scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the rabbit. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]cortisone

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Excretion

1. [4-14C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male and female New Zealand White rabbits as a single injection or as a 45–60min infusion. 2. The method of administration of the steroid did not significantly affect the total excretion of radioactivity in bile and urine [83.8±10.8%(s.d.)]. 3. The mean ratio of metabolites in urine to those in bile was 0.97±0.23% (range 0.64–1.3). 4. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by β-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, neutral metabolites extracted by ethyl acetate–ether were found mainly after hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase. 5. An approximately equal proportion of the dose was converted into substances not extractable from alkaline aqueous solution after hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the rabbit. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]progesterone

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Taylor ◽  
T Scratcherd
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

1. [4-(14)C]Progesterone was administered intravenously to anaesthetized male and female New Zealand White rabbits as a single injection or as a 45-60min. infusion. 2. After a single dose about 60% of the radioactivity was recovered in 6hr., and twice as much radioactivity was present in bile as in urine. After infusion total recovery of radioactivity was only about 40% in 6hr., but the relative proportions of metabolites in bile and urine were about the same as after a single dose. 3. Bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by beta-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid. 4. In bile the major proportion of metabolites appeared in the glucuronide fraction; in urine beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis yielded the greatest amounts of ether-extractable radioactivity, but the greatest proportion of radioactivity could not be extracted by ether from an alkaline solution of the hydrolysed urine. 5. There was no apparent difference in the quantity or distribution of metabolites excreted by male and female animals.

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4−14C]cortisone

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Neutral Aqueous Solution ◽  
Bile Metabolites

1. [4−14C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male cats as a single injection or as a 45–60min. infusion. 2. After the single dose a total of 69·6–89·6% of the radioactivity was excreted in bile, and 0·5–7·1% in urine. After infusion total recovery in bile was 73·4–92·1%, and 1·2–1·7% in urine. 3. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by β-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, most of the radioactivity was converted into substances not extractable from neutral aqueous solution by ethyl acetate–ether. 4. In bile, metabolites hydrolysable by β-glucuronidase were found in only small proportions (3–4%) of the dose.

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]testosterone

1965 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEH Archer ◽  
T Scratcherd ◽  
W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Neutral Aqueous Solution ◽  
Consistent Change

1. [4-(14)C]Testosterone was administered intravenously to anaesthetized male cats as a single injection or as a 45-60min. infusion. 2. Most of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile (70-80%); only 2.9-5.5% of the dose was excreted in the urine. 3. Bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively to yield glucuronide,;cold-acid-hydrolysed′ and; hot-acid-hydrolysed′ fractions. 4. The proportion of glucuronides in bile decreased in successive samples, but cold-and hot-acid-hydrolysed metabolites showed no consistent change. 5. After hydrolysis most of the radioactivity in both bile and urine could not be extracted by ether from neutral aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Sexual maturity in rabbits defined by the physical and chemical characteristics of the semen

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Macari ◽  
C. R. Machado
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected weekly from New Zealand white rabbits from the 1st positive mounting test to 43 weeks of age by means of an artificial vagina. The mean values of the results obtained in the 1st and 20th collection weeks were respectively: volume (ml) 0·61 ± 0·30 and 0·70 ± 0·19; pH 7·22 ± 0·50 and 7·19 ± 0±15; concentration (sperm/mm3 x 103) 750 ± 207 and 381 ± 90; fructose (mg/l00 ml) 117 ± 58 and 203 ± 121; citric acid (mg/l00 ml) 256 ± 90 and 200 ± 97; sodium ions (mEq/l) 133 ± 31 and 163 ± 46; potassium ions (mEq/l) 40 ± 21 and 29 ± 14. On the basis of these results, New Zealand white rabbits reach sexual maturity by 6 months of age.

scholarly journals Intestinal Plasmacytosis in Rabbits: A Histologic and Ultrastructural Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
J. G. Fox ◽  
S. E. Erdman ◽  
N. S. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Infiltrating Cells ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Well Differentiated

A retrospective study revealed intestinal plasmacytosis in 53 of 102 rabbits used in various experimental studies and as controls. The breeds affected included New Zealand white ( n = 46), Dutch-belted ( n = 6), and Watanabe ( n = 1) rabbits. Sex predisposition was not found in any breed. The mean (± SD) ages were 3.1 ± 1.4 years for New Zealand white rabbits, 1.3 ± 1.1 for Dutch-belted rabbits, and 2 years for the Watanabe rabbit. The severity increased with animal age. The incidence was higher ( P < 0.05) in rabbits used in antibody production and cholesterol studies. The lesions were characterized by multifocal to diffuse infiltration of well-differentiated plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa. Electron microscopic examination revealed typical plasma cell morphology of the infiltrating cells. Small intestine and cecum were the major sites affected. In severe cases, colon, rectum, trachea, esophagus, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen were also involved.

Computed tomographic study of safe implantation corridors in rabbit lumbar vertebrae

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tisha Harper ◽  
Stephen Joslyn ◽  
Julia Whittington ◽  
Devon Hague ◽  
Mark Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Stock ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean

Summary Objectives: A study was performed to evaluate the lumbar vertebrae of domestic rabbits using computed tomography (CT) in order to identify safe corridors for implant insertion. Methods: Computed tomography imaging of 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits was evaluated using three-dimensional multi -planar reconstruction, and safe corridors were determined. Following corridor determination, implant placement was performed, and imaging was repeated. Results: The cranial and caudal endplates contained the majority of the vertebral bone stock, and were an average of 3.14 and 3.30 mm in length, respectively. The mean safe corridor angle was 62.9 degrees (range: 58.8–66.7), and the mean width of the corridor was 2.03 mm (range: 1.60– 2.07). Post-placement imaging revealed that 35% of the pins demonstrated errors of placement, most commonly canal impingement. Conclusions: The results of the corridor evaluation indicate that an insertion angle of approximately 60 degrees relative to the sagittal midline is appropriate for implant insertion in the lumbar vertebrae of New Zealand white rabbits. Additionally, due to the hourglass shape of rabbit vertebrae, the endplates provide maximal bone stock for implant purchase, so insertion should be attempted in these regions. However, the high percentage of errors in placement indicate the need to more clearly define entry points to access the canal, and highlight the challenges of appropriate placement in the small bones of rabbits.

Effects of dehydration on the heat tolerