scholarly journals Visualising early-stage liquid phase organic crystal growth via liquid cell electron microscopy

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 4636-4644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cookman ◽  
Victoria Hamilton ◽  
Louise S. Price ◽  
Simon R. Hall ◽  
Ursel Bangert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radiation Chemistry ◽  
Organic Crystal ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Carrier Solvent

Here, we show that the development of nuclei and subsequent growth of a molecular organic crystal system can be induced by electron beam irradiation by exploiting the radiation chemistry of the carrier solvent.

Methods to Monitor and Improve the Performance of Specimen Holders for Transmission Electron Cryomicroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
B. L. Armbruster ◽  
B. Kraus ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Thermal Equilibration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One goal in electron microscopy of biological specimens is to improve the quality of data to equal the resolution capabilities of modem transmission electron microscopes. Radiation damage and beam- induced movement caused by charging of the sample, low image contrast at high resolution, and sensitivity to external vibration and drift in side entry specimen holders limit the effective resolution one can achieve. Several methods have been developed to address these limitations: cryomethods are widely employed to preserve and stabilize specimens against some of the adverse effects of the vacuum and electron beam irradiation, spot-scan imaging reduces charging and associated beam-induced movement, and energy-filtered imaging removes the “fog” caused by inelastic scattering of electrons which is particularly pronounced in thick specimens.Although most cryoholders can easily achieve a 3.4Å resolution specification, information perpendicular to the goniometer axis may be degraded due to vibration. Absolute drift after mechanical and thermal equilibration as well as drift after movement of a holder may cause loss of resolution in any direction.

Investigations of dc electrical properties in electron-beam modified carbon nanotube films: single- and multiwalled

2005 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Gupta ◽  
N. D. Smith ◽  
R. J. Patel ◽  
R. E. Giedd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the family of nanostructured carbon materials are of great interest because of several unique physical properties. For space applications, it needs to be shown that CNTs are physically stable and structurally unaltered when subjected to irradiation becomes indispensable. The CNT films were grown by microwave Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the family of nanostructured carbon materials are of great interest because of several unique physical properties. For space applications, it needs to be shown that CNTs are physically stable and structurally unaltered when subjected to irradiation becomes indispensable. The CNT films were grown by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MWCVD) technique using Fe as catalyst. Synthesis of both single- and multiwalled CNTs (SW and MW, respectively) were achieved by varying the thickness of the Fe catalyst layer. To investigate the influence of electron-beam irradiation, CNTs were subjected to low and/or medium energy electron-beam irradiation continuously for a few minutes to several hours. The CNT films prior to and post-irradiation were assessed in terms of their microscopic structure and physical properties to establish property-structure correlations. The characterization tools used to establish such correlations include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and current versus voltage (I-V) measuring contact resistance (two-probe) and dc conductivity (four-probe) properties. Dramatic improvement in the I-V properties for single-walled (from semiconducting to quasi-metallic) and relatively small but systematic behavior for multi-walled (from metallic to more metallic) with increasing irradiation hours is discussed in terms of critical role of defects. Alternatively, contact resistance of single-walled nanotubes decreased by two orders of magnitude on prolonged E-beam exposures. Moreover, these findings provided onset of saturation and damage/degradation in terms of both the electron beam energy and exposure times. Furthermore, these studies apparently brought out a contrasting comparison between mixed semiconducting/metallic (single-walled) and metallic (multiwalled) nanotubes in terms of their structural modifications due to electron-beam irradiation.

In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies on Structural Dynamics of Transition Metal Nanoclusters

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1785-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vystavel ◽  
S.A. Koch ◽  
G. Palasantzas ◽  
J.Th.M. De Hosson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Oxide Shell ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Transmission Electron

The structural stability of transition metal nanoclusters has been scrutinized with in situ transmission electron microscopy as a function of temperature. In particular iron, cobalt, niobium, and molybdenum clusters with diameters around 5 nm have been investigated. During exposure to air, a thin oxide shell with a thickness of 2 nm is formed around the iron and cobalt clusters, which is thermally unstable under moderate high vacuum annealing above 200 °C. Interestingly, niobium clusters oxidize only internally at higher temperatures without the formation of an oxide shell. They are unaffected under electron beam irradiation, whereas iron and cobalt undergo severe structural changes. Further, no cluster coalescence of niobium takes place, even during annealing up to 800 °C, whereas iron and cobalt clusters coalesce after decomposition of the oxide, as long as the clusters are in close contact. In contrast to niobium, molybdenum clusters do not oxidize upon annealing; they are stable under electron beam irradiation and coalesce at temperatures higher than 800 °C. In all cases, the coalescence process indicates a strong influence of the local environment of the cluster.

scholarly journals Dynamic Nanobubbles in Graphene Liquid Cell under Electron Beam Irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
Lifen Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ali Mohsin ◽  
Jianguo Wen ◽  
Huaping Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Liquid Cell

Modification of Dual Phase Filler by Electron Beam Irradiation: Physical Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shanmugharaj ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Electron beam modification of carbon black (N220) and carbon-silica dual phase filler affects the microstructure of carbon black. This is confirmed from X-ray diffraction studies. The scanning electron microscopy /energy dispersive X-ray analysis reveals surface oxidation, which is further corroborated from nitrogen and iodine adsorptions. Transmission electron microscopy studies show the aggregation of fillers upon electron beam irradiation. Linear fractal dimension calculated by image analysis increases upon irradiation, due to the formation of filler aggregates.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Polypropylene/Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene Blends: Radiation Stabilization of Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of electron beam irradiation on polypropylene (PP), syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (sPB) and their blends were studied. They were irradiated with the doses of 20 kGy, 60 kGy, 80 kGy and 100 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical test were carried out to characterize the irradiated samples. When PP/sPB blends were irradiated, a part of PP macroradicals created by irradiation acts either as crosslinking agent making the PP and sPB crosslink or it is grafted onto sPB in the interface, which results in the interfacial adhesion stronger between PP and sPB compared with unirradiated PP/sPB blends. Significant improvement of mechanical properties has been obtained by the addition of sPB in the PP matrix when irradiated. The presence of sPB obviously decreases the PP sensitivity to radiation effects.

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