Multifunctional materials for OFETs, LEFETs and NIR PLEDs

A multifunctional efficiency metric is developed using mean-field micromechanics solutions to quantify the multifunctionality of the multifunctional composite anodes. Multifunctional efficiency metrics evaluate the volume and/or mass savings or performance increase when structural and functional materials are replaced by multifunctional materials [1]. The proposed methodology compares the total energy associated with different functionalities, such as elastic strain energy and electric charge energy of the multifunctional materials with the total energy of the single function structural and functional material. To achieve volume and mass savings, the energy of different functionalities is set to be the same between the multifunctional and traditional single- functional materials, and, at the same time, the volume and/or mass of the multifunctional composite needs to be smaller than that of the combination of single- functional materials. The volumes and/or mass savings can be expressed using the properties of multifunctional and traditional single-functional materials. In this work, structural anodes made from silicon nanoparticles, reduced graphene oxide, and aramid nanofibers are used as an example to calculate the mass savings compared to a traditional anode with structural support. The existing multifunctionality metrics are based on the rule of mixtures method, which is adequate for certain geometries and loading conditions, such as in-plane directions for laminate composites. However, if multifunctional composite materials involve multiple phases, material property variation during the charging process, and complex geometries or orientations of the structural and functional phases, a more comprehensive method is required to accurately capture the multifunctional efficiency. The multifunctional efficiency varies significantly during the charging and discharging process. This new metric can provide both upper and lower bounds of multifunctional efficiency. This new multifunctional efficiency metric will help optimize the selection and arrangement of different phases in the multifunctional and quantify the optimization results.

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A simple carbazole-N-benzimidazole bipolar host material for highly efficient blue and single layer white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c3tc32388a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (14) ◽

pp. 2466-2469 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Biao Pan ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Yixing Wang ◽

Peng Xu ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Single Layer ◽

Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Host Material ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Organic Light

A new simple carbazole-N-benzimidazole bipolar luminogen mNBICz was constructed and utilized as a host for an FIrpic-doped blue single layer white device.

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Preparation and Thickness Optimization of Graphenic-Based Carbon Material as a Microwave Absorber

Trends in Sciences ◽

10.48048/tis.2022.1714 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1714

Author(s):

Affandi Faisal Kurniawan ◽

Mohammad Syaiful Anwar ◽

Khoirotun Nadiyyah ◽

Yana Taryana ◽

Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Reflection Loss ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Single Layer ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Microwave Absorber ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Complex Permeability ◽

Carbon Compounds

The purpose of this study is to optimize the thickness of a layered graphenic-based carbon compound, which is a non-magnetic material derived from biomass (old coconut shell). After the sample was exfoliated using HCl solution, the morphological structure showed that the material used in this study is a reduced graphene oxide (rGO), similar to carbon but with a thickness of less than 10 nm and lateral size in submicron (100 nm). The sample with a 2 mm thickness was then characterized using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure its reflection loss (RL). The measurement result is evaluated by converting the S-parameter values (S11 and S21) from the VNA using the Nicolsson Ross Weir (NRW) method to obtain input variables such as relative complex permeability and relative complex permittivity. Following this, the single-layer thickness of the sample was optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA), which can predict the appropriate thickness so that the optimum RL can be obtained. The optimum thickness of the sample was found to be 3.48 mm, which resulted in a much higher RL. The RL was re-measured for verification using a sample with the corresponding optimized thickness, revealing that this optimization is feasibly operational for a radar absorbing material (RAM) design. HIGHLIGHTS Carbon compounds containing graphenic phase derived from coconut shell are functional materials having various unique properties such as superior electrical conductivity, large surface area, and excellent structural flexibility, and microwave absorbtion The single-layer microwave absorber employing carbon compounds has been prepared The layer thickness optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) can estimate the appropriate design with the maximum reflection loss (RL)

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Highly efficient single-layer organic light-emitting devices based on a bipolar pyrazine/carbazole hybrid host material

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c3tc32301c ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (14) ◽

pp. 2488-2495 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Yuan Liu ◽

Lin-Song Cui ◽

Mei-Feng Xu ◽

Xiao-Bo Shi ◽

Dong-Ying Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Process ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Single Layer ◽

Host Material ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Light Emitting Devices ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Organic Light ◽

Organic Light Emitting Devices

High efficiency blue (F), green (P), orange (P) and F–P hybrid warm white single-layer OLEDs are fabricated through a simple manufacturing process.

