Dynamic interplay between interfacial nanobubbles: Oversaturation promotes anisotropic depinning and bubble coalescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarthak Nag ◽  
Yoko Tomo ◽  
Hideaki Teshima ◽  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Masamichi Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Coalescence ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Probing the nanobubbles’ dynamics is essential to understand their longevity and behavior. Importantly, such observation requires tools and techniques having high temporal resolutions to capture nanobubble’s intrinsic characteristics. In this...

scholarly journals Genes and environments, development and time

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23235-23241
Author(s):  
W. Thomas Boyce ◽  
Marla B. Sokolowski ◽  
Gene E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Influence Gene Expression ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

A now substantial body of science implicates a dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental variation in the development of individual differences in behavior and health. Such outcomes are affected by molecular, often epigenetic, processes involving gene–environment (G–E) interplay that can influence gene expression. Early environments with exposures to poverty, chronic adversities, and acutely stressful events have been linked to maladaptive development and compromised health and behavior. Genetic differences can impart either enhanced or blunted susceptibility to the effects of such pathogenic environments. However, largely missing from present discourse regarding G–E interplay is the role of time, a “third factor” guiding the emergence of complex developmental endpoints across different scales of time. Trajectories of development increasingly appear best accounted for by a complex, dynamic interchange among the highly linked elements of genes, contexts, and time at multiple scales, including neurobiological (minutes to milliseconds), genomic (hours to minutes), developmental (years and months), and evolutionary (centuries and millennia) time. This special issue of PNAS thus explores time and timing among G–E transactions: The importance of timing and timescales in plasticity and critical periods of brain development; epigenetics and the molecular underpinnings of biologically embedded experience; the encoding of experience across time and biological levels of organization; and gene-regulatory networks in behavior and development and their linkages to neuronal networks. Taken together, the collection of papers offers perspectives on how G–E interplay operates contingently within and against a backdrop of time and timescales.

DNA Editing: A Primer

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. SCI-16-SCI-16
Author(s):  
Prashant Mali
Keyword(s):  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Dna Editing ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases based on the prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas systems provide an unprecedented ease in being able to edit the genomes of diverse organisms. As a single unifying factor capable of co-localizing RNA, DNA, and protein, I believe tools and techniques based on Cas9 will grant exquisite control over cellular organization, regulation, and behavior. Here I will describe work on development of the CRISPR-Cas9 targeting methodology, and detail current and prospective genome-engineering methodologies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Evolution of Function and Behavior During Mechanical Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Design Rationale ◽  
Design History ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This paper explores the meaning and evolution of function and behavior during mechanical design. The paper is based on an example from practice. The goal is to develop a model of the information developed during the design process and thus define the types of data inherent in mechanical design. Beyond the academic interest of defining function and behavior, this work is important to the development of representations for computer based design history and design rationale tools and techniques.

CEO Perceptions of Current Union Activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
Robert Boissoneau ◽  
Paul Belton
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive Officers ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Hospital Organization ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Environmental Concepts ◽  
Executive Officers ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The University

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the organizational environment and unions as observed by chief executive officers in various industries. The organizational environment in which an executive functions is fruitful ground for management study. Organization theorists and organizational behaviorists are concerned with environmental concepts, structures and processes in analyzing organizational effectiveness. The focus usually is centered on several components of the organization. While undeniably important, such analyses often do not incorporate the antecedent considerations of the particular industry in which the organization is located. For example, the appendage of the medical staff in the hospital organization and the centrality of the faculty in the university organization undoubtedly influence the practice and behavior of the chief executive officer. Since hospital and university organizations are considered two of the most “democratic” organizations, do the CEOs of these institutions use certain management concepts, tools and techniques more than CEOs in other industries?

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1407
Author(s):  
Peter Pegler ◽  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

Language and Behavior Disorders in School-Age Children: Comorbidity and Communication in the Classroom

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hollo
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Support ◽  
School Professionals ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
And Behavior

Language development is the foundation for competence in social, emotional, behavioral, and academic performance. Although language impairment (LI) is known to co-occur with behavioral and mental health problems, LI is likely to be overlooked in school-age children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; Hollo, Wehby, & Oliver, in press). Because language deficits may contribute to the problem behavior and poor social development characteristic of children with EBD, the consequences of an undiagnosed language disorder can be devastating. Implications include the need to train school professionals to recognize communication deficits. Further, it is critically important that specialists collaborate to provide linguistic and behavioral support for students with EBD and LI.

Tools & Resources: Impairment and Disability Web Sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from those expected by the individual's culture; these inflexible and pervasive patterns reflect issues with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, defines two specific personality disorders, in addition to an eleventh condition, Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities; of these, Paranoid Personality Disorder probably is most common in the legal arena. Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality. Such people may suffer from frantic efforts to avoid perceived abandonment, patterns of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, an identity disturbance, and impulsivity. Legal issues that involve individuals with cluster B personality disorders often involve determination of causation of the person's problems, assessment of claims of harassment, and assessment of the person's fitness for employment. Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Two case histories illustrate some of the complexities of assessing impairment in workers with personality disorders, including drug abuse, hospitalizations, and inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy.

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