahanan terhadap hama-penyakit tersebut adalah O. minuta. Ketahanan terhadap virus tungro terdapat pada O. punctata. Toleransi terhadap kekeringan, keracunan Al, dan Fe terdapat pada spesies padi liar kelompok O. sativa genom AA. Gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar dapat dimasukkan (introgresi) ke dalam padi budi daya melalui teknik konvensional yang dikombinasikan dengan bioteknologi, sementara transfer gen dapat melalui persilangan, marka molekuler, silang balik, dan penyelamatan embrio. Keberhasilan introgresi gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar ke padi budi daya akan meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman. Spesies padi liar O. minuta telah dimanfaatkan dalam introgresi gen ketahanan HDB pada varietas IR64. Introgresi gen asal O. nivara di IRRI menambah varietas unggul di Indonesia, yaitu IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36, dan IR38, yang toleran terhadap wereng coklat, virus kerdil rumput, dan HDB. Spesies padi liar O. rufipogon yang memiliki gen ketahanan HDB dan blas telah digunakan dalam pembentukan varietas unggul baru Inpari HDB dan Inpari Blas yang dilepas pada 2013.

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NADPH Oxidase 5 Is Essential for Molting and Oviposition in a Rice Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Lu-Yao Peng ◽

Zhen-Wei Dai ◽

Rui-Rui Yang ◽

Zhen Zhu ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

First Choice ◽

Nadph Oxidase 5

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing N. lugens populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks. Nilaparvata lugens is a model insect of Hemiptera because its whole genome sequence has been elucidated and is susceptible to RNA interference. In this study, our findings revealed that a superoxide-generating gene, NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5), is essential for molting and oviposition in a Hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens. Knockdown of Nox5 transcript levels by RNA interference in 2nd–5th-instar nymphs results in significantly lethal deficits in the molting transitions from nymph–nymph and nymph–adult. Nox5 knockdown leads to a reduction of hydrogen peroxide in female ovaries and failure of oviposition from the insect ovipositor into the rice leaf sheath. Here, we provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that Nox5 is a key enzyme for regulating molting and oviposition in this insect species.

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Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) from Wild Rice Species

Rice Science ◽

10.1016/j.rsci.2016.06.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Preetinder S. Sarao ◽

Gurpreet K. Sahi ◽

Kumari Neelam ◽

Gurjit S. Mangat ◽

Bhaskar C. Patra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Rice ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Wild Rice Species ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

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Erratum: Erratum: Map-based Cloning and Characterization of the BPH18 Gene from Wild Rice Conferring Resistance to Brown Planthopper (BPH) Insect Pest

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep36688 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyeonso Ji ◽

Sung-Ryul Kim ◽

Yul-Ho Kim ◽

Jung-Pil Suh ◽

Hyang-Mi Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Rice ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper

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Regulation of Tomato Leaf Curl Viral Gene Expression in Host Tissues

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.5.529 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 529-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ian Dry ◽

Les Krake ◽

Phil Mullineaux ◽

Ali Rezaian

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gus Expression ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Viral Gene ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Virion Sense ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Complementary Sense ◽

Leaf Curl

The regulation of expression of the two virion-sense (V1 and V2) and four complementary-sense (C1, C2, C3, and C4) open reading frames (ORFs) of Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) was studied in both stably and transiently transformed Nicotiana tabacum tissues with fusions with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. GUS-expressing transgenic lines were obtained with each of the four complementary-sense gene-GUS fusion constructs and with truncated versions of the virion-sense gene-GUS fusion constructs (V1GUSΔC and V2GUSΔC) lacking complementary-sense sequences encoding the C1, C2, and C3 ORFs. However, little or no GUS expression was observed in kanamycin-resistant plants transformed with full-length, virion-sense gene constructs (V1GUS and V2GUS) constituting the complete viral genome. In contrast, V1GUS and V2GUS were found to direct high-level GUS expression in transient assays with tobacco protoplasts, suggesting that integration of viral constructs containing functional, complementary-sense genes may lead to repression or deletion of the introduced constructs in trans-genic tissues. V2GUS expression in the transient proto-plast assay was found to be severely curtailed by specific mutation of the C2 ORF, supporting a role for the C2 protein in transactivation of TLCV virion-sense gene expression. TLCV ORF-GUS constructs displayed distinctive tissue expression patterns in transgenic tobacco plants that could be divided into constitutive (C1, C4, and V2GUSΔC), predominantly vascular (C2, C3), or reduced expression in cells associated with the vascular bundles (V1GUSΔC). The significance of these results is discussed in terms of current models of gene function and regulation in geminiviruses.

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The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600026381 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 457-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. J. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Floral Development ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Cellulose Digestibility ◽

Wimmera Ryegrass ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anatomical Parameters

SUMMARYPotential cellulose digestibility, measured by incubation in vitrofor 6 days, decreased during floral development in perennial ryegrass, Wimmera ryegrass, cocksfoot, oat and tall fescue. The rate of decline was slower than for cellulose digestibility measured after incubation in vitro for 2 days only. Morphological fractions ranked in order of descending potential cellulose digestibility – leaf blade, inflorescence, leaf sheath and stem.Lignin content was determined chemically by the method of Van Soest (1963) and lignified tissue was assessed by staining transverse sections of leaf blades and leaf sheaths with safranin and fast green. Both lignin and lignified tissue increased with maturity. Lignified tissue increased mainly through increase in the number of scleren-chyma cells, but was also affected by the formation of lacunae or cavities between the vascular bundles in leaf blades of cocksfoot and in leaf sheaths of all species studied. For 19 samples of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, potential cellulose digestibility had significant negative correlations with both lignin content (r = -0·862) and lignified tissue (r = -0·905). Limitations to the techniques used to assess lignification and further factors which may affect the relationship between lignification and potential cellulose digestibility are discussed.

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