scholarly journals Experimental Drillable Magnesium Phosphate Cement Is a Promising Alternative to Conventional Bone Cements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
Philipp Heilig ◽  
Phoebe Sandner ◽  
Martin Cornelius Jordan ◽  
Rafael Gregor Jakubietz ◽  
Rainer Heribert Meffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
With Screws

Clinically used mineral bone cements lack high strength values, absorbability and drillability. Therefore, magnesium phosphate cements have recently received increasing attention as they unify a high mechanical performance with presumed degradation in vivo. To obtain a drillable cement formulation, farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were modified with the setting retardant phytic acid (C6H18O24P6). In a pre-testing series, 13 different compositions of magnesium phosphate cements were analyzed concentrating on the clinical demands for application. Of these 13 composites, two cement formulations with different phytic acid content (22.5 wt% and 25 wt%) were identified to meet clinical demands. Both formulations were evaluated in terms of setting time, injectability, compressive strength, screw pullout tests and biomechanical tests in a clinically relevant fracture model. The cements were used as bone filler of a metaphyseal bone defect alone, and in combination with screws drilled through the cement. Both formulations achieved a setting time of 5 min 30 s and an injectability of 100%. Compressive strength was shown to be ~12–13 MPa and the overall displacement of the reduced fracture was <2 mm with and without screws. Maximum load until reduced fracture failure was ~2600 N for the cements only and ~3800 N for the combination with screws. Two new compositions of magnesium phosphate cements revealed high strength in clinically relevant biomechanical test set-ups and add clinically desired characteristics to its strength such as injectability and drillability.

scholarly journals Effects of mesoporous calcium magnesium silicate on setting time, compressive strength, apatite formation, degradability and cell behavior to magnesium phosphate based bone cements

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 870-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liehu Cao ◽  
Weizong Weng ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Qirong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Composite Cements

Mesoporous calcium magnesium silicate was doped into magnesium phosphate to fabricate magnesium phosphate based composite cements (MBC).

The pH-Dependent Properties of the Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Cements

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuan La Ong Srakaew ◽  
Sirirat Tubsungnoen Rattanachan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Apatite Cement

Self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been used in bone repair and substitution due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioactive as well as simplicity of preparation and use. The inherent brittleness and slow degradation are the major disadvantages for the use of calcium phosphate cements. To improve the degradation for the traditional CPC, the apatite cement formula incorporated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with varying concentration were studied and the effect of the pH value of liquid phase on the properties of this new calcium phosphate cement formula was evaluated. The apatite cements containing β-TCP for 10 and 40 wt.% were mixed into the aqueous solution with different pH values and then aging in absolute humidity at 37°C for 7 days. The setting time and phase analysis of the biphasic calcium phosphate were determined as compared to the apatite cement. For proper medical application, the compressive strength, the phase analysis and the degradation of the CPC samples at pH 7.0 and 7.4 were evaluated after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for 7 days. The results indicated that the properties of the samples such as the setting time, the compressive strength related to the phase analysis of the set cements. The high degradation of the CPC was found in the cement with increasing β-TCP addition due to the phase after setting. Apatite formation with oriented plate-like morphology was also found to be denser on the surface of the biphasic bone cements after soaking in SBF for 7 days. The obtained results indicated that the cement containing β-TCP mixed with the liquid phase at pH 7.4 could be considered as a highly biodegradable and bioactive bone cement, as compared to the traditional CPC.

Nanocement Produced from Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Composited with Alginate

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xie ◽  
Libin Pang ◽  
Aihua Yao ◽  
Song Ye ◽  
Deping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Composite Bone

A novel injectable bone cement was prepared using sol–gel derived borosilicate bioactive glass nanoparticles as a solid phase and sodium alginate solution as a liquid phase. The gelation reaction of the alginate was modulated by Ca2+ ions released from the borosilicate glass phase, which in turn greatly depended on the boron content of the borosilicate glass phase. Such a gelation reaction not only significantly enhanced the anti-washout property of the bone cements, but also allowed control of the setting, handling properties, and compressive strength of the composite bone cements. Consequently, bone cements with controllable performances can be developed by simply adjusting the B2O3/SiO2 ratio of the borosilicate glass phase. Borosilicate bioactive glass with 20–30 mol-% borate contents exhibit a short setting time, good compressive strength, injectability, and anti-washout properties. With controllable performances and excellent bioactivity, the borosilicate bioactive glass/sodium alginate (BSBG/SA) composite bone cements are highly attractive for bone filling and regeneration applications.

