scholarly journals Modeling the functioning of YtvA in the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen B. van der Steen ◽  
Yusuke Nakasone ◽  
Johnny Hendriks ◽  
Klaas J. Hellingwerf
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress

scholarly journals Exposure of Bacillus subtilis to Low Pressure (5 Kilopascals) Induces Several Global Regulons, Including Those Involved in the SigB-Mediated General Stress Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4788-4794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Waters ◽  
José A. Robles-Martínez ◽  
Wayne L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Microbial Responses

ABSTRACTStudies of how microorganisms respond to pressure have been limited mostly to the extreme high pressures of the deep sea (i.e., the piezosphere). In contrast, despite the fact that the growth of most bacteria is inhibited at pressures below ∼2.5 kPa, little is known of microbial responses to low pressure (LP). To study the global LP response, we performed transcription microarrays onBacillus subtiliscells grown under normal atmospheric pressure (∼101 kPa) and a nearly inhibitory LP (5 kPa), equivalent to the pressure found at an altitude of ∼20 km. Microarray analysis revealed altered levels of 363 transcripts belonging to several global regulons (AbrB, CcpA, CodY, Fur, IolR, ResD, Rok, SigH, Spo0A). Notably, the highest number of upregulated genes, 86, belonged to the SigB-mediated general stress response (GSR) regulon. Upregulation of the GSR by LP was confirmed by monitoring the expression of the SigB-dependentctc-lacZreporter fusion. Measuring transcriptome changes resulting from exposure of bacterial cells to LP reveals insights into cellular processes that may respond to LP exposure.

scholarly journals The Blue-Light Receptor YtvA Acts in the Environmental Stress Signaling Pathway of Bacillus subtilis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (17) ◽  
pp. 6387-6395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Gaidenko ◽  
Tae-Jong Kim ◽  
Andrea L. Weigel ◽  
Margaret S. Brody ◽  
Chester W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Stress Signaling Pathway

ABSTRACT The general stress response of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a partner-switching mechanism in which serine and threonine phosphorylation controls protein interactions in the stress-signaling pathway. The environmental branch of this pathway contains a family of five paralogous proteins that function as negative regulators. Here we present genetic evidence that a sixth paralog, YtvA, acts as a positive regulator in the same environmental signaling branch. We also present biochemical evidence that YtvA and at least three of the negative regulators can be isolated from cell extracts in a large environmental signaling complex. YtvA differs from these associated negative regulators by its flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-containing light-oxygen-voltage domain. Others have shown that this domain has the photochemistry expected for a blue-light sensor, with the covalent linkage of the FMN chromophore to cysteine 62 composing a critical part of the photocycle. Consistent with the view that light intensity modifies the output of the environmental signaling pathway, we found that cysteine 62 is required for YtvA to exert its positive regulatory role in the absence of other stress. Transcriptional analysis of the ytvA structural gene indicated that it provides the entry point for at least one additional environmental input, mediated by the Spx global regulator of disulfide stress. These results support a model in which the large signaling complex serves to integrate multiple environmental signals in order to modulate the general stress response.

scholarly journals Global Transcriptional Response of Bacillus subtilis to Heat Shock

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (24) ◽  
pp. 7318-7328 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Helmann ◽  
Ming Fang Winston Wu ◽  
Phil A. Kobel ◽  
Francisco-Javier Gamo ◽  
Michael Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Induced Genes

ABSTRACT In response to heat stress, Bacillus subtilisactivates the transcription of well over 100 different genes. Many of these genes are members of a general stress response regulon controlled by the secondary sigma factor, ςB, while others are under control of the HrcA or CtsR heat shock regulators. We have used DNA microarrays to monitor the global transcriptional response to heat shock. We find strong induction of known ςB-dependent genes with a characteristic rapid induction followed by a return to near prestimulus levels. The HrcA and CtsR regulons are also induced, but with somewhat slower kinetics. Analysis of DNA sequences proximal to newly identified heat-induced genes leads us to propose ∼70 additional members of the ςB regulon. We have also identified numerous heat-induced genes that are not members of known heat shock regulons. Notably, we observe very strong induction of arginine biosynthesis and transport operons. Induction of several genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. In addition, the transcriptional responses measured by microarray hybridization compare favorably with the numerous previous studies of heat shock in this organism. Since many different conditions elicit both specific and general stress responses, knowledge of the heat-induced general stress response reported here will be helpful for interpreting future microarray studies of other stress responses.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Function among the RsbR Paralogs in the General Stress Response of Bacillus subtilis with Regard to Light Perception

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (7) ◽  
pp. 1708-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. van der Steen ◽  
M. Avila-Perez ◽  
D. Knippert ◽  
A. Vreugdenhil ◽  
P. van Alphen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress

Heat‐shock and general stress response in Bacillus subtilis

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hecker ◽  
Wolfgang Schumann ◽  
Uwe Völker
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester W. Price ◽  
Paul Fawcett ◽  
Hélène Cérémonie ◽  
Nancy Su ◽  
Christopher K. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Chill Induction of the SigB-Dependent General Stress Response in Bacillus subtilis and Its Contribution to Low-Temperature Adaptation

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (15) ◽  
pp. 4305-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Brigulla ◽  
Tamara Hoffmann ◽  
Andrea Krisp ◽  
Andrea Völker ◽  
Erhard Bremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress

ABSTRACT A variety of environmental and metabolic cues trigger the transient activation of the alternative transcription factor SigB of Bacillus subtilis, which subsequently leads to the induction of more than 150 general stress genes. This general stress regulon provides nongrowing and nonsporulated cells with a multiple, nonspecific, and preemptive stress resistance. By a proteome approach we have detected the expression of the SigB regulon during continuous growth at low temperature (15°C). Using a combination of Western blot analysis and SigB-dependent reporter gene fusions, we provide evidence for high-level and persistent induction of the sigB operon and the SigB regulon, respectively, in cells continuously exposed to low temperatures. In contrast to all SigB-activating stimuli described thus far, induction by low temperatures does not depend on the positive regulatory protein RsbV or its regulatory phosphatases RsbU and RsbP, indicating the presence of an entirely new pathway for the activation of SigB by chill stress in B. subtilis. The physiological importance of the induction of the general stress response for the adaptation of B. subtilis to low temperatures is emphasized by the observation that growth of a sigB mutant is drastically impaired at 15°C. Inclusion of the compatible solute glycine betaine in the growth medium not only improved the growth of the wild-type strain but rescued the growth defect of the sigB mutant, indicating that the induction of the general stress regulon and the accumulation of glycine betaine are independent means by which B. subtilis cells cope with chill stress.

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