scholarly journals Comparison of phytolith-occluded carbon in 51 main cultivated rice (Oryzasativa) cultivars of China

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (86) ◽  
pp. 54726-54733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Sun ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Gengmao Zhao ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Tongtong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Occluded Carbon

In this study, the carbon (i.e., C) bio-sequestration within phytoliths (PhytOC) in 51 rice cultivars was evaluated to breed cultivars with a high efficiency of carbon sequestration in phytoliths and high productivity.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Biology. I. Characterization of Red Rice Ecotypes

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Noldin ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Garry N. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Biology I ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Plant characteristics of red rice ecotypes obtained from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, including 11 strawhulled, five blackhulled, two goldhulled, and one brownhulled type, were evaluated under field conditions. Most ecotypes were uniform and stable but manifested considerable genetic variability. Red rice plants had pubescent leaves, were taller with lighter green color, and produced more tillers and panicles per plant than rice cultivars ‘Lemont,’ ‘Mars,’ and ‘Maybelle.’ Most ecotypes were highly susceptible to seed shattering starting about 14 d after anthesis when seed moisture was more than 25%. Seeds of most ecotypes were highly dormant at harvest. Rice cultivars had a larger flag leaf and more total leaf area per plant at anthesis and produced more seeds per panicle than red rice. Some red rice ecotypes had plant characteristics closely related to cultivated rice suggesting natural hybridization with rice.

scholarly journals Establishment of Steel Making Process with High Productivity and High Efficiency by Use of Hot Metal Pretreatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya KITAMURA ◽  
Yoshimasa MIZUKAMI ◽  
Toshiyuki KANEKO ◽  
Toshiki YAMAMOTO ◽  
Ryouichi SAKOMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Hot Metal Pretreatment

scholarly journals Good-Quality and High-Efficiency Dicing for Thick LiNbO3 Wafers Using Picosecond Laser Pulses

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mingwei Lei ◽  
Wenyan Gao ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Xinping Wu ◽  
Benhai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Multiple Characteristics

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) has become popular with applications in electronics and communication industries due to its excellent electro-optical and nonlinear properties. This paper presents the influence of laser power, repetition frequency, number of subpulses, depth of each pass, and scanning velocity in picosecond laser dicing on multiple characteristics of LiNbO3 using the Taguchi method. By means of analysis of variance and analysis of relations between the characteristics, the optimal ps-laser-dicing parameter is obtained with good quality and high efficiency, which is applied to LiNbO3 products. The result indicates that picosecond laser dicing provides an alternative to machine thick LiNbO3 wafers with narrow kerf width, micro chipping, smooth surface, and high productivity.

scholarly journals High Efficiency Fabrication of Chitosan Composite Nanofibers with Uniform Morphology via Centrifugal Spinning

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Shunqi Mei ◽  
Yajie Dong ◽  
Fenghua She ◽  
Lingxue Kong
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Centrifugal Spinning ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Chitosan Composite

While electrospinning has been widely employed to spin nanofibers, its low production rate has limited its potential for industrial applications. Comparing with electrospinning, centrifugal spinning technology is a prospective method to fabricate nanofibers with high productivity. In the current study, key parameters of the centrifugal spinning system, including concentration, rotational speed, nozzle diameter and nozzle length, were studied to control fiber diameter. An empirical model was established to determine the final diameters of nanofibers via controlling various parameters of the centrifugal spinning process. The empirical model was validated via fabrication of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite nanofibers. DSC and TGA illustrated that the thermal properties of CCS/PEO nanofibers were stable, while FTIR-ATR indicated that the chemical structures of CCS and PEO were unchanged during composite fabrication. The empirical model could provide an insight into the fabrication of nanofibers with desired uniform diameters as potential biomedical materials. This study demonstrated that centrifugal spinning could be an alternative method for the fabrication of uniform nanofibers with high yield.

scholarly journals A Widely Distributed Lineage of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in India May Have Come from Native Wild Rice