Effect of Anhydrite on the Early Hydration Performance of Rapid Setting and Hardening Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1990-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang Lan ◽  
Bin Feng Xiang ◽  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
Xu Dong Zhao ◽  
Xiao Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Rapid Setting

In order to investigate the early hydration behavior of rapid setting and hardening belite sulfoaluminate cements, the methods of X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Compressive Strength test and Setting Times test were used to identify and quantify the hydration kinetics and microstructure of this new-found cements in China. The results showed that the main mineral compositions of high belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker included calcium sulfoaluminate (4CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), belite (2CaO·SiO2), ferrite phase, free gypsum and free lime. It was found that not only the setting time and compressive strength but also the composition of hydration products were influenced by anhydrite to some extent. Meanwhile, a mass of AFt and AFm generated along with the hydration process at different ages, overlapped, crossed and penetrated through calcium silicate hydrate gel and aluminum oxide to form a relatively dense structure which could contribute to the high strength of cement.

Effect of Borax on Properties of Potassium Magnesium Phosphate Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Jin Bao Wen ◽  
Li Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiu Sheng Tang ◽  
Guo Hong Huang ◽  
Ye Ran Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The effects of borax on the setting time, compressive strength, bond strength, drying shrinkage and pH value were investigated for potassium magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC). The results show that with the increase of borax dosage, the setting time is gradually extended, both compressive strength and bond strength are greatly decreased, the drying shrinkage rate is increased. Especially high dosage of borax, the extension of setting time is more obvious. Compared with that without borax, when the dosage of borax is 12.5%, setting time can be prolonged by 214.8%.The influence of borax dosage on the time-dependent effect of compressive strength shows that when the dosage of borax is 2.5%~5.0%, compressive strength increases rapidly from 4h to 1d, and increases relatively slowly from 1d to 3d. When borax dosage is less than 2.5% or higher than 5%, the law of time-dependent effect of compressive strength is the opposite. Compared to borax prior to magnesia addition, the pH value of the system is larger and the time of inflection point is advanced when borax and magnesia are mixed together at the same time. The increase of borax dosage can reduce the pH value of the system, and decrease the rising rate of pH value, at the same time the required time when the final pH value is relatively stable is longer.

scholarly journals Effect of Additives on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Microfine-Cement-Based Grout

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Weiguo Qiao ◽  
Yanzhi Li ◽  
Kai Xi ◽  
Pengcheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Microfine Cement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Grouting Materials

Enhancement of the fluidity and mechanical performance of grouting materials has proven to be an effective method of seepage prevention in geotechnical engineering. In this research, a microfine-cement-based grout mixed with microfine fly ash (MFA), nano-CaCO3 (NC), and superplasticizer (SP) was designed to improve the rheological and mechanical properties of grouting materials, and the particle size distribution, fluidity, spreading ability, bleed capacity, setting time, and mechanical properties were studied. A water/solid (W/S) ratio of 1.2 was selected, and the contents of MFA, NC, and SP by mass of microfine cement (MC) were 0–40%, 0–2.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. The results showed that MFA and 1.5% SP improved the fluidity and spreading ability of fresh grouts, while prolonging the setting time. The addition of NC can increase the yield stress and plastic viscosity and decrease the fluidity and spreading ability; nevertheless, it obviously enhances the stability and shortens the setting time of grouts. The addition of MFA and 1.5% SP reduced the compressive strength of hardened grouts; however, the addition of NC improved the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Cementitious Material Nanocement Using Bottom-Up Nanotechnology Concept: An Alternative Approach to Avoid CO2Emission during Production of Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Wan Jo ◽  
Sumit Chakraborty ◽  
Kwang Won Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Promising Alternative

