scholarly journals Biomass-derived nanocarbon materials for biological applications: challenges and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (42) ◽  
pp. 9668-9678
Author(s):  
H. Enis Karahan ◽  
Mengdi Ji ◽  
José Luis Pinilla ◽  
Xiaoxing Han ◽  
Abdelrhman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nanocarbon Materials ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Microbial Electrochemical Systems

This review discusses the current status and future potential of biomass-derived nanocarbons for a wide range of biomedical/environmental applications, including bioimaging, microbial inactivation, wound care, and microbial electrochemical systems.

scholarly journals Prospects of Microalgae for Biomaterial Production and Environmental Applications at Biorefineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3063
Author(s):  
Lourdes Orejuela-Escobar ◽  
Arleth Gualle ◽  
Valeria Ochoa-Herrera ◽  
George P. Philippidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Microalgae are increasingly viewed as renewable biological resources for a wide range of chemical compounds that can be used as or transformed into biomaterials through biorefining to foster the bioeconomy of the future. Besides the well-established biofuel potential of microalgae, key microalgal bioactive compounds, such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, and polyphenols, possess a wide range of biomedical and nutritional attributes. Hence, microalgae can find value-added applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, personal care, animal food, and agricultural industries. Microalgal biomass can be processed into biomaterials for use in dyes, paints, bioplastics, biopolymers, and nanoparticles, or as hydrochar and biochar in solid fuel cells and soil amendments. Equally important is the use of microalgae in environmental applications, where they can serve in heavy metal bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and carbon sequestration thanks to their nutrient uptake and adsorptive properties. The present article provides a comprehensive review of microalgae specifically focused on biomaterial production and environmental applications in an effort to assess their current status and spur further deployment into the commercial arena.

scholarly journals Polyploidy in Gymnosperms: Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raj Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Growth Abnormalities ◽  
Fitzroya Cupressoides

Abstract There are only a few natural polyploids in gymnosperms. These have been reported in Ephera spp. (Gnetales), and Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzeriana’ (2n = 4x = 44), Fitzroya cupressoides (2n = 4x = 44), and the only hexaploid conifer Sequoia sempervirens (2n = 6x = 66) (Coniferales). Sporadic polyploids and aneuploids occur at a very low frequency in nurseries in conifers, but most of them show growth abnormalities, remain dwarf, and may not reach maturity. One exception is an autotetraploid tree of Larix decidua (2n = 4x = 48) that has survived in a private estate in Denmark. Colchicine-induced polyploids (colchiploids) have been produced in a several genera of conifers, including, Pinus, Picea, and Larix. These colchiploids (Co) were hybridized to untreated diploids to produce C1 and C2 generations to investigate their chromosome behavior. The colchiploids showed a wide range of chromosome variability, ranging from diploids, triploids, and tetraploids, and many were mixoploids. The colchiploids also show growth retardation, remain dwarf, and their future potential applications in forestry remains uncertain. However, genetic variability in the colchiploids still offers prospects for isolating genetically stable new genotypes. Even though polyploidy is rare in extant conifers, is it possible that ancient polyploidy or paleopolyploidy, that is prevalent in angiosperms, has also played a role in the evolution of conifers. In this paper we shall review the current status of polyploidy in gymnosperms.

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
В.Г. Криштоп ◽  
Д.А. Жевненко ◽  
П.В. Дудкин ◽  
Е.С. Горнев ◽  
В.Г. Попов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Seismic Sensors ◽  
Microelectronic Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers ◽  
Element Base ◽  
New Devices

Электрохимические системы очень перспективны для разработки новой элементной базы для микроэлектроники и для использования в широком спектре инженерных задач. Мы разработали новую микроэлектронную технологию для изготовления электрохимических преобразователей (ЭХП) и новые приборы на основе новых электрохимических микроэлектронных чипов. Планарные электрохимические преобразователи могут использоваться в акселерометрах, сейсмических датчиках, датчиках вращения, гидрофонах и датчиках давления. Electrochemical systems are very promising for the development of a new element base for microelectronics, and for use in a wide range of engineering applications. We have developed a new microelectronic technology for manufacturing electrochemical transducers (ECP) and new devices based on new electrochemical microelectronic chips. Planar electrochemical transducers are used in accelerometers, seismic sensors, rotation sensors, hydrophones and pressure sensors.

scholarly journals Current status of vascular access in Japan—from Dialysis Access Symposium 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Mizuya Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Dialysis Access ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range

At the second Dialysis Access Symposium held in Nagoya, Japan, a proposal was made to investigate the differences in vascular access methods used in different countries. In this article, we describe the management of vascular access in Japan. The Japanese population is rapidly aging, and the proportion of elderly patients on dialysis is also increasing. There were 325,000 dialysis patients in Japan at the end of 2015, of whom 65.1% were aged 65 years or above. The number of patients with diabetic nephropathy or nephrosclerosis as the underlying condition is also increasing, whereas the number with chronic glomerulonephritis is steadily decreasing. The Japanese health insurance system enables patients to undergo medical treatment at almost no out-of-pocket cost. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty suffers from a severe device lag compared with other countries, but although there are limitations on permitted devices, the use of those that have been authorized is covered by medical insurance. One important point that is unique to Japan is that vascular access is performed and managed by doctors involved in dialysis across a wide range of disciplines, including nephrologists, surgeons, and urologists. This may be one factor contributing to the good survival prognosis of Japanese dialysis patients.

scholarly journals Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
David C. Luther ◽  
Xianzhi Zhang ◽  
Aarohi Gupta ◽  
Samantha A. Tufts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Ligand Design ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with ”small” organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Cork-derived hierarchically porous hydroxyapatite with different stoichiometries for biomedical and environmental applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
francesca scalera ◽  
Alessandra Quarta ◽  
David Maria Tobaldi ◽  
Robert Carlyle Pullar ◽  
Clara Piccirillo
Keyword(s):  
Human Bone ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Wide Range

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the major mineral component of human bone, but has a wide range of interesting and useful properties, and many applications beyond biomedicine. Here we produce HA-based...

scholarly journals One-Step Preparation of Biochar Electrodes and Their Applications in Sediment Microbial Electrochemical Systems

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Kui You ◽  
Zihan Zhou ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Qiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microbial Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Hot Melt

Biochar is a kind of carbon-rich material formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature in the absence or limitation of oxygen. It has abundant pore structure and a large surface area, which could be considered the beneficial characteristics for electrodes of microbial electrochemical systems. In this study, reed was used as the raw material of biochar and six biochar-based electrode materials were obtained by three methods, including one-step biochar cathodes (BC 800 and BC 700), biochar/polyethylene composite cathodes (BP 5:5 and BP 6:4), and biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive composite cathode (BPP 5:1:4 and BPP 4:1:5). The basic physical properties and electrochemical properties of the self-made biochar electrode materials were characterized. Selected biochar-based electrode materials were used as the cathode of sediment microbial electrochemical reactors. The reactor with pure biochar electrode (BC 800) achieves a maximum output power density of 9.15 ± 0.02 mW/m2, which increases the output power by nearly 80% compared with carbon felt. When using a biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive (BPP 5:1:4) composite cathode, the output power was increased by 2.33 times. Under the premise of ensuring the molding of the material, the higher the content of biochar, the better the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. The treatment of reed powder before pyrolysis is an important factor for the molding of biochar. The one-step molding biochar cathode had satisfactory performance in sediment microbial electrochemical systems. By exploring the biochar-based electrode, waste biomass could be reused, which is beneficial for the environment.

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