scholarly journals Biophotonics of diversely coloured peacock tail feathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Freyer ◽  
Doekele G. Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Tail Feather

The diversity of peacock tail feather colours is explained by multilayer modelling.

scholarly journals BENTUK VISUAL KOSTUM TARI MERAK JAWA BARAT KARYA IRAWATI DURBAN ARDJO

JOGED ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Venny Agustin Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Tail Feather ◽  
Dance Performance ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Moment

Tari Merak Jawa Barat, merupakan jenis tarian tontonan (pertunjukan). Tari Merak pertama kali diciptakan oleh Rd. Tjetje Somantri pada tahun 1955. Kemudian pada tahun 1965, tari Merak dikemas kembali oleh Irawati Durban Ardjo, yang bertujuan untuk dipertunjukkan pada misi kesenian Soekarno. Tari Merak yang sering kita jumpai saat ini merupakan Tari Merak karya Irawati Durban Ardjo.Tarian ini mempresentasikan keindahan yang dimiliki oleh burung merak pada saat burung merak jantan melebarkan ekornya. Kebanyakan masyarakat Indonesia salah berasumsi jika tarian ini bercerita tentang kehidupan burung merak betina, sedangkan sang jantanlah yang memamerkan keindahan bulu ekornya. Sang jantan melakukan gerak-gerik yang tampak seperti tarian gemulai untuk menunjukkan pesona dirinya, sehingga sang betina terpesona dan bersedia kawin dengannya. Gerakan itulah yang mengekspresikan dibuatnya Tari Merak. Untuk mendukung keindahan tari, maka dibuat bentuk visual Merak pada kostum Tari Merak yang telah diinovasikan oleh Irawati. Irawati mengonsepnya melalui ide-ide kreatif dan mengindahkan esensi burung merak pada bentuk visual. Beberapa bagian kostum tari Merak Irawati, yaitu siger (mahkota), susumping, giwang (anting), kelat bahu, garuda mungkur, gelang tangan, kemben, ekor, Ikat pinggang, kacih, selendang, dan sinjang. Kostum yang memiliki banyak unsur estetika seperti garis (lurus, lengkung, bergelombang), bentuk (lingkaran, setengah lingkaran, persegi panjang, ekor merak, dan penyederhanaan burung merak), ornamen (ragam hias binatang, ragam hias tumbuhan, geometris, ulir). Beberapa motif yang digunakan yaitu motif ekor, bulu, ataupun keseluruhan bentuk burung merak. ABSTRACT Peacock Dance is a type of spectacle dance (performance). The Peacock Dance was first created by Rd. Tjetje Somantri in 1955. Then in 1965, the Merak dance was repackaged by Irawati Durban Ardjo, which aimed to be performed on Soekarno's art mission. The Peacock Dance that we often encounter at the moment is the Peacock Dance by Irawati Durban Ardjo. This dance presents the beauty of peacocks. The peacock is the inspiration for the creation of the Peacock dance and its beauty is found when the male peacock widens its tail. Most Indonesian people wrongly assume that this dance tells the story of the life of a female peacock, while the male exhibits the beauty of its tail feathers. The male performs movements that look like graceful dances to show his charms so that the female is fascinated and willing to marry him. That movement expresses the Peacock Dance. With the visual form of the Peacock Dance costume that has been innovated by Irawati. Irawati conceptualized it through creative ideas and heeded the essence of the peacock in visual form. Some parts of the Merraw Irawati dance costume, namely siger (crown), susumping, ear studs (earrings), kelat shoulders, garuda mungkur, wristbands, kemben, tail, belt, belts, shawls, and sinjang. Costumes that have many aesthetic elements such as lines (straight, curved, wavy), shapes (circles, semicircles, rectangles, peacock tails, and simplifications of peacocks), ornaments (various animal decoration, plant decoration, geometric, threaded). Some of the motifs used are the tail, feather, or overall shape motif.

