Zein/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds are biocompatible and promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Periodontitis is the main cause of adult tooth loss. Stem cell-based tissue engineering has become a promising therapy for periodontitis treatment. To date, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been shown to be a favorable source for tissue engineering, but modulatory mechanisms of hPDLSCs remain unclear. Approximately 60% of mammalian genes are the targets of over 2000 miRNAs in multiple human cell types, and miRNAs are able to influence various biological processes in the human body, including bone formation. In this study, we found that after osteogenic induction, miR-214 was significantly decreased in hPDLSCs; therefore, we examined the effects of miR-214 on osteogenic differentiation. Computational miRNA target prediction analyses and luciferase reporter assays revealed that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a direct target of miR-214. We prepared cells overexpressing miR-214 and found that miR-214 negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. For the target of miR-214, ATF4 protein expression level was decreased after induction. In conclusion, we found that miR-214-ATF4 axis is a novel pathway for regulating hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation.

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Bone Tissue Regeneration in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Review on the Application of Stem Cells and New Strategies to Improve Vascularization

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2019/6279721 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vivian Wu ◽

Marco N. Helder ◽

Nathalie Bravenboer ◽

Christiaan M. ten Bruggenkate ◽

Jianfeng Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽

New Strategies

Bone tissue engineering techniques are a promising alternative for the use of autologous bone grafts to reconstruct bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, for successful bone regeneration, adequate vascularization is a prerequisite. This review presents and discusses the application of stem cells and new strategies to improve vascularization, which may lead to feasible clinical applications. Multiple sources of stem cells have been investigated for bone tissue engineering. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue is considered a promising single source for a heterogeneous population of essential cells with, amongst others, osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Enhanced vascularization of tissue-engineered grafts can be achieved by different mechanisms: vascular ingrowth directed from the surrounding host tissue to the implanted graft, vice versa, or concomitantly. Vascular ingrowth into the implanted graft can be enhanced by (i) optimizing the material properties of scaffolds and (ii) their bioactivation by incorporation of growth factors or cell seeding. Vascular ingrowth directed from the implanted graft towards the host tissue can be achieved by incorporating the graft with either (i) preformed microvascular networks or (ii) microvascular fragments (MF). The latter may have stimulating actions on both vascular ingrowth and outgrowth, since they contain angiogenic stem cells like SVF, as well as vascularized matrix fragments. Both adipose tissue-derived SVF and MF are cell sources with clinical feasibility due to their large quantities that can be harvested and applied in a one-step surgical procedure. During the past years, important advancements of stem cell application and vascularization in bone tissue regeneration have been made. The development of engineered in vitro 3D models mimicking the bone defect environment would facilitate new strategies in bone tissue engineering. Successful clinical application requires innovative future investigations enhancing vascularization.

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Fabrication of 3D plotted scaffold with microporous strands for bone tissue engineering

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c9tb02360g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 951-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ji Min Seok ◽

Thanavel Rajangam ◽

Jae Eun Jeong ◽

Sinyoung Cheong ◽

Sang Min Joo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

New Bone Formation

Scaffold porosity has played a key role in bone tissue engineering aimed at effective tissue regeneration, by promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation for new bone formation.

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Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in mesoporous SBA-16 and SBA-16 hydroxyapatite scaffolds

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra07330h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (67) ◽

pp. 54551-54562 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gracielle F. Andrade ◽

Juliana L. Carvalho ◽

Armando S. C. Júnior ◽

Alfredo M. Goes ◽

Edésia M. B. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Engineering Applications

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are currently a point of focus for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Impact of Age on Human Adipose Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689717721203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1496-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Denis Dufrane

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Matrix Mineralization

Bone nonunion is a pathological condition in which all bone healing processes have stopped, resulting in abnormal mobility between 2 bone segments. The incidence of bone-related injuries will increase in an aging population, leading to such injuries reaching epidemic proportions. Tissue engineering and cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have raised the possibility of implanting living tissue for bone reconstruction. Bone marrow was first proposed as the source of stem cells for bone regeneration. However, as the quantity of MSCs in the bone marrow decreases, the capacity of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells is also impaired by the donor’s age in terms of reduced MSC replicative capacity; an increased number of apoptotic cells; formation of colonies positive for alkaline phosphatase; and decreases in the availability, growth potential, and temporal mobilization of MSCs for bone formation in case of fracture. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) demonstrate several advantages over those from bone marrow, including a less invasive harvesting procedure, a higher number of stem cell progenitors from an equivalent amount of tissue harvested, increased proliferation and differentiation capacities, and better angiogenic and osteogenic properties in vivo. Subcutaneous native adipose tissue was not affected by the donor’s age in terms of cellular senescence and yield of ASC isolation. In addition, a constant mRNA level of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase with a similar level of matrix mineralization of ASCs remained unaffected by donor age after osteogenic differentiation. The secretome of ASCs was also unaffected by age when aiming to promote angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in hypoxic conditions. Therefore, the use of adipose cells for bone tissue engineering is not limited by the donor’s age from the isolation of stem cells up to the manufacturing of a complex osteogenic graft.

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Composite Hydrogel of Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid and Fragmented Polycaprolactone Nanofiber for Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12090902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 902

Author(s):

Madhumita Patel ◽

Won-Gun Koh

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Composite Hydrogel ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Composite Hydrogels

Composite hydrogels with electrospun nanofibers (NFs) have recently been used to mimic the native extracellular matrix. In this study, composite hydrogels of methacrylated hyaluronic acid containing fragmented polycaprolactone NFs were used for bone tissue engineering. The composite (NF/hydrogel) was crosslinked under ultraviolet (UV) light. The incorporation of fragmented polycaprolactone NFs increased the compression modulus from 1762.5 to 3122.5 Pa. Subsequently, adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into the composite hydrogel exhibited a more stretched and elongated morphology and osteogenic differentiation in the absence of external factors. The mRNA expressions of osteogenic biomarkers, including collagen 1 (Col1), alkaline phosphatase, and runt-related transcription factor 2, were 3–5-fold higher in the composite hydrogel than in the hydrogel alone. In addition, results of the protein expression of Col1 and alizarin red staining confirmed osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that our composite hydrogel provides a suitable microenvironment for bone tissue engineering.

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