Black tea polyphenols and polysaccharides improve body composition, increase fecal fatty acid, and regulate fat metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte-derived cells and anti-obesity properties in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats were treated with ATM, and its effect on gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and Western blotting experiments. Results: Cellular lipid contents in DMI (dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and insulin mixture)-treated cells increased, while ATM treatment caused a significant reduction in lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. ATM caused inhibition of adipogenesis via down-regulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPα, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expressions in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, treatment with ATM caused a decrease in the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein-2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), compared with DMI-stimulated adipocytes. In addition, phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream substrate, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), were significantly decreased by ATM treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Together, these results indicated that ATM caused inhibition of both adipocyte differentiation via suppression of the C/EBP family and PPARγ expressions and the Akt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the present study, we further investigated anti-obesity effects of ATM on HFD-induced obese rats. Rats fed with HFD demonstrated elevations in body weight gain, while the administration of ATM significantly reversed BW gains and adipose tissue weights in rats fed HFD. ATM supplementation also caused a decrease in the circulating triglyceride levels and total cholesterol levels and led to inhibition of lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues in HFD-induced obesity in rats. Furthermore, epididymal fat exhibited larger adipocytes in the HFD group, whereas the ATM-treated group was significantly smaller than that of HFD group. These results strongly demonstrate that ATM administration caused a reduction in adiposity via attenuation in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size. Conclusion: These finding demonstrated that ATM exerted anti-obesity effects through inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis, leading to a decrease in BW and fat tissue mass in HFD-induced obesity in rats.

Download Full-text

Deep Sea Water Improves Abnormalities in Lipid Metabolism through Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md15120386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Wei-Tang Chang ◽

Tsung-Yueh Lu ◽

Ming-Ching Cheng ◽

Hsun-Chi Lu ◽

Mei-Fang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Deep Sea ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sea Water ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

High Fat ◽

Deep Sea Water ◽

Obese Rats

Download Full-text

Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Lipid Metabolism of Obese Mice after treatment with Anti-obesity Drug

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0214 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maha Al-Qeraiwi ◽

Manar Al-Rashid ◽

Nasser Rizk ◽

Abdelrahman El Gamal ◽

Amena Fadl

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Control Group ◽

Fatty Acid Transport ◽

Hepatic Gene Expression ◽

High Fat ◽

Beta Oxidation ◽

Hepatic Fat

Obesity is a global disorder with multifactorial causes. The liver plays a vital role in fat metabolism. Disorder of hepatic fat metabolism is associated with obesity and causes fatty liver. High fat diet intake (HFD) to mice causes the development of dietinduced obesity (DIO). The study aimed to detect the effects of anti-obesity drugs (sulforaphane; SFN and leptin) on hepatic gene expression of fat metabolism in mice that were fed HFD during an early time of DIO. Twenty wild types (WT) CD1 male mice aged ten weeks were fed a high fat diet. The mice were treated with vehicle; Veh (control group), and SFN, then each group is treated with leptin or saline. Four groups of treatment were: control group (vehicle + saline), Group 2 (vehicle + leptin), group 3 (SFN + saline), and group 4 (SFN + leptin). Body weight and food intake were monitored during the treatment period. Following the treatments of leptin 24 hour, fasting blood samples and liver tissue was collected, and Total RNA was extracted then used to assess the gene expression of 84 genes involved in hepatic fat metabolism using RT-PCR profiler array technique. Leptin treatment upregulated fatty acid betaoxidation (Acsbg2, Acsm4) and fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Acot6, Acsl6), and downregulated is fatty acid transport (Slc27a2). SFN upregulated acylCoA hydrolase (Acot3) and long chain fatty acid activation for lipids synthesis and beta oxidation (Acsl1). Leptin + SFN upregulated fatty acid beta oxidation (Acad11, Acam) and acyl-CoA hydrolase (Acot3, Acot7), and downregulated fatty acid elongation (Acot2). As a result, treatment of both SFN and leptin has more profound effects on ameliorating pathways involved in hepatic lipogenesis and TG accumulation and lipid profile of TG and TC than other types of intervention. We conclude that early intervention of obesity pa could ameliorate the metabolic changes of fat metabolism in liver as observed in WT mice on HFD in response to anti-obesity treatment.

Download Full-text

Antiobesity Effects of the Ethanol Extract ofLaminaria japonicaAreshoung in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rat

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/492807 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Woong Sun Jang ◽

Se Young Choung

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Laminaria Japonica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

High Fat ◽

Obese Rats

Laminaria japonicaAreshoung, a widely consumed marine vegetable, has traditionally been used in Korean maternal health. The present study investigated the antiobesity effects ofLaminaria japonicaAreshoung ethanol extract (LE) and its molecular mechanism in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were separately fed a normal diet or a high-calorie high-fat diet for 6 weeks; then they were treated with LE or tea catechin for another 6 weeks. LE administration significantly decreased the body weight gain, fat-pad weights, and serum and hepatic lipid levels in HD-induced obese rats. The histological analysis revealed that LE-treated group showed a significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and size of adipocytes compared to the HD group. To elucidate the mechanism of action of LE, the levels of genes and proteins involved in obesity were measured in the liver and skeletal muscle. LE treatment resulted in an increased expression of fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis-related genes in obese rats. Conversely, the expression of the fat intake-related gene (ACC2) and lipogenesis-related genes was reduced by LE treatment. Additionally, LE treatment increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its direct downstream protein, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, which is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid synthesis pathway. These findings demonstrate that LE treatment has a protective effect against a high-fat-diet-induced obesity in rats through regulation of expression of genes and proteins involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis.

Download Full-text

Strength Training Reduces Fat Accumulation and Improves Blood Lipid Profile Even in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Condition

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2020/8010784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Catarina Denise Entringer Contreiro ◽

Leonardo Carvalho Caldas ◽

Breno Valentim Nogueira ◽

André Soares Leopoldo ◽

Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Strength Training ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Muscle Hypertrophy ◽

The Body ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Adaptations ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Training Protocol

The aim was to investigate the effect of strength training on skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic adaptations in obese rats fed with unsaturated high-fat diet (HFD). The hypothesis was that strength training induces positive metabolic adaptations in obese rats despite impaired muscle hypertrophy. Male Wistar rats (n = 58) were randomized into two groups and fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 49.2% of fat. After induction and maintenance to obesity, the rats were divided into four groups: animals distributed in sedentary control (CS), control submitted to strength training protocol (CT), obese sedentary (ObS), and obese submitted to strength training protocol (ObT). The exercise protocol consisted of 10 weeks of training on a vertical ladder (three times a week) with a load attached to the animal’s tail. At the end of 10 weeks, strength training promoted positive changes in the body composition and metabolic parameters in obese animals. Specifically, ObT animals presented a reduction of 22.6% and 14.3% in body fat and adiposity index when compared to ObS, respectively. Furthermore, these rats had lower levels of triglycerides (ObT = 23.1 ± 9.5 vs. ObS = 30.4 ± 6.9 mg/dL) and leptin (ObT = 13.2 ± 7.2 vs. ObS = 20.5 ± 4.3 ng/mL). Training (ObT and CT) induced a greater strength gain when compared with the respective control groups. In addition, the weight of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle was higher in the ObT group than in the CT group, representing an increase of 26.1%. However, training did not promote hypertrophy as observed by a similar cross-sectional area of the FHL and plantar muscles. Based on these results, high-intensity strength training promoted an improvement of body composition and metabolic profile in obese rats that were fed a high-fat diet without skeletal muscle adaptations, becoming a relevant complementary strategy for the treatment of obesity.

Download Full-text