De novo generation of a bright blue fluorophore from 2-oxoglutarate in biological samples

Abstract Biomarker research in COPD is becoming the most rapidly progressing sphere in respiratory medicine. Although “omics” generate a huge amount of biomarkers, fibrinogen is the only one validated by the European Medicines Agency. Thousands of studies analyzing different biological samples from the respiratory tract, collected in different ways, using various kits and techniques are generating more and more data, rendering biomarkers very confusing rather than having practical value. It seems that in order to be applicable and validated, biomarkers should be analysed in an accurately described cohort of patients, homogeneous in disease severity and activity. As COPD has multiple mechanisms of pathobiology it raises the issue of which is the most appropriate biological sample reflecting each of them. Unified criteria for tissue sampling, validated kits for respiratory tract probes and standardized technologies should be announced. The review presents the biomarkers that are currently validated and raises the problem of standardization.

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Picomol Assay of Nitric Oxide Screening in Biological Samples by Derivatization Combined with High-Throughput Microplate Format

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1786 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 423-426 ◽

pp. 1786-1789

Author(s):

Xiao Ling Zhang ◽

Qiao Yang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Detection Limit ◽

High Throughput ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Small Volume ◽

Screening Method ◽

Broad Variety ◽

Sensitive Determination

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical intra-and extra-cellular signaling molecule that mediates a broad variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic events, and has prompted rapid growth of investigations in investigating its physiology and generation mechanism of corresponding diseases. In this paper, a picomol assay of NO screening method using fluorescent derivatization combined with high-throughout microplate format has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of NO in biological samples. The satisfied detection limit and recovery of the proposed method demonstrates that it can be competent for the sensitive determination of NO in extremely small volume of biological sample.

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Procedures for cryogenic X-ray ptychographic imaging of biological samples

IUCrJ ◽

10.1107/s2052252516020029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 147-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Yusuf ◽

F. Zhang ◽

B. Chen ◽

A. Bhartiya ◽

K. Cunnea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Light Source ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Experimental Setup ◽

X Rays ◽

Human Chromosomes ◽

X Ray ◽

Cryogenic Conditions

Biological sample-preparation procedures have been developed for imaging human chromosomes under cryogenic conditions. A new experimental setup, developed for imaging frozen samples using beamline I13 at Diamond Light Source, is described. This manuscript describes the equipment and experimental procedures as well as the authors' first ptychographic reconstructions using X-rays.

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Extraction of DNA from complex biological sample matrices using guanidinium ionic liquid modified magnetic nanocomposites

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra01505a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (40) ◽

pp. 23119-23128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mei Liu ◽

Xueqin Ding ◽

Xuelian Wang ◽

Jianzhong Li ◽

Huansheng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Magnetic Nanocomposites ◽

Complex Biological Sample

The DNA extracted from biological samples by using the GIL-MCGO nanocomposites are well suitable for PCR amplifications.

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Microwave Tissue Procesing: History and SEM Techniques

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600032025 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. 1190-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. S. Demaree

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Microwave Process ◽

Conventional Oven

Microwave-assisted processing of biological samples began with Mayers. Subsequently, many investigators reported using microwave ovens for various aspects of biological sample processing for light microscopy (LM) and/or transmission electron microscopy (TEM.) The use of ice-encased fixation and water-immersion resin polymerization marked the beginning of rapid, reproducible microwave-assisted processing techniques.Mcrowave protocols are now often used for LM and TEM processing. Examples include paraffin embedding for LM, in situ hybridization, decalcification, immunological staining plus clinical studies and research projects for TEM.Recently my lab has begun to microwave process biological samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM.). We fix, dehydrate and dry with hexamethyldisilazane in less than 1 ½ hours. The only part of the process not utilizing microwave assist is the final 15 minute drying step in a conventional oven.

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Quantification of Leishmania infantumDNA in the bone marrow, lymph node and spleen of dogs

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612013000300005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 346-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos ◽

Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos ◽

Edna Michelly de Sá Santos ◽

Flábio Ribeiro de Araújo ◽

Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of the present study was to quantify the parasite load ofLeishmania infantum in dogs using real-time PCR (qPCR). Bone marrow, lymph node and spleen samples were taken from 24 dogs serologically positive for L. infantum that had been put down by the official epidemiological surveillance service. According to the clinical signs the dogs were classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic. After DNA extraction, the samples were subjected to qPCR to detect and quantify L. infantum DNA. Out of the 24 dogs, 12.5% (3/24) were classified as asymptomatic and 87.5% (21/24) as symptomatic. Real-time PCR detected L. infantum DNA in all the animals, in at least one biological sample. In particular, 100% of bone marrow and lymph node scored positive, whereas in spleen, the presence of DNA was detected in 95.9% (23/24). In addition, out of 24 animals, 15 were microscopically positive to amastigote forms of L. infantum in bone marrow. No statistical significant difference was found in the overall mean quantity of DNA among the different biological samples (P = 0.518). Considering each organ separately, there was 100% positivity in bone marrow and lymph nodes, while among the spleen samples, 95.9% (23/24) were positive. Regarding the different clinical groups, the overall mean parasite load varied significantly (P = 0.022). According to the results obtained, it was not possible determine which biological sample was most suitable tissue for the diagnosis, based only on the parasite load. Therefore, other characteristics such as convenience and easily of obtaining samples should be taken into consideration.

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Biological Applications of Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy: Quantitative Analysis of Glucose in Plasma and Serum by a Highly Sensitive Multichannel Raman Spectrometer

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702963905042 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 1301-1306 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Xiaoming Dou ◽

Yoshinori Yamaguchi ◽

Hiroshi Yamamoto ◽

Harumi Uenoyama ◽

Yukihiro Ozaki

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Raman Intensity ◽

Biological Applications ◽

High Quality ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Anti Stokes

This study demonstrates the potential of anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy in investigating biological samples in a nondestructive manner; quantitative analysis of glucose in plasma and serum has been studied as an example. The efficient collection of anti-Stokes Raman scattering by use of chromatic aberration of a lens has allowed us to obtain high-quality anti-Stokes Raman spectra from glucose in plasma and serum, which is a strongly fluorescent biological sample. The concentration of glucose in these materials can be estimated by the anti-Stokes Raman intensity of the band at 1130 cm−1 due to the C–O stretching mode. The correlation coefficient between the concentration and the intensity has been calculated to be 0.993 and 0.991 for glucose in plasma and serum, respectively. The detection limits for these materials have been found to be 45 mg/dL and 50 mg/dL, respectively.

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De novo formation of citrate-based fluorophores on N-termini of peptides and proteins in cells and tissues

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c9cc08494k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dongwook Jung ◽

Dongkil Choi ◽

Changgon Sim ◽

Yumin Kim ◽

Sunyoung Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Samples ◽

De Novo ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

In Cells

Citrate-based fluorophores are generated in de novo manner on proteins in biological samples under mild conditions.

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An Efficient Statistic for Determining the Diameter of Thin Sectioned Uniform Spheres from Measurements of Biological Samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050585 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 114-115

Author(s):

W. R. Schucany ◽

G. H. Kelsoe ◽

V. F. Allison

Keyword(s):

Biological Samples ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Cell Types ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Sectioned Material ◽

Maximal Diameter ◽

Similar Cell

Accurate estimation of the size of spheroid organelles from thin sectioned material is often necessary, as uniquely homogenous populations of organelles such as vessicles, granules, or nuclei often are critically important in the morphological identification of similar cell types. However, the difficulty in obtaining accurate diameter measurements of thin sectioned organelles is well known. This difficulty is due to the extreme tenuity of the sectioned material as compared to the size of the intact organelle. In populations where low variance is suspected the traditional method of diameter estimation has been to measure literally hundreds of profiles and to describe the “largest” as representative of the “approximate maximal diameter”.

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The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067996 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 200-201

Author(s):

Aline Byrnes ◽

Elsa E. Ramos ◽

Minoru Suzuki ◽

E.D. Mayfield

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

De Novo ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Present Report ◽

Intracellular Localization ◽

Male Rats ◽

Renal Hypertrophy ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

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