scholarly journals Differential effects of early growth conditions on colour-producing nanostructures revealed through small angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (18) ◽  
pp. jeb228387
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janas ◽  
Anna Łatkiewicz ◽  
Andrew Parnell ◽  
Dorota Lutyk ◽  
Julia Barczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

ABSTRACTThe costs associated with the production and maintenance of colour patches is thought to maintain their honesty. Although considerable research on sexual selection has focused on structurally coloured plumage ornaments, the proximate mechanisms of their potential condition dependence, and thus their honesty, is rarely addressed, particularly in an experimental context. Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings have ultraviolet (UV)–blue structurally coloured tail feathers, providing a unique opportunity for investigation of the causes of variation in their colour. Here, we examined the influence of early growing conditions on the reflectance and structural properties of UV–blue-coloured tail feathers of blue tit nestlings. We applied a two-stage brood size manipulation to determine which stage of development more strongly impacts the quality of tail feather colouration and microstructure. We used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and electron microscopy to characterise the nanoscale and microscale structure of tail feather barbs. Nestlings from the broods enlarged at a later stage of growth showed a sex-specific rectrix development delay, with males being more sensitive to this manipulation. Contrary to predictions, treatment affected neither the quality of the barbs’ nanostructures nor the brightness and UV chroma of feathers. However, at the microscale, barbs’ keratin characteristics were impaired in late-enlarged broods. Our results suggest that nanostructure quality, which determines the UV–blue colour in tail feathers, is not sensitive to early rearing conditions. Furthermore, availability of resources during feather growth seems to impact the quality of feather microstructure more than body condition, which is likely to be determined at an earlier stage of nestling growth.

scholarly journals A mid-Cretaceous enantiornithine foot and tail feather preserved in Burmese amber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Xing ◽  
Ryan C. McKellar ◽  
Jingmai K. O’Connor ◽  
Kecheng Niu ◽  
Huijuan Mai
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Morphological Disparity

Abstract Since the first skeletal remains of avians preserved in amber were described in 2016, new avian remains trapped in Cretaceous-age Burmese amber continue to be uncovered, revealing a diversity of skeletal and feather morphologies observed nowhere else in the Mesozoic fossil record. Here we describe a foot with digital proportions unlike any previously described enantiornithine or Mesozoic bird. No bones are preserved in the new specimen but the outline of the foot is recorded in a detailed skin surface, which is surrounded by feather inclusions including a partial rachis-dominated feather. Pedal proportions and plumage support identification as an enantiornithine, but unlike previous discoveries the toes are stout with transversely elongated digital pads, and the outer toe appears strongly thickened relative to the inner two digits. The new specimen increases the known diversity and morphological disparity among the Enantiornithes, hinting at a wider range of habitats and behaviours. It also suggests that the Burmese amber avifauna was distinct from other Mesozoic assemblages, with amber entrapment including representatives from unusual small forms.

Effects of modifying layer cages with perches on stress physiology, plumage, pecking and bone strength of hens

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Barnett ◽  
P. C. Glatz ◽  
E. A. Newman ◽  
G. M. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
External Control ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Layer Hens

Summary. This experiment evaluated the welfare of layer hens housed in cages modified with perches. Welfare was assessed on the basis of physiological measures of stress (corticosterone concentrations ‘at rest’ and in response to ACTH and heterophil : lymphocyte ratios) and immunological responsiveness, feather condition and cover, bone strength, claw length and between-bird pecking behaviour. Factors examined were cage modification (perches v. standard cage), tier (upper v. lower), birds (1 or 2 birds/cage) and age (commencing at 35 v. 60 weeks of age). The cages provided a floor area of 1504 cm2 . Floor pens (2.5 by 2.5 m) with 10 birds/pen served as an external control treatment. Perches improved the strength of the femur (P<0.05) compared with standard cages but bone strength was still less than in floor pens (P<0.05). There were no effects of cage modification on any of the physiological variables or liveweight (P>0.05). The only improvement in feather condition and cover within cages due to the presence of a perch was in the condition of the tail feathers which was better (P<0.05) than in a standard cage, but not as good as tail feathers in the pen treatment (P<0.001). Overall, feather condition and cover was better in the pen treatment (P<0.001) and similar in the 2 cage treatments (P>0.05). The presence of a perch resulted in longer claws than in a standard cage and floor pens (P<0.05), and significant (P<0.01) perching activity compared with floor pens. The experiment showed that perches should be considered for use in commercial laying cages as they resulted in an improvement in bone strength; there was also an improvement in tail feather condition, which is considered by some to be an advantage.

scholarly journals Can predatory bird feathers be used as a non-destructive biomonitoring tool of organic pollutants?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerle L.B Jaspers ◽  
Stefan Voorspoels ◽  
Adrian Covaci ◽  
Marcel Eens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Predatory Bird ◽  
Buteo Buteo ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool ◽  
Predatory Birds ◽  
Non Destructive

The monitoring of different types of pollutants that are released into the environment and that present risks for both humans and wildlife has become increasingly important. In this study, we examined whether feathers of predatory birds can be used as a non-destructive biomonitor of organic pollutants. We demonstrate that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are measurable in one single tail feather of common buzzards ( Buteo buteo ) and that levels in this feather and internal tissues are significantly related to each other (0.35< r <0.76 for all 43 buzzards; 0.46< r <0.84 when excluding 17 starved birds). Our findings provide the first indication that feathers of predatory birds could be useful in non-destructive biomonitoring of organic pollutants, although further validation may be necessary.

An additional field method to sex adult Barn Swallows during the non-breeding season in Zambia: white spot length in the outer tail feather

Ostrich ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Duijns ◽  
Jacintha GB van Dijk ◽  
Robert HS Kraus ◽  
A Christa Mateman ◽  
Bennie van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Field Method ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Barn Swallows ◽  
Additional Field

scholarly journals Genomic regions related to white/black tail feather color in Dwarf chickens detected using a genome-wide association study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Nie ◽  
Liang Qu ◽  
Zhihua Jiang ◽  
Kehua Wang ◽  
Lujiang Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Body Feather ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Background: The genetic foundation of chicken tail feather color is not very well studied to date, though that of body feather color is extensively explored. In the present study, we used a synthetic chicken dwarf line (DW), which was originated from the hybrids between a black tail chicken breed, Rhode Island Red (RIR) and a white tail breed, Dwarf Layer (DL), to understand the genetic rules of the white/black tail color. The DW line still contain the individuals with black or white tails, even if the body feather are predominantly red, after more than ten generation of self-crossing and being selected for the body feather color. We firstly performed four crosses using the DW line chickens including black tail male to female, reciprocal crosses between the black and white, and white male to female to elucidate the inheritance pattern of the white/black tail. Furtherly, we performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to determine the candidate genomic regions underlying the tail feather color by using black tail chickens from the RIR and DW chickens and white individuals from DW lines. Results: In the cross experiment, we found that (i) the white/black tail feather colors are independent of body feather color and (ii) the phenotype are autosomal simple trait and (iii) the white are dominant to the black in the DW lines. The GWA results showed that seven Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 24 were significantly correlated with tail feather color. The significant region (3.97-4.26 Mb) perches nine known genes and five anonymous genes. The nine genes were: NECTIN1, THY1, gga-mir-1466, USP2, C1QTNF5, RNF26, MCAM, CBL and CCDC153. Conclusions: The study has revealed the white/black tail feather trait is autosome-linked in Dwarf chickens. In the genome significant ~0.29 Mb region, fourteen genes were found and some of them could play critical roles in the formation of white/black tail feather color, especially gene MCAM. Taken together, our research is the first study on genetics of tail feather color and could help the more understanding of feather pigmentation in chicken.

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