Chapter 2. Recent method developments and applications in computational photochemistry, chemiluminescene and bioluminescence

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Roca-Sanjuán ◽  
Ignacio Fdez. Galván ◽  
Roland Lindh ◽  
Ya-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Recent Method

VIDEO-SHOT TRANSITION DETECTION: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL SALIENCY APPROACH

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAN WU ◽  
JIANHUANG LAI ◽  
PONG C. YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Detection Error ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Video Shot ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Shot Transitions

This paper proposes a novel approach for video-shot transition detection using spatio-temporal saliency. Both temporal and spatial information are combined to generate a saliency map, and features are available based on the change of saliency. Considering the context of shot changes, a statistical detector is constructed to determine all types of shot transitions by the minimization of the detection-error probability simultaneously under the same framework. The evaluation performed on videos of various content types demonstrates that the proposed approach outperforms a more recent method and two publicly available systems, namely VideoAnnex and VCM.

scholarly journals Osmotic induction improves batch marking of larval fish otoliths with enriched stable isotopes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2530-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel de Braux ◽  
Fletcher Warren-Myers ◽  
Tim Dempster ◽  
Per Gunnar Fjelldal ◽  
Tom Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Batch Marking

Abstract Otolith marking with enriched stable isotopes via immersion is a recent method of batch marking larval fish for a range of research and industrial applications. However, current immersion times and isotope concentrations required to successfully mark an otolith limit the utility of this technique. Osmotic induction improves incorporation and reduces immersion time for some chemical markers, but its effects on isotope incorporation into otoliths are unknown. Here, we tested the effects of osmotic induction over a range of different isotope concentrations and immersion times on relative mark success and strength for 26Mg:24Mg, 86Sr:88Sr and 137Ba:138Ba on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) larvae. 71% and 100% mark success were achieved after 1 h of immersion for 86Sr (75 µg L−1) and 137Ba (30 µg L−1) isotopes, respectively. Compared with conventional immersion, osmotic induction improved overall mark strength for 86Sr and 137Ba isotopes by 26–116%, although this effect was only observed after 12 h of immersion and predominately for 86Sr. The results demonstrate that osmotic induction reduces immersion times and the concentrations of isotope required to achieve successful marks. Osmotically induced isotope labels via larval immersion may prove a rapid and cost-effective way of batch marking fish larvae across a range of potential applications.

Improving the Predictability of Hiley Pile Driving Formula in the Quality Control of the Pile Foundation

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1292-1296
Author(s):  
Hamayon Tokhi ◽  
Gang Ren ◽  
Yi Min Xie
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Pile Capacity ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Major Factors

Pile Dynamic Formulas are the oldest and frequently used method to determine bearing capacity of piles. The more recent method is based on the Wave Equation analysis and different formulations such as Case Mathod, TNO, CAPWAP and TEPWAP which were developed for pre-driving analysis and post-driving measurements applications. The major factors for the common use of the dynamic formulas have been due to their simplicity, cost effectiveness and applicability in various piling situations. However, in some literature the energy approach have been given an unfair reputation as being unreliable and less accurate than the more analytical or dynamic testing methods. One of the issues due to the poor performance of the dynamic formulas is that, historically, the hammer energy and the energy trasferred to pile had to be assumed. Nevertheless, with the advent of computers, new technologies are emerging with the advancement in construction industry. This has produced gradual improvements that have resulted in the dynamic method to be used on many projects with greater reliability. In this paper, a review of the different testing methods as well as pros and cons of the pile driving formulas are discussed. Also, an approach to improving the widely used Hiley dynamic equation is presented. This approach enables evaluation of the pile capacity to be made more accurately.

scholarly journals RAPID-TRANSIT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS WITH THE ASSURANCE-REGION DEA METHOD

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio G.N. Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Assurance Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Recent Method

Rapid-transit services are a relevant part of the transportation network in most cities of the world. An important aspect of transport policy is the supply of public urban transportation. In particular, it is of interest to determine whether rapid-transit operators are working in a technically and scale-efficient way. Production analysis of transit services has been characterized by the econometric study of average practice technologies. A more recent method to study such production frontiers is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It is a non-parametric method, but its application to rapid-transit, where the relations among technological variables are more strict, requires a previous structural analysis of the intervening inputs and outputs. DEA is employed in this paper to investigate the efficiency and returns to scale of 21 rapid-transit properties of the world. DEA was also used for the benchmarking of non-efficient rapid-transit properties, with special emphasis to the São Paulo’s subway system

scholarly journals Les Audits Des Programmes ILDH : Les Balises D’une Évaluation Des Politiques Publiques Au Maroc

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Belga ◽  
Anass Kihli
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Policy Assessment ◽  
Politiques Publiques ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
New Form ◽  
Definition Of

Policy assessment in Morocco is a recent method to measure the performance of public budget. It is considred as a new form of control of the effictiveness and efficiency of goverment expenditure. However, polemics have intensified about the content and the method of this new practice of control. The conception of an institutional framework of evaluation of public policy evaluation, has stood up to the multiplicity of its stakeholders. The double identity of the evaluative approach, proclaimed by public administration and parliament, made the definition of this practice problematic. Recently, The initiation of the ILDH programmes performance audit recently, has given gave a new path to follow, so as to get to the reality of the goverment evaluative action in Morocco.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different methodologies for the determination of phenolic compounds in tropical fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Derlyene Lucas Salgado ◽  
Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Recent Method

