Electrohydrodynamic printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) electrodes with ratio-optimized surfactant

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2004-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooman Lim ◽  
So Hyun Park ◽  
Tae Kyu An ◽  
Hwa Sung Lee ◽  
Se Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing

An electrohydrodynamic printing process was optimized for the printing of a (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) conductive polymer by manipulating its surface tension.

Current characteristics of stable cone–jet in electrohydrodynamic printing process

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwang Li ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Gaofeng Zheng ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jiaxin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printing Process ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
Current Characteristics

scholarly journals Formation of suspending beads-on-a-string structure in electrohydrodynamic printing process

2021 ◽  
pp. 109692
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Gaofeng Zheng ◽  
Jiaxin Jiang ◽  
Daoheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printing Process ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing ◽  
String Structure

Effect of viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension on direct-current-pulsed drop-on-demand electrohydrodynamic printing frequency

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (21) ◽  
pp. 214102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongpil An ◽  
Min Wook Lee ◽  
Na Young Kim ◽  
Changmin Lee ◽  
Salem S. Al-Deyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing

ZrO2 flexible printed resistive (memristive) switch through electrohydrodynamic printing process

2013 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem Awais ◽  
Hyung Chan Kim ◽  
Yang Hui Doh ◽  
Kyung Hyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Printing Process ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

The Use of Styrenes as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Edward D. De-Lamater ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Thad Schoen ◽  
Cecil Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
Radical Initiation ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Free Radical Initiation

Monomeric styrenes are demonstrated as excellent embedding media for electron microscopy. Monomeric styrene has extremely low viscosity and low surface tension (less than 1) affording extremely rapid penetration into the specimen. Spurr's Medium based on ERL-4206 (J.Ultra. Research 26, 31-43, 1969) is viscous, requiring gradual infiltration with increasing concentrations. Styrenes are soluble in alcohol and acetone thus fitting well into the usual dehydration procedures. Infiltration with styrene may be done directly following complete dehydration without dilution.Monomeric styrenes are usually inhibited from polymerization by a catechol, in this case, tertiary butyl catechol. Styrene polymerization is activated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone peroxide, a liquid, and probably acts by overcoming the inhibition of the catechol, acting as a source of free radical initiation.Polymerization is carried out either by a temperature of 60°C. or under ultraviolet light with wave lengths of 3400-4000 Engstroms; polymerization stops on removal from the ultraviolet light or heat and is therefore controlled by the length of exposure.

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