Active motion of multiphase oil droplets: emergent dynamics of squirmers with evolving internal structure

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ali Mozaffari ◽  
Juan J. de Pablo ◽  
Nicholas L. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Emergent Dynamics

Self-propelled motions of active droplets can be programmed by transforming their internal morphologies over time.

Bacterial Metabolism in Dental Biofilms

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Over Time

Dental biofilms could have a structure which, in sections, looks like tissue. The internal structure of the dental biofilm could be the result of interbacterial adhesion mechanisms in combination with nutritional conditions characterized by multiple nutrient starvation. The preservation of the structure of the biofilm over time may also involve the ability of the bacteria to withstand environmental stresses such as starvation, reactive oxygen products, and acid. The present review will describe, first, the regulation of the metabolic defense against environmental stresses and then focus mainly on the energy metabolism of dental biofilms.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Self-System over Time in Adolescence: Internal Structure and Associations with Internalizing Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz ◽  
Theo A. Klimstra ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
William W. Hale ◽  
Wim H. J. Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
The Self ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self System

Preliminary results from U–Th dating of glacial–interglacial deposition cycles in a silica speleothem from Venezuela

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lundberg ◽  
C. Brewer-Carias ◽  
D.A. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Spherical Mass ◽  
Diversity Study ◽  
Over Time

AbstractRecent explorations in Cueva Charles Brewer, a large cave in a sandstone tepui, SE Venezuela, have revealed silica biospeleothems of unprecedented size and diversity. Study of one — a sub-spherical mass of opaline silica — reveals a complex, laminated internal structure consisting of three narrow dark bands alternating with two wider light bands. Uranium–thorium dating has produced 3 stratigraphically correct dates on the light bands from 298 ± 6 (MIS 9) to 390 ± 33 ka (MIS 11). U concentration is only 30–110 ppb. Initial 234U/238U ratios are high and increase over time from 1.8 to 5.3. Growth rate is very low, the fastest, at 0.37 ± 0.23 mm/ka, in MIS 9. Trace element and heavy metal content of the dark bands is distinctly higher than that of the light bands. It is hypothesized that the dark and light bands correlate with drier/glacial and wetter/interglacial periods, respectively, and that this sample probably began to grow in MIS 13. The cave is in a region that straddles a regionally important ecotone: the speleothem isotopic and trace element variations may preserve a useful paleoclimatic signal. This is the first published suite of U–Th dates from a single silica speleothem and the longest Quaternary record for this region.

Structure

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-248
Author(s):  
Gordon Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Personal Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the ownership of the Furness Group and the impact of closely-knit shipping companies on the group’s overall administrative structure. It uses Alfred Chandler’s patterns of expansion - vertical integration and horizontal combination - to provide an overview of the growth of large companies in both British and American markets, before turning attention to the structural dynamics of the Furness Group itself. It explores the patterns of internal ownership beginning with Christopher Furness’ holdings over time before moving into discussion of consolidation under the Furness Group, and through to the management of new subsidiaries. It also explores the company’s decision-making and administrative processes in the shipping sector between 1901 and 1912, and the course of administrative adjustment between 1900 and 1919. The relationship between the Furness Group, British Maritime Trust (BMT), and Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) comes under close scrutiny throughout the chapter, and the management structure after Christopher Furness’ death in 1912 also comes under analysis. It concludes that much of the company was shaped by Furness’ personal influence and stature, so much so that his succession would undoubtedly necessitate change to its internal structure and a shift toward a more ‘businessman-like’ management.

French negation, the Superset Principle, and Feature Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-227
Author(s):  
Karen De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Syntactic Movement ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides a nanosyntactic account of negation in French, modelling the change from le bon usage French (BUF) to colloquial French (CF). It is argued that language change is driven by Feature Conservation: the lexical items involved in the expression of sentential negation may change over time, but the features needed remain stable. Furthermore, it is argued that the change from BUF to CF is economy-driven, resulting in bigger lexically stored trees, less spell-out-driven movements and a maximal operationalization of the Superset Principle. In addition, the account shows how negative concord and double negation can be explained as a natural consequence of the interplay of the internal structure of lexical trees and the Superset Principle. Finally, the chapter adds to theoretical discussions within nanosyntax by presenting how the interaction between syntactic movement and spell-out-driven movement may be conceived of.

Synthetic and field-based electrical imaging of a zerovalent iron barrier: Implications for monitoring long-term barrier performance

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. B129-B137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Slater ◽  
Andrew Binley
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Polarization Data ◽  
Complex Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Imaging ◽  
Over Time

We performed a study of electrical imaging sensitivity to geochemical alteration of a zerovalent iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) over time. Complex-resistivity measurements of laboratory cores from an operational PRB defined the electrical properties of both unreacted and geochemically altered (reacted) iron, as well as the growth rate of the reacted front on the up gradient edge of the barrier. Laboratory results were used to generate models of the electrical structure of the PRB at 0, 15, and 30 years of operation. Synthetic cross-borehole resistivity and induced-polarization data were generated and perturbed with errors representative of noise at the site. To generate reliable images of the engineered structure, a complex-resistivity inversion was employed with a disconnect in the regularization between the part of the finite-element mesh (FEM) representing the internal structure of the barrier and the remainder of the FEM mesh.Synthetic results show that although the internal structure of inverted images at 15 and 30 years does not accurately reflect the width of the reacted front, modeled along the up-gradient edge of the barrier, perturbations to the internal structure of the imaged PRB are diagnostic of the growth of the reacted front. Cross-borehole electrical data, obtained at the field site during a 15-month period, demonstrate that the complex-resistivity algorithm can resolve reliably the PRB target using the engineering design specifications to define the correct shape of the regularization disconnect. Both resistivity and induced-polarization reciprocal errors are low, and the induced-polarization data are highly repeatable over this period. Changes in the electrical properties of the PRB over time were small but consistent with growth of a reacted front, based on the synthetic study. Significantly, resistivity imaging alone may be sufficient for long-term monitoring of precipitation, leading to reduced PRB performance.

scholarly journals Ultrabright Green-Emitting Nanoemulsions Based on Natural Lipids-BODIPY Conjugates

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Sophie Bou ◽  
Andrey S. Klymchenko ◽  
Nicolas Anton ◽  
Mayeul Collot
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Stearyl Alcohol ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Size Stability ◽  
Natural Lipid ◽  
Lipid Anchor ◽  
Over Time

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are water-dispersed oil droplets that constitute stealth biocompatible nanomaterials. NEs can reach an impressive degree of fluorescent brightness owing to their oily core that can encapsulate a large number of fluorophores on the condition the latter are sufficiently hydrophobic and oil-soluble. BODIPYs are among the brightest green emitting fluorophores and as neutral molecules possess high lipophilicity. Herein, we synthesized three different natural lipid-BODIPY conjugates by esterification of an acidic BODIPY by natural lipids, namely: α-tocopherol (vitamin E), cholesterol, and stearyl alcohol. The new BODIPY conjugates were characterized in solvents and oils before being encapsulated in NEs at various concentrations. The physical (size, stability over time, leakage) and photophysical properties (absorption and emission wavelength, brightness, photostability) are reported and showed that the nature of the lipid anchor and the nature of the oil used for emulsification greatly influence the properties of the bright NEs.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Size Distribution of Oil-droplets Over Time in Oil-in-water Emulsions

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka KATSUKI ◽  
Yayoi MIYAGAWA ◽  
Ryuichi MATSUNO ◽  
Shuji ADACHI
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Category development in early language

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Rescorla
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Marked Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Category Development ◽  
Developing Knowledge

ABSTRACTDeveloping knowledge of the vehicle, animal, and fruit categories was traced in six children from 1; 0 to 1; 8. Data from mothers' language diaries and from bi-monthly sessions with the children were pooled to analyse the growth, content, and internal structure of the three categories over time. The children developed some grasp of most of the focal concepts in each category, but they made fewer differentiations than adults do. Overextension of a single concept term to encompass a cluster of related referents was common. The frequent discrepancies between comprehension and production of concept terms highlighted the importance of examining both modes. The data showed marked individual differences in style of category acquisition.

scholarly journals Now You Hear Me, Later You Don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762096878
Author(s):  
Spencer Caplan ◽  
Alon Hafri ◽  
John C. Trueswell
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
General Information ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Phoneme Categorization ◽  
Over Time

What happens to an acoustic signal after it enters the mind of a listener? Previous work has demonstrated that listeners maintain intermediate representations over time. However, the internal structure of such representations—be they the acoustic-phonetic signal or more general information about the probability of possible categories—remains underspecified. We present two experiments using a novel speaker-adaptation paradigm aimed at uncovering the format of speech representations. We exposed adult listeners ( N = 297) to a speaker whose utterances contained acoustically ambiguous information concerning phones (and thus words), and we manipulated the temporal availability of disambiguating cues via visually presented text (presented before or after each utterance). Results from a traditional phoneme-categorization task showed that listeners adapted to a modified acoustic distribution when disambiguating text was provided before but not after the audio. These results support the position that speech representations consist of activation over categories and are inconsistent with direct maintenance of the acoustic-phonetic signal.

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