Effects of mesoporous calcium magnesium silicate on setting time, compressive strength, apatite formation, degradability and cell behavior to magnesium phosphate based bone cements

Self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been used in bone repair and substitution due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioactive as well as simplicity of preparation and use. The inherent brittleness and slow degradation are the major disadvantages for the use of calcium phosphate cements. To improve the degradation for the traditional CPC, the apatite cement formula incorporated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with varying concentration were studied and the effect of the pH value of liquid phase on the properties of this new calcium phosphate cement formula was evaluated. The apatite cements containing β-TCP for 10 and 40 wt.% were mixed into the aqueous solution with different pH values and then aging in absolute humidity at 37°C for 7 days. The setting time and phase analysis of the biphasic calcium phosphate were determined as compared to the apatite cement. For proper medical application, the compressive strength, the phase analysis and the degradation of the CPC samples at pH 7.0 and 7.4 were evaluated after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for 7 days. The results indicated that the properties of the samples such as the setting time, the compressive strength related to the phase analysis of the set cements. The high degradation of the CPC was found in the cement with increasing β-TCP addition due to the phase after setting. Apatite formation with oriented plate-like morphology was also found to be denser on the surface of the biphasic bone cements after soaking in SBF for 7 days. The obtained results indicated that the cement containing β-TCP mixed with the liquid phase at pH 7.4 could be considered as a highly biodegradable and bioactive bone cement, as compared to the traditional CPC.

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Experimental Drillable Magnesium Phosphate Cement Is a Promising Alternative to Conventional Bone Cements

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081925 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1925

Author(s):

Philipp Heilig ◽

Phoebe Sandner ◽

Martin Cornelius Jordan ◽

Rafael Gregor Jakubietz ◽

Rainer Heribert Meffert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Setting Time ◽

High Strength ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Bone Cements ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Phytic Acid Content ◽

With Screws

Clinically used mineral bone cements lack high strength values, absorbability and drillability. Therefore, magnesium phosphate cements have recently received increasing attention as they unify a high mechanical performance with presumed degradation in vivo. To obtain a drillable cement formulation, farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were modified with the setting retardant phytic acid (C6H18O24P6). In a pre-testing series, 13 different compositions of magnesium phosphate cements were analyzed concentrating on the clinical demands for application. Of these 13 composites, two cement formulations with different phytic acid content (22.5 wt% and 25 wt%) were identified to meet clinical demands. Both formulations were evaluated in terms of setting time, injectability, compressive strength, screw pullout tests and biomechanical tests in a clinically relevant fracture model. The cements were used as bone filler of a metaphyseal bone defect alone, and in combination with screws drilled through the cement. Both formulations achieved a setting time of 5 min 30 s and an injectability of 100%. Compressive strength was shown to be ~12–13 MPa and the overall displacement of the reduced fracture was <2 mm with and without screws. Maximum load until reduced fracture failure was ~2600 N for the cements only and ~3800 N for the combination with screws. Two new compositions of magnesium phosphate cements revealed high strength in clinically relevant biomechanical test set-ups and add clinically desired characteristics to its strength such as injectability and drillability.

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Bone cements of calcium-magnesium phosphate and magnesium oxide

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1347/1/012075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1347 ◽

pp. 012075

Author(s):

M A Goldberg ◽

V V Smirnov ◽

D R Khairytdinova ◽

P A Krochicheva ◽

A A Ashmarin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Bone Cements ◽

Calcium Magnesium

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Nanocement Produced from Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Composited with Alginate

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch18410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 354 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xin Xie ◽

Libin Pang ◽

Aihua Yao ◽

Song Ye ◽

Deping Wang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Borosilicate Glass ◽

Glass Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Setting Time ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Bone Cements ◽

Composite Bone

A novel injectable bone cement was prepared using sol–gel derived borosilicate bioactive glass nanoparticles as a solid phase and sodium alginate solution as a liquid phase. The gelation reaction of the alginate was modulated by Ca2+ ions released from the borosilicate glass phase, which in turn greatly depended on the boron content of the borosilicate glass phase. Such a gelation reaction not only significantly enhanced the anti-washout property of the bone cements, but also allowed control of the setting, handling properties, and compressive strength of the composite bone cements. Consequently, bone cements with controllable performances can be developed by simply adjusting the B2O3/SiO2 ratio of the borosilicate glass phase. Borosilicate bioactive glass with 20–30 mol-% borate contents exhibit a short setting time, good compressive strength, injectability, and anti-washout properties. With controllable performances and excellent bioactivity, the borosilicate bioactive glass/sodium alginate (BSBG/SA) composite bone cements are highly attractive for bone filling and regeneration applications.

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Effect of Borax on Properties of Potassium Magnesium Phosphate Cement

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.914.160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 914 ◽

pp. 160-167

Author(s):

Jin Bao Wen ◽

Li Xia Zhang ◽

Xiu Sheng Tang ◽

Guo Hong Huang ◽

Ye Ran Zhu

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Ph Value ◽

Setting Time ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Time Dependent Effect ◽

Potassium Magnesium

The effects of borax on the setting time, compressive strength, bond strength, drying shrinkage and pH value were investigated for potassium magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC). The results show that with the increase of borax dosage, the setting time is gradually extended, both compressive strength and bond strength are greatly decreased, the drying shrinkage rate is increased. Especially high dosage of borax, the extension of setting time is more obvious. Compared with that without borax, when the dosage of borax is 12.5%, setting time can be prolonged by 214.8%.The influence of borax dosage on the time-dependent effect of compressive strength shows that when the dosage of borax is 2.5%~5.0%, compressive strength increases rapidly from 4h to 1d, and increases relatively slowly from 1d to 3d. When borax dosage is less than 2.5% or higher than 5%, the law of time-dependent effect of compressive strength is the opposite. Compared to borax prior to magnesia addition, the pH value of the system is larger and the time of inflection point is advanced when borax and magnesia are mixed together at the same time. The increase of borax dosage can reduce the pH value of the system, and decrease the rising rate of pH value, at the same time the required time when the final pH value is relatively stable is longer.

