Ethylene Oligomerization on Ni2+ Single Sites within Lacunary Defects of Wells Dawson Polyoxometalates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonrae C Cho ◽  
Jessica Muhlenkamp ◽  
Allen Grayson Oliver ◽  
Jason C. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Ethylene Oligomerization ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Essential Step

Oligomerization of light olefins has become an essential step to convert gaseous olefins to liquid fuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we report that the synthesis and application of nickel single...

Comparison and assessment of zeolite catalysts performance dimethyl ether and light olefins production through methanol: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Kianfar
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Light Olefin ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Olefin Production

AbstractThe present review focuses on a comparison and assessment of zeolite catalyst performance of dimethyl ether and light olefin production through methanol. Dimethyl ether is a clean fuel which needs diverse processes to be produced. Methanol to dimethyl ether is a very novel process which offers considerable advantages versus additional processes for the production of dimethyl ether. The corresponding fixed-bed reactors compose the most important section of such a process. Production of dimethyl ether by the mentioned process is of high importance since it can be catalytically transferred to a substance with the value of propylene. Furthermore, in case of capability to transfer low-purity methanol into dimethyl ether, less expensive methanol can be consequently achieved with higher value added. In the petrochemical industry, light olefins, for example, ethylene and propylene, can be used as raw materials for the production of polyolefin. The present review aims to produce dimethyl ether in order to reach olefin substances, initially conducting a compressive assessment on production methods of olefin substances.

Heterogeneous catalysts for gas-phase conversion of ethylene to higher olefins

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghashghaee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Phase Conversion ◽  
Natural Gas Reservoirs

Abstract The reduced availability of propylene and C4 products from steam crackers continues to provoke on-purpose technologies for light olefins such that almost 30% of propylene in 2025 is predicted to be supplied from unconventional sources. Furthermore, the recent discoveries of natural gas reservoirs have urged interest in the conversion of surplus alkanes and alkenes, especially ethane and ethylene. The direct conversion of ethylene to propylene or a combination of value-added chemicals, including butylenes and oligomers in the range of gasoline and diesel fuel, provides the capability of responding to the fluctuations in the balance between supply and demand of the main petrochemicals. A comprehensive review of heterogeneous catalysts for the gas-phase conversion pathways is presented here in terms of catalytic performances (ethylene conversion and product selectivities), productivities, lifetimes, active sites, physicochemical properties, mechanisms, influence of operating conditions, deactivation and some unresolved/less-advanced aspects of the field. The addressed catalysts cover both zeolitic materials and transition metals, such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium and nickel. Efforts in both experimental and theoretical studies are taken into account. Aside from the potential fields of progress, the review reveals very promising performances for the emerging technologies to produce propylene, a mixture of propylene and butenes, or a liquid fuel from ethylene.

scholarly journals Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ovsyannikova ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Gero C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Full Analysis

Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

Non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic conversion of light alkanes into high value-added liquid chemicals under near ambient conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (39) ◽  
pp. 5263-5266
Author(s):  
Aiguo wang ◽  
Shijun Meng ◽  
Hua Song
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Light Alkanes ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

Non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic transformation of light alkanes into high value-added liquid fuels or chemicals over Ti–Ga/UZSM-5 under near ambient conditions.

Spherical NiCo-MOFs catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin dimers and enzymatic lignin to value-added liquid fuels under nitrogen atmosphere

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 123156
Author(s):  
Minghao Zhou ◽  
Chengjun Tang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Haihong Xia ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis

A new route to liquid fuels from coal

1981 ◽  
Vol 300 (1453) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
R And D

For many decades to come, the transformation of coal to high-grade liquid fuels and chemicals will be a continuing challenge. Chemically speaking, this conversion requires a gradual rearrangement of the carbon and hydrogen atoms and the addition of hydrogen, or the complete transformation of coal into building blocks containing a single carbon atom, and putting them together selectively with hydrogen to form the desired molecules. A catalyst discovered at Mobil will convert methanol, made from such building blocks, into high-octane gasoline. A simple process based on this catalyst produces the final link in a new route from coal to gasoline. A fluidized-bed version of this methanol-to-gasoline process will be tested in a 100 barrels ( ca . 16 m 3 ) per day pilot plant in Germany. A fixed-bed, commercial-size version has been selected by the New Zealand government for the conversion of methanol made from natural gas. This unit will produce 13 000 barrels ( ca . 2100 m 3 ) of gasoline per day. If the catalyst is modified, we can command it to construct basic chemical components such as light olefins, including ethylene, or BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes) as the major product. The emergence of these new conversion processes exemplifies industrial R. and D., which spans the technology spectrum from basic and exploratory research by a few scientists to process development and commercialization involving industries and governments.

A hemicellulose modified HZSM-5 and their application in the light olefins oligomerization to high-quality liquid fuels reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jian Du ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xuemin Li ◽  
ShanShan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
High Quality

scholarly journals Catalytic Production of Value-Added Chemicals and Liquid Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Chem ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxuan Jing ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Qineng Xia ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Yanqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Liquid Fuels

scholarly journals Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Hoan Vu ◽  
Sura Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Tung Dang ◽  
Udo Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasoline-range aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near future. Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu.

scholarly journals Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2 to Low Molecular Weight Olefins—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6952
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawelec ◽  
Rut Guil-López ◽  
Noelia Mota ◽  
Jose Fierro ◽  
Rufino Navarro Yerga
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Olefin Production ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials ◽  
Reaction Routes

There is a large worldwide demand for light olefins (C2=–C4=), which are needed for the production of high value-added chemicals and plastics. Light olefins can be produced by petroleum processing, direct/indirect conversion of synthesis gas (CO + H2) and hydrogenation of CO2. Among these methods, catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 is the most recently studied because it could contribute to alleviating CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, due to thermodynamic reasons, the design of catalysts for the selective production of light olefins from CO2 presents different challenges. In this regard, the recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials with well-controlled morphologies and active phase dispersion has opened new perspectives for the production of light olefins. In this review, recent advances in catalyst design are presented, with emphasis on catalysts operating through the modified Fischer–Tropsch pathway. The advantages and disadvantages of olefin production from CO2 via CO or methanol-mediated reaction routes were analyzed, as well as the prospects for the design of a single catalyst for direct olefin production. Conclusions were drawn on the prospect of a new catalyst design for the production of light olefins from CO2.

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