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yashitola ◽  
A. P. K. Reddy ◽  
Ramesh V. Sonti
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. We have collected leaf blight-affected samples from wild rice (Oryza nivara) plants growing naturally at 22 locations in five revenue districts (Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nizamabad, and Adilabad) in the Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Pathotype analysis on a set of differential rice cultivars and DNA fingerprinting with two multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphism probes indicated that the X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from the O. nivara plants belonged to a pathotype and lineage previously widely distributed among cultivated rice in India. This suggests that the lineage may be native to wild rice and may have been transferred subsequently to cultivated rice plants.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siti Dewi Indrasari ◽  
Shinta Dewi Ardhiyanti ◽  
Buang Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Fluorescence Detector

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only  4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siti Dewi Indrasari ◽  
Shinta Dewi Ardhiyanti ◽  
Buang Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Fluorescence Detector

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only  4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.

scholarly journals Phytolith-Occluded Carbon Sequestration Potential of Oil Palm Plantation in Tamil Nadu

ACS Omega ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeraswamy Davamani ◽  
Ramasamy Sangeetha Piriya ◽  
Srirangarayan Subramanian Rakesh ◽  
Ettiyagounder Parameswari ◽  
Selvaraj Paul Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Occluded Carbon

Response of weedy rice (Oryzaspp.) germplasm from Arkansas to glyphosate, glufosinate, and flumioxazin

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Shrestha ◽  
Gourav Sharma ◽  
Nilda Roma Burgos ◽  
Te-Ming Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Asynchronous Maturation ◽  
High Tillering

AbstractWeedy rice (Oryzaspp.) is one of the most competitive weeds in rice (Oryza sativaL.) production. Rapid growth, high tillering, enhanced ability to uptake fertilizers, asynchronous maturation, seed shattering, and high seedbank longevity makeOryzaspp. more competitive than cultivated rice and highly persistent.Oryzaspp. may be a source of useful traits for crop improvement such as herbicide tolerance. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the response of 54Oryzaspp. accessions collected between 2008 and 2009 from Arkansas to glyphosate, glufosinate, and flumioxazin applied at field rates. Rice cultivars ‘CL163’ and ‘REX’ were included for comparison. Accessions B20, B2, and S11 and B49, B51, and S59 showed reduced sensitivity to glyphosate and flumioxazin, respectively. These accessions had less than 40% injury 5 wk after treatment (WAT). Rice cultivars (CL163 and REX) were sensitive to both glyphosate and flumioxazin, with more than 95% plant mortality at 5 WAT. On average, blackhull accessions were more tolerant to glyphosate and flumioxazin than strawhull accessions. Dose–response analysis of B20, B2, and S11 confirmed 3- to 8-fold higher tolerance of these accessions to glyphosate. AllOryzaspp. and cultivated rice were not affected by glufosinate applied at 874 g ai ha−1(1X) and were controlled 100% by 1,311 g ai ha−1(1.5X).Oryzaspp. lines with reduced sensitivity to glyphosate and flumioxazin will be studied further for use in rice crop improvement.

Carbon burial capacity limited by accelerated sea-level rise in coastal wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Sandi ◽  
Jose Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia Saco ◽  
Neil Saintilan ◽  
Gerardo Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Carbon Burial

<p>Coastal wetland are known to be among the most efficient carbon burial environments around the worlds and given this high efficiency for carbon sequestration, wetland restoration and conservation efforts have been proposed as a way to potentially mitigate greenhouse emissions. The processes that lead to carbon sequestration can be quite complex and often depend on feedbacks between the type of vegetation in the wetlands, tidal flow regime, geomorphology and sediment availability. Coastal wetland vulnerability to submergence due to sea-level rise has been widely discussed in the current literature, and while wetlands could survive under some sea-level rise scenarios, accelerated rates of sea-level rise would most likely result in significant wetland losses. These can be less accentuated when accommodation space is available and the wetland is able to migrate inland, however, topography, physical barriers, and some anthropogenic factors can limit wetland migration thus decreasing the ability of wetlands to cope with sea-level rise. Potential losses of wetland vegetation under accelerated sea-level rise and limited capacity for wetlands to migrate inland are expected to affect the overall efficiency for carbon sequestration. We apply an eco-geomorphic model to simulate vegetation dynamics, carbon accumulation and overall change in carbon stocks for a restored mangrove-saltmarsh wetland experiencing accelerated sea-level rise under different management scenarios. Our results suggest that under accelerated sea-level rise and limited space for inland migration, vegetation might not be able to fully mature, reducing the capacity for sequestering carbon over time.</p>

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