Abstract Phenolic compounds are natural antioxidants and can be found with abundance in fruits and vegetables. One of the first methods created for analyzing phenolic compounds was the Folin-Denis method; and hereafter, the Folin Ciocalteu method was developed and recently, one of the most recent method is the Fast Blue. Due to the importance of these compounds in food, this work aimed to determine the total phenolic compounds in three fruits, such as: Passion Fruit, “Palmer” mango and “Pera” orange. In addition, these fruits were analyzed through three different determination methods. Furthermore, the content of vitamin C, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH of these fruits were evaluated. Based on the results, it was verified that there was no difference among the values of vitamin C, soluble solids and TA in relation to those found in the literature. When comparing the three methods (Fast Blue BB, Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent and Folin-Denis Reagent), the results showed a difference in the phenolic compounds that may be related to the distinct reagents used in each method and its different action.

Assessment of magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation for the treatment of leather tanning industry wastewaters

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kabdaşli ◽  
O. Tünay ◽  
M.Ş. Çetin ◽  
T. Ölmez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Leather Tanning ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Study Application

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation has a potential for ammonium removal from industrial wastewaters. Application basis of this recent method of treatment has not been fully determined. In this study application of MAP precipitation to leather tanning wastewaters has been experimentally evaluated. Five alternative places of MAP precipitation in leather tanning wastewater treatment scheme tested were; instead of plain settling, after plain settling, after polyelectrolyte added plain settling, within the chemical precipitation and after biological treatment. Among these alternatives MAP application instead of plain settling and within the chemical precipitation were found to be most favourable and efficient by reducing the nitrogen load to the level of nutrient requirement in the biological stage. pH 9.0-9.5 and stoichiometric magnesium and phosphate doses were determined to be optimum conditions for MAP precipitation.

Computation of Nonunique Solutions for Trusses Undergoing Large Deflections

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Cengiz Toklu ◽  
Rasim Temür ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş
Keyword(s):  
Harmony Search ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Large Deflections ◽  
Metaheuristic Algorithm ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Special Arrangement

Determination of nonunique configurations of structures is a problem which cannot be treated readily using classical methods of analysis. In the literature, these kinds of problems are tackled for some simple problems, like trusses with a small number of joints and members, and with specially designed approaches. The recent method of analysis called Total Potential Optimization using Metaheuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA), on the other hand, provides an efficient tool for dealing with these kinds of problems, practically without recourse to any special arrangement. In this analysis, using Harmony Search as the metaheuristic algorithm, large truss structures with linear elastic members are investigated under large deflections as to the existence of more than one solution. The results have shown that for the two examples investigated, a tower truss with 25 members and a dome truss with 24 members, nonunique configurations do exist at quite unexpected levels of loads, and that only one of them can be found with normal applications of the well-known Finite Element method.

Statistical Independence and Independent Component Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Yaseen Unnisa ◽  
Danh Tran ◽  
Fu Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Mixing Matrix ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Source Signals

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recent method of blind source separation, it has been employed in medical image processing and structural damge detection. It can extract source signals and the unmixing matrix of the system using mixture signals only. This novel method relies on the assumption that source signals are statistically independent. This paper looks at various measures of statistical independence (SI) employed in ICA, the measures proposed by Bakirov and his associates, and the effects of levels of SI of source signals on the output of ICA. Firstly, two statistical independent signals in the form of uniform random signals and a mixing matrix were used to simulate mixture signals to be anlysed byfastICApackage, secondly noise was added onto the signals to investigate effects of levels of SI on the output of ICA in the form of soure signals, the mixing and unmixing matrix. It was found that for p-value given by Bakirov’s SI statistical testing of the null hypothesis H0is a good indication of the SI between two variables and that for p-value larger than 0.05, fastICA performs satisfactorily.

A note on tuning in Roseau's alternative edge waves

1999 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULF TORSTEN EHRENMARK
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Edge Waves ◽  
Modal Number ◽  
Stagnation Points ◽  
Bounded State ◽  
Wave Guides ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Wave Profiles ◽  
Standing Edge Waves

Ursell's edge waves are derived systematically using a new method. Computed profiles are then compared with the lesser known shoreline singular waves first constructed by Roseau (1958). A recent method of writing the continuous spectrum solutions on a plane beach is thereby extended to the discrete spectrum to enable the reconstruction of both types of edge waves so that, in particular, the unbounded wave profiles are more easily computed. The existence of stagnation points on the bed for standing edge waves is considered and demonstrated for the first few modes. A ramification of this is the existence of (two-dimensional-cross-shore) dividing ‘streamlines’ from the bed to the surface also, the number of which appears to equate to the modal number of the edge wave. These dividing streamlines, along with other streamlines, are computed for the first few modes of both the Ursell and the (alternative) singular waves constructed by Roseau.It follows that these waves can also exist in the presence of solid cylinders bounded by fixed streamlines and, in particular therefore, that the hitherto unbounded Roseau waves can exist in a bounded state since a region including the origin can be removed from the flow by exploiting a dividing streamline. It is confirmed that the wavenumbers of the Roseau waves interlace those of the Ursell waves. An examination of available evidence leaves open to further research the question of whether the alternative Roseau waves have been ‘inadvertently’ observed either in the laboratory or, by means of contamination of data, in the field. Further laboratory simulations using longshore solid cylinders as ‘wave guides’ are proposed.

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