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Retardation and reaction mechanisms of magnesium phosphate cement mixed with glacial acetic acid

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra08383a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (74) ◽

pp. 46852-46857 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Ji Yong-sheng ◽

Huang Guodong ◽

Jin Cheng

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Setting Time ◽

Magnesium Phosphate

This study aims to investigate the effect of admixture glacial acetic acid on the setting time, compressive strength, and hydration temperature of magnesium phosphate cement.

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Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-Magnesium Phosphate Cements

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.83 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1058 ◽

pp. 83-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Li ◽

Qing Yi Shen ◽

You Tao Xie ◽

Xue Bin Zheng

Keyword(s):

Setting Time ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Initial Strength ◽

Bone Substitute Materials ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Large Bone ◽

Substitute Materials

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been widely used as bone substitute materials. However, their degradation property is insufficient to stimulate bone healing in large bone defects, besides, the poor initial mechanical strength limits their application to non-load bearing areas. In this study, to overcome the drawbacks of CPCs, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) characterized by high initial strength and relatively rapid degradation were combined with CPCs to develop novel calcium-magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs). The morphology of the CPC sample consisted of needle-like crystals, whereas the interlinked hemispherical globules were observed for the CMPCs. The handling and mechanical characteristics of the samples as well as their degradation behavior under in vitro condition were investigated. Results showed that the CMPCs exhibited shorter setting time and higher compressive strength than the CPC. In addition, CMPCs showed significatnly improved degradability compared to the CPC in Tris-HCl buffer solution.

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Effect of Magnesium to Phosphorus Ratio on Properties of Magnesium Phosphate Cement

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.807.94 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 807 ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

Jin Bao Wen ◽

Xiu Sheng Tang ◽

Zhi Feng Xu ◽

Ye Ran Zhu

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Ph Value ◽

Setting Time ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Shrinkage Rate ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Consistent Effect

The effects of the ratio of magnesium to phosphorus (Mg/P) on the compressive strength, bond strength, drying shrinkage and pH value of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) were investigated. The results show that the consistent effect of the ratio of Mg/P on compressive strength and bond strength, as the ratio increases, the strengths are both first increased and then decreased, and the best ratio is 3:1. For setting time and drying shrinkage, the effects of the ratio of Mg/P are both obvious. Mainly manifested as the increase of the ratio, all of them show a decreasing trend. And the setting time can be shortened by 78%, furthermore, 28d the maximum drying shrinkage rate can be reduced by 29%. The effect of the ratio of Mg/P on pH value is mainly that when the ratio increases, the time of the inflection point of pH value is obviously advanced, and their final pH value is close.

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Effect of Calcium Acetate Content on Apatite-Forming Ability and Mechanical Property of PMMA Bone Cement Modified with Quaternary Ammonium

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13214998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 4998

Author(s):

Haiyang Wang ◽

Toshinari Maeda ◽

Toshiki Miyazaki

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Setting Time ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Calcium Acetate ◽

The Body ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Pmma Bone Cement ◽

Pmma Cement

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is a popular biomaterial used for fixation of artificial joints. A next-generation bone cement having bone-bonding ability, i.e., bioactivity and antibacterial property is desired. We previously revealed that PMMA cement added with 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and calcium acetate showed in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial activity. This cement contains calcium acetate at 20% of the powder component. Lower content of the calcium acetate is preferable, because the release of a lot of calcium salt may degrade mechanical properties in the body environment. In the present study, we investigate the effects of calcium acetate content on the setting property and mechanical strength of the cement and apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). The setting time increased and the compressive strength decreased with an increase in calcium acetate content. Although the compressive strength decreased after immersion in SBF for 7 d, all the cements still satisfied the requirements of ISO5833. Apatite was formed in SBF within 7 d on the samples where the calcium acetate content was 5% or more. Therefore, it was found that PMMA cement having antibacterial properties and bioactivity can be obtained even if the amount of the calcium acetate is reduced to 5%.

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Experimental Research on the Properties of Modified MPC

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.796 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 450-451 ◽

pp. 796-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bing Chen ◽

Xin Yuan Yang ◽

Ning Liu

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Setting Time ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Magnesium Phosphate

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) was modified by fly ash, silica fume and re-dispersible latex powder and the properties of modified MPC, such as fluidity, setting time and compressive strength, were tested. Based on the experimental results, the contents of 50% fly ash, 10% silica fume and 2% re-dispersible latex powder were chosen to modify MPC and the water resistance of the modified MPC was studied. The experimental results showed that the addition of fly ash prolonged the setting time and significantly increased the compressive strength of MPC. The addition of silica fume improved only the water resistance of MPC. The addition of the re-dispersible latex powder prolonged the setting time and improved the water resistance of MPC.

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