scholarly journals Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ovsyannikova ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Gero C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Full Analysis

Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

scholarly journals From Cell-Free Protein Synthesis to Whole-Cell Biotransformation: Screening and Identification of Novel α‑Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases for Preparative-Scale Synthesis of Hydroxy-l-Lysine

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Jascha Rolf ◽  
Philipp Nerke ◽  
Annette Britner ◽  
Sebastian Krick ◽  
Stephan Lütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Preparative Synthesis ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Free Protein ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cell Free Protein Synthesis

The selective hydroxylation of non-activated C-H bonds is still a challenging reaction in chemistry. Non-heme Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases are remarkable biocatalysts for the activation of C-H-bonds, catalyzing mainly hydroxylations. The discovery of new Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with suitable reactivity for biotechnological applications is therefore highly relevant to expand the limited range of enzymes described so far. In this study, we performed a protein BLAST to identify homologous enzymes to already described lysine dioxygenases (KDOs). Six novel and yet uncharacterized proteins were selected and synthesized by cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS). The subsequent in vitro screening of the selected homologs revealed activity towards the hydroxylation of l-lysine (Lys) into hydroxy-l-lysine (Hyl), which is a versatile chiral building block. With respect to biotechnological application, Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts were developed and characterized in small-scale biotransformations. As the whole-cell biocatalyst expressing the gene coding for the KDO from Photorhabdus luminescens showed the highest specific activity of 8.6 ± 0.6 U gCDW−1, it was selected for the preparative synthesis of Hyl. Multi-gram scale product concentrations were achieved providing a good starting point for further bioprocess development for Hyl production. A systematic approach was established to screen and identify novel Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, covering the entire pathway from gene to product, which contributes to accelerating the development of bioprocesses for the production of value-added chemicals.

Thermochemical conversion of low-lipid microalgae for the production of liquid fuels: challenges and opportunities

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 18673-18701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yulong Wu ◽  
Derun Hua ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Michael P. Harold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This critical review provides an investigation elaborated by recent references on conversion of low-lipid microalgae into bio-oil via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, and the catalytic upgrading of algal-derived bio-oil was examined.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fresh Apple Pomace by Different Non-Conventional Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4272
Author(s):  
Luna Pollini ◽  
Lina Cossignani ◽  
Cristina Juan ◽  
Jordi Mañes
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
A Value ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Pre Treatment

Red Delicious apple pomace was produced at laboratory scale with a domestic blender and different non-conventional extraction techniques were performed to isolate phenolic compounds, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), ultraturrax extraction (UTE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and pulsed electric field (PEF) extraction pre-treatment. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Phloridzin, the main phenolic compound in apples, was determined by chromatographic analysis Q-TOF-LC/MS. The results obtained with these techniques were compared in order to identify the most efficient method to recover polyphenols. The highest value of TPC (1062.92 ± 59.80 µg GAE/g fresh apple pomace) was obtained when UAE was performed with EtOH:H2O (50:50, v/v), while ASE with EtOH:H2O (30:70, v/v) at 40 °C and 50% of flush was the most efficient technique in the recovery of phloridzin. The concentration of the main phenolic compounds ranged from 385.84 to 650.56 µg/g fresh apple pomace. The obtained results confirm that apple pomace represents an interesti-ng by-product, due to the presence of phenolic compounds. In particular, phloridzin could be considered a biomarker to determine the quality of numerous apple products. Therefore, this research could be a good starting point to develop a value-added product such as a functional food or nutraceutical.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Electrospinning and Electrospraying for the Preparation of a Precursor Membrane Containing Hydrothermally Generated Biochar Particles to Produce the Value-Added Product of Carbon Nanofibrous Felt

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Xianfu Li ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Zhipeng Liang ◽  
Vinod S. Amar ◽  
Runzhou Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
A Value ◽  
Good Rate Capability ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

Biochar is a byproduct generated from the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, such as corn stover, in an anaerobic environment. This work aims to convert biochar into a value-added product of carbon nanofibrous felt. First, the biochar-containing precursor membrane was prepared from simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying. After thermal stabilization in air and carbonization in argon, the obtained precursor membrane was converted into a mechanically flexible and robust carbon nanofibrous felt. Electrochemical results revealed that the biochar-derived carbon nanofibrous felt might be a good candidate as a supercapacitor electrode with a good rate capability and high kinetic performance.

scholarly journals Valorization of Bread Waste to a Fiber- and Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sofie E. Svensson ◽  
Ludmila Bucuricova ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
Pedro F. Souza Filho ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Fungal Cultivation

Filamentous fungi can be used for the valorization of food waste as a value-added product. The goal of this study was the valorization of bread waste through fungal cultivation and the production of value-added products. The fungal cultivation was verified for upscaling from shake flasks to a bench-scale bioreactor (4.5 L) and a pilot-scale bioreactor (26 L). The fungus showed the ability to grow without any additional enzymes or nutrients, and it was able to consume a bread concentration of 4.5% (w/v) over 48 h. The biomass concentration in the shake flasks was 4.1 g/L at a 2.5% bread concentration, which increased to 22.5 g/L at a 15% bread concentration. The biomass concentrations obtained after 48 h of cultivation using a 4.5% bread concentration were 7.2–8.3 and 8.0 g/L in 4.5 and 26 L bioreactors, respectively. Increasing the aeration rate in the 4.5 L bioreactor decreased the amount of ethanol produced and slightly reduced the protein content of the fungal biomass. The initial protein value in the bread was around 13%, while the protein content in the harvested fungal biomass ranged from 27% to 36%. The nutritional value of the biomass produced was evaluated by analyzing the amino acids and fatty acids. This study presents the valorization of bread waste through the production of a protein- and fatty-acid-rich fungal biomass that is simultaneously a source of microfibers.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

Implementasi Algoritma Dijkstra Pada Game Pacman

CCIT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Anggit Dwi Hartanto ◽  
Aji Surya Mandala ◽  
Dimas Rio P.L. ◽  
Sidiq Aminudin ◽  
Andika Yudirianto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
A Value ◽  
Route Problem ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Pacman is one of the labyrinth-shaped games where this game has used artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is composed of several algorithms that are inserted in the program and Implementation of the dijkstra algorithm as a method of solving problems that is a minimum route problem on ghost pacman, where ghost plays a role chase player. The dijkstra algorithm uses a principle similar to the greedy algorithm where it starts from the first point and the next point is connected to get to the destination, how to compare numbers starting from the starting point and then see the next node if connected then matches one path with the path). From the results of the testing phase, it was found that the dijkstra algorithm is quite good at solving the minimum route solution to pursue the player, namely by getting a value of 13 according to manual calculations

Section 5.d Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin GURAU ◽  
Ashok RANCHHOD
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point

 The classic brand design literature presents and illustrates best practices in developing the physical, graphical and semiotic aspects of a brand. However, both practitioners and academics outline that brand design is only the starting point of the brand strategy, which has to be completed and complemented by designing and effectively managing meaningful brand experiences. The success of the brand depends on a value co-creation process in which the intentions and offerings of producers and vendors encounter, and interact with, the customer experiences of the brand and of the associated product. A brand experience designed for the customer can therefore be multi-dimensional and not just product led.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

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