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Highly efficient single-layer phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes using a spirofluorene-based host material

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.34.000407 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 407 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Soon Ok Jeon ◽

Kyoung Soo Yook ◽

Chul Woong Joo ◽

Jun Yeob Lee

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Single Layer ◽

Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Host Material ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Organic Light

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Material Design Advancement Create Multifunctional Materials for Single-Layer Bonding and Debonding

Additional Conferences (Device Packaging HiTEC HiTEN & CICMT) ◽

10.4071/2380-4491-2019-dpc-presentation_wp1_046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽

pp. 000908-000931

Author(s):

Luke Prenger ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

Qi Wu ◽

Rama Puligadda

Keyword(s):

Laser Energy ◽

Semiconductor Industry ◽

Single Layer ◽

Material Design ◽

Bonding Layer ◽

Multifunctional Materials ◽

Wafer Level ◽

Wafer Level Packaging ◽

Cost Of Ownership ◽

The Cost

Multifunctional materials are a relatively new topic in the semiconductor industry for wafer-level packaging (WLP). With the increase in processing steps and the emergence of more advanced technologies, the use of multifunctional materials will become a more integral part in the future of temporary bonding and debonding (TB/DB) as well as other advanced packaging applications. One approach to multifunctional material design incorporates adhesive and laser release attributes in one material layer. Although this is similar to a thermal release material, it has greater thermal capabilities due to its ability to be cured and undergo laser debond. Many advantages may be obtained by combining a curable adhesive and laser release layer into one material. One of the greatest advantages is the reduction in overall processing time and steps required to bond wafer pairs as well as the reduction of chemical waste, due to the use of one material compared to two or more materials which significantly reduces the cost of ownership. Curable adhesive single layer systems offer access to higher temperatures with less material flow from the curable layer, strong adhesion for high stress applications where wafers can delaminate or spontaneously debond when using multilayer mechanically debonding systems such as Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP), and offer lower wafer stress and warpage due to fewer material interfaces within the bonded wafer pairs causing less potential mismatch of materials coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE). Some challenges with this concept stem from the concern of the cleanability of a curable layer and potential laser damage to the device. In order to wet clean a curable layer, which is usually very solvent resistant due to the crosslinked nature, requires harsh solvent based solutions (that may contain either strong acid or base, require long cleaning time, and high temperature). This study will address all of the aforementioned challenges and includes the developmental advancements in material designs that resulted in the creation of new multifunctional materials. These multifunctional materials have been designed to be thermally curable, prevent material reflow of the bonding layer at higher temperatures, while still remaining wet cleanable without the use of harsh chemicals and long times. As with any material that utilize laser release methods there are concerns about device damage from laser energy penetrating to the device but multifunctional materials address this in two ways: they offer high absorbance of the laser energy at all commercially available laser tool wavelengths and they can be utilized as a thicker film as they act as the bonding layer as well. By overcoming their challenges, they will minimize the cost of ownership while driving advancement in future materials and processing.

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Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as a Versatile Platform for Multi-Functional Materials

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019029071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florica Adriana Jerca ◽

Valentin Victor Jerca ◽

Dumitru Mircea Vuluga ◽

Richard Hoogenboom

Keyword(s):

Functional Materials ◽

Multifunctional Materials

Multifunctional materials are designed to meet specific requirements through tailored properties. [...]

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Crystalline order to a resolution of 4.7 A in the sheath of Methanospirilium hungatii: A cross-beta structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111185 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 214-215

Author(s):

Murray Stewart ◽

T.J. Beveridge ◽

D. Sprott

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Single Layer ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Tube Axis ◽

Basic Subunit ◽

Beta Structure ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Protein Treatment ◽

General Appearance

The archaebacterium Methanospirillum hungatii has a sheath as part of its cell wall which is composed mainly of protein. Treatment with dithiothreitol or NaOH released the intact sheaths and electron micrographs of this material negatively stained with uranyl acetate showed flattened hollow tubes, about 0.5 μm diameter and several microns long, in which the patterns from the top and bottom were superimposed. Single layers, derived from broken tubes, were also seen and were more simply analysed. Figure 1 shows the general appearance of a single layer. There was a faint axial periodicity at 28.5 A, which was stronger at irregular multiples of 28.5 A (3 and 4 times were most common), and fine striations were also seen at about 3° to the tube axis. Low angle electron diffraction patterns (not shown) and optical diffraction patterns (Fig. 2) from these layers showed a complex meridian (as a result of the irregular nature of the repeat along the tube axis) which showed a clear maximum at 28.5 A, consistent with the basic subunit spacing.

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