A review on the effect of bioethanol dilution on the properties and performance of automotive lubricants in gasoline engines

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (71) ◽  
pp. 66847-66869 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Khuong ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
E. Niza Mohamad ◽  
A. Arslan ◽  
...  

Owing to the growing concern over the depletion of fossil fuels and the rising rate of greenhouse gas emissions which will lead to global warming, many researchers are now dedicated to producing biofuels in order to solve the above-mentioned issues.

World on Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Mark Rowlands

The edge required by renewable technologies is provided by a simplification of the energy supply train. This simplification consists in no longer eating animals. Animals have upside-down energy returned on energy invested values (EROIs), with up to 30 times as much energy having to be put into raising them as we get out of them through eating them or their products. At one time, when our fossil fuels sported extraordinarily high EROIs—100:1 in some cases—we could afford to take this sort of hit on our food-based energy supply. Now, however, we can no longer afford to do so. Moreover, the results of this grossly inefficient energy exchange are rising greenhouse gas emissions. By no longer eating meat, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by roughly 14%. Importantly, much of this reduction will be in methane and nitrous dioxide, which have very high global warming potential relative to carbon dioxide.


RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (92) ◽  
pp. 75281-75291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Chandra Rajak ◽  
Rintu Banerjee

Burgeoning population growth and an increased demand for transportation and industrialization has led to the excessive use of fossil fuels, which in turn leads to higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to global warming.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (09) ◽  
pp. 575-587
Author(s):  
Christian A. Koch ◽  
Pankaj Sharda ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
Sriram Gubbi ◽  
Rashika Bansal ◽  
...  

AbstractGlobal warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.


WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Suyono Wiryoatmojo

One of the environmental problrms facing the world today is the phenomenon of global warming that is caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Many human activities that cause greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming, among others, is the consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels, including fuels for the transport sector, particularly air transport. This research conducted the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions produced by aircraft operation in Indonesia in 2012 and the predictions of greenhouse gases up to 2030. The calculation refers to the emission inventory Guidebook 2013, and following the procedure has been set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Based on the calculation results showed that aircraft greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia in 2012 dominated by C02 gas that is equal to 8145 kTon (99.7%) while the hydrocarbon gas emissions of 1.04 kTon. By 2030, greenhouse das emissions aircraft in Indonesia is expected to reach 16814 kTon.Salah satu permasalahan lingkungan yang dihadapi dunia Saat ini adalah adanya fenomena pemanasan global yang antara lain disebabkan oleh emisi gas rumah kaca. Aktifitas manusia yang banyak menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca penyebab pemanasan global antara lain adalah konsumsi energi yang berasal dari bahan bakar fosil termasuk bahan bakar untuk sektor transportasi khususnya transportasi udara. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca yang dihasilkan pesawat udara di Indonesia pada tahun 2012 dan prediksi gas rumah kaca sampai dengan tahun 2030. Perhitungan dan prediksi emisi gas rumah kaca pesawat udara pada penelitian ini mengacu pada emission inventory guidebook 2013 dan mengikuti prosedur yang telah ditetapkan oleh Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan hahwa emisi GRK pesawat udara di Indonesia pada tahun 2012 didominasi oleh gas CO2 yaitu sebesar 8.145 kTon (99.7%) sedangkan emisi gas hidrokarbon sebesar 1,04 kTon Pada tahun 2030, emisi gas rumah kaca pesawat udara di Indoneisa diprediksikan mencapai 16.814 kTon.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Tongwen Wu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Aixue Hu ◽  
Gerald A. Meehl

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Cory Swanson ◽  

To what degree do serious issues require serious consequences for politicians who fail to address them? Should politicians who fail to keep campaign promises have greater consequences than not being reelected? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Brian Greenwald is running a unique presidential campaign. Not only is he a single-issue candidate for stopping global warming, but an ominous figure follows him everywhere with the promise to kill him at the end of his term if he fails to move the needle. The electorate knows this, and elects Greenwald President in a landslide. Everything he does in office is focused on the single goal of lower greenhouse gas emissions. At the end of his first term emissions have gone flat, but not down. By the end of his second term, even after exceptional efforts, global greenhouse gas emissions have failed to significantly fall. Good to his word, the ominous figure kills him for failing to deliver.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
James J. Tanoos

Greater American regulatory moving from federal to state governments has resulted in varying levels of environmental legislation and regulation. One example is the cap-and-trade system in California, which has been deemed a success in limiting greenhouse gas emissions as well as in earning revenue for the state. However, the coinciding production rates for polluting organizations has not been analyzed on a macro level. This study examined the air pollution and production rates of electricity organizations operating in California since cap-and-trade went into effect and found that since the legislation took effect, not only did production decreased slightly, but also, contrary to much analysis, the rates of air pollution from these organizations increased sharply. 


Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos-Caycho ◽  
Renzo A. Benavente-Sotelo ◽  
Yasser A. Hidalgo-Gómez ◽  
Christian A. Blas-Bazán ◽  
Pamela Ivonne Borja-Ramos ◽  
...  

Food insecurity is a recurrent condition in which members of a household do not have enough food to cover their nutritional needs; this condition contributes to increasing social vulnerability of those affected. In Peru, there are more than 9 million people who suffer this condition, which generates malnutrition and anemia, mostly in children. On the other hand, the waste of food is associated with production the large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions that affect global warming. According to reports in Peru, 20% of what is food produced becomes waste. This scenario in terms of food for Peruvians represents 3 billion calories in wasted food that could feed 2 million people. The Peruvian Food Bank manages food donations, ensuring this food can reach people in need through humanitarian aid entities. This applied research work uses the tools of operations research to determine a solution to the problem of maximizing the combination of food orders to be distributed based on their total nutritional value to the beneficiaries, seeking maximum coverage and minimum logistic costs.


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