The world’s increasing need is to develop smart and sustainable construction material, which will generate minimal climate changing gas during their production. The bottom-up nanotechnology has established itself as a promising alternative technique for the production of the cementitious material. The present investigation deals with the chemical synthesis of cementitious material using nanosilica, sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate as reacting phases. The characteristic properties of the chemically synthesized nanocement were verified by the chemical composition analysis, setting time measurement, particle size distribution, fineness analysis, and SEM and XRD analyses. Finally, the performance of the nanocement was ensured by the fabrication and characterization of the nanocement based mortar. Comparing the results with the commercially available cement product, it is demonstrated that the chemically synthesized nanocement not only shows better physical and mechanical performance, but also brings several encouraging impacts to the society, including the reduction of CO2emission and the development of sustainable construction material. A plausible reaction scheme has been proposed to explain the synthesis and the overall performances of the nanocement.

scholarly journals Strength and Microstructural Investigation of Quaternary Blended High-Strength Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ayele Bereda ◽  
Belachew Asteray
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Strength Concrete

This research focuses on studying the effect of different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as waste ceramic powder (WCP), lime powder (LP), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in combination on strength characteristics and microstructure of quaternary blended high-strength concrete. To achieve the aims of the study, necessary physical and chemical composition tests were done for the raw materials. Then, mixes were designed into control mix with 100% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and experimental mixes containing 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of GGBS, WCP, and LP in combination. Tests were conducted during casting and at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. Accordingly, the control mix which is concrete grade 50 (C-50) as per American Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design is used as a reference for comparison of test results with those specimens produced by partial replacement of SCMs. The characterizations of high-strength concrete are done using consistency, setting time, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and morphological tests. The optimum percentage replacement is 50% OPC replacement by 30% GGBS + 10% WCP + 10% LP. Based on the experimental investigations, the workability increases as the replacement level of SCMs increases from 30% to 60% by weight. Compressive strength and flexural strength results increase up to 11.41% and 20% when the percentage replacement increases from 30% to 50% of SCMs replacement at 28 days of curing time, respectively. There are also improvement in the microstructure and significant cost saving due to replacing OPC partially with SCMs with proportions mentioned above. Therefore, the practice of utilizing increased percentage of SCMs in quaternary blend in concrete can be beneficial for the construction industry and sustainability without compromising the quality of the concrete product.

Heat Release during 3d-Printable Materials Setting and Hardening

2021 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Galina Slavcheva ◽  
Ekaterina Britvina ◽  
Maria Shvedova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Control Setting ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Viscosity Modifiers

The paper presents the experimental data on the cement effect typeon the effects of heat generation during the 3D-printable cement materials’setting and hardening. Materials made on the basis of cements CEMI 42.5 RandCEMI 52.5 R, differing in phase contentC3Ain combination with viscosity modifiers of various compositions,have been studied. To control setting kinetics, a penetrometer test was used, hardening kinetics was evaluated by testing the samples for compressive strength after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days of hardening. It was found that the useof CEMI 52.5 Rhigh in compositionC3Acauses a significant heating of the mixture already after its setting, which is not observed when using ordinary CEMI 42.5R. The combination of a highly active aluminosilicate modifier with high-strength cement causes a technologically unacceptable reduction in the setting time and open time of mixtures.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Characterisation of Innovative Semi-Flexible Composite Pavement Comprising Geopolymer Grout and Reclaimed Asphalt Planings

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3644 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Thao Huynh ◽  
Bryan Magee ◽  
David Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Environmental Savings

This article considers semi-flexible composite (SFC) pavement materials made with reclaimed asphalt planings (RAP) and geopolymer cement-based grouts. Geopolymer grouts were developed and used to fill the internal void structure of coarse RAP skeletons with varying levels of porosity. The geopolymer grouts were formulated at ambient temperature using industrial by-products to offer economic and environmental savings relative to conventional Portland cement-based grouting systems. They were characterised on flowability, setting time, and compressive strength. The effect of grout and RAP on SFC material performance was evaluated using permeable porosity, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. SFC performance was significantly influenced by both grout type and RAP content. Improved performance was associated with mixtures of high-flowability/high-strength grout and low RAP content. A practical limitation was identified for combination of grout with low-flowability/fast-setting time and well-compacted RAP skeletons. Solids content exceeding 49% by volume was not feasible, owing to inadequate grout penetration. A suite of SFC materials was produced offering performance levels for a range of practical pavement applications. Preliminary relationships enabling prediction of SFC elastic modulus based on strength and/or ultrasonic pulse velocity test data are given. A pavement design is given using SFC as a sub-base layer for an industrial hardstanding.

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