Space Charge Enhanced Ion Transport in Heterogeneous Polyelectrolyte/Alumina Nanochannel Membranes for High-Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Wei Chang ◽  
Chien-Wei Chu ◽  
Yen-Shao Su ◽  
Li-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Selective Membrane

Capturing osmotic energy from a salinity gradient through an ion-selective membrane is regarded as one of the renewable clean energy resources to solve the increasing global energy demands. However, suffering...

MOF-derived PtCo/Co3O4 nanocomposites in carbonaceous matrices as high-performance ORR electrocatalysts synthesized via Laser Ablation techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Leonar Ribeiro ◽  
Elijah M Davis ◽  
Mahshid Mokhtarnejad ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Dibyendu Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Ablation Techniques ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Rational Development

Rapidly expanding global energy demands due to fast-paced human-technology interfaces have propelled fuel cell technology as a sustainable energy-conversion alternative. Nonetheless, the rational development of such technology demands the engineering...

scholarly journals Solar Driven Energy Conversion Applications Based on 3C-SiC

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 1028-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu Sun ◽  
Valdas Jokubavicius ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Ian Booker ◽  
Mattias Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Intermediate Band ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Clean Energy Source ◽  
Photovoltaic Material

There is a strong and growing worldwide research on exploring renewable energy resources. Solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean energy source, but there are profound material challenges to capture, convert and store solar energy. In this work, we explore 3C-SiC as an attractive material towards solar-driven energy conversion applications: (i) Boron doped 3C-SiC as candidate for an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and (ii) 3C-SiC as a photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. Absorption spectrum of boron doped 3C-SiC shows a deep energy level at ~0.7 eV above the valence band edge. This indicates that boron doped 3C-SiC may be a good candidate as an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and that bulk like 3C-SiC can have sufficient quality to be a promising electrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

scholarly journals Research and Outlook on Global Energy Interconnection

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhengxi Chen ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Yangzi Wang ◽  
Fulong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Change Environment ◽  
Global Power

Currently, the world is confronted with a series of challenges including resource shortage, climate change, environment pollution and energy poverty, which are rooted in the humanity’s deep dependence on and large-scale consumption of fossil energy. To tackle with those challenges is an urgent task for realizing sustainable development. The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a clean energy-dominant, electricity-centered, interconnected and shared modern energy system. It is an important platform for large-scale development, transmission and utilization of clean energy resources at a global level, promoting the global energy transition characterized by cleaning, decarbonization, electrification and networking. The GEI has provided a scientific, novel and systematic solution to implement Agenda 2030 as well as the Paris Agreement. Focusing on the scope of clean transition and sustainable development, this paper has implemented qualitative and quantitative methods based on historic data. The global power demand and supply has been forecasted. Based on global clean energy resources endowments and distribution, a global main clean energy bases layout and generation planning optimization has been proposed. Later in this paper, the global power flow under the GEI scenario and corresponding GEI backbone grid has been explored and proposed. Finally, based on a preliminary investment estimation, the comprehensive benefits of building the GEI have been analyzed.

Synergistically enhanced single-atomic site catalysts for clean energy conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Yang ◽  
Weilin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Atomic Site ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Challenging Issue

The development of cost-effectiveness, high-performance catalysts at the atomic level has become a challenging issue for large-scale applications of renewable clean energy conversion. Featured with adjustable structure characteristics and maximum...

Bioinspired fractal nanochannels for high-performance salinity gradient energy conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 418 ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfei Kuang ◽  
Dijing Zhang ◽  
Yuemin Shen ◽  
Rui Long ◽  
Zhichun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Gradient Energy

scholarly journals Large-scale, robust mushroom-shaped nanochannel array membrane for ultrahigh osmotic energy conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. eabg2183
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Liping Wen ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Yiren Cheng ◽  
Longcheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Nanochannel Array

The osmotic energy, a large-scale clean energy source, can be converted to electricity directly by ion-selective membranes. None of the previously reported membranes meets all the crucial demands of ultrahigh power density, excellent mechanical stability, and upscaled fabrication. Here, we demonstrate a large-scale, robust mushroom-shaped (with stem and cap) nanochannel array membrane with an ultrathin selective layer and ultrahigh pore density, generating the power density up to 22.4 W·m−2 at a 500-fold salinity gradient, which is the highest value among those of upscaled membranes. The stem parts are a negative-charged one-dimensional (1D) nanochannel array with a density of ~1011 cm−2, deriving from a block copolymer self-assembly; while the cap parts, as the selective layer, are formed by chemically grafted single-molecule–layer hyperbranched polyethyleneimine equivalent to tens of 1D nanochannels per stem. The membrane design strategy provides a promising approach for large-scale osmotic energy conversion.

ENERGY CONVERSION FROM SALINITY GRADIENT USING MICROCHIP WITH NAFION MEMBRANE

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1660183 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHE-RONG CHANG ◽  
CHING-HUA YEH ◽  
HUNG-CHUN YEH ◽  
RUEY-JEN YANG
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Diffusion Potential ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Selective Membrane ◽  
The Difference

When a concentrated salt solution and a diluted salt solution are separated by an ion-selective membrane, cations and anions would diffuse at different rates depending on the ion selectivity of the membrane. The difference of positive and negative charges at both ends of the membrane would produce a potential, called the diffusion potential. Thus, electrical energy can be converted from the diffusion potential through reverse electrodialysis. This study demonstrated the fabrication of an energy conversion microchip using the standard micro-electromechanical technique, and utilizing Nafion junction as connecting membrane, which was fabricated by a surface patterned process. Through different salinity gradient of potassium chloride solutions, we experimentally investigated the diffusion potential and power generation from the microchip, and the highest value measured was 135 mV and 339 pW, respectively. Furthermore, when the electrolyte was in pH value of 3.8, 5.6, 10.3, the system exhibited best performance at pH value of 10.3; whereas, pH value of 3.8 yielded the worst.

An Experimental Study on Heterogeneous Porous Stacks in a Thermoacoustic Heat Pump

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Humaira Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
High Price ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Stack Design

Growing evidence suggests that research must be done to develop energy efficient systems and clean energy conversion technologies to combat the limited sources of fossil fuel, its high price, and its adverse effects on environment. Thermoacoustic is a clean energy conversion technology that uses the conversion of sound to thermal energy and vice versa for the design of heat engines and refrigerators. However, the efficient conversion of sound to thermal energy demands research on altering fluid, operational, and geometric parameters. The present study is a contribution to improve the efficiency of thermoacoustic devices by introducing a novel stack design. This novel stack consists of alternative conducting and insulating materials or heterogeneous materials. The author examined the performance of eight different types of heterogeneous stacks (combination 1–8) that are only a fraction of the displacement amplitude long and consisted of alternating aluminum (AL) and Corning Celcor or reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam materials. From the thermal field measurements, the author found that combination eight performs better (12% more temperature difference at the stack ends) than all the other combinations. One interesting feature obtained from these experiments is that combination 7 produces the minimum temperature at the cold end (17% less than other combinations). The thermal performance of the heterogeneous stack is compared to that of the traditional homogeneous stack. Based on the study, the newly proposed stack design provides better cooling performance than a traditionally designed stack.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting Devices

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5469
Author(s):  
Wei-Shan Hsu ◽  
Anant Preet ◽  
Tung-Yi Lin ◽  
Tzu-En Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Harvesting salinity gradient energy, also known as “osmotic energy” or “blue energy”, generated from the free energy mixing of seawater and fresh river water provides a renewable and sustainable alternative for circumventing the recent upsurge in global energy consumption. The osmotic pressure resulting from mixing water streams with different salinities can be converted into electrical energy driven by a potential difference or ionic gradients. Reversed-electrodialysis (RED) has become more prominent among the conventional membrane-based separation methodologies due to its higher energy efficiency and lesser susceptibility to membrane fouling than pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). However, the ion-exchange membranes used for RED systems often encounter limitations while adapting to a real-world system due to their limited pore sizes and internal resistance. The worldwide demand for clean energy production has reinvigorated the interest in salinity gradient energy conversion. In addition to the large energy conversion devices, the miniaturized devices used for powering a portable or wearable micro-device have attracted much attention. This review provides insights into developing miniaturized salinity gradient energy harvesting devices and recent advances in the membranes designed for optimized osmotic power extraction. Furthermore, we present various applications utilizing the salinity gradient energy conversion.

Energy Conversion using electrolytic concentration gradients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1774 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Chittur K ◽  
Aishwarya Chandran ◽  
Ashwini Khandelwal ◽  
Sivakumar A
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Flow Rates

ABSTRACTSalinity gradient is an enormous source of clean energy. A process for potential generation from an ionic concentration gradient produced in single and multicell assembly is presented. The ionic gradient is created using a fuel cell type cell with a micro-porous ion exchange membrane, both anionic (AEM) and cationic (CEM). Various salinity gradients, Salt : Fresh, from 100 : 0 to 16000 : 0 was established using NaCl solution, in the electrode chambers. A potential of 20 mV/cm to 25 mV/cm can be realized at ambient temperatures and pressures for a bipolar AEM/CEM cell. The performance was optimized for various static and dynamic flow rates of the saline and fresh water. The cell performance can further be optimized for Membrane Electrode System (MES) morphology. A multicell unit was assembled and the results presented for various conditions like concentration gradients, flow rates and pressure. The thermodynamic and electrical efficiency needs to be evaluated for various gradients and flow rates. The relation with number of valance electrons/ ion and the potential generated changes for various dynamic condition of salinity. The higher the salinity gradient the larger is the potential generated. This is limited by the membrane characteristics. There exists a monotonic relation between the number of valence electron/ion/unit time and the potential generated up to about 16000 concentration. The membrane characteristics have been studied for optimal ion crossover for various gradients and flow. The graph between ln (gradient) versus Voltage provides insights into this process. This presents a very cost effective and clean process of energy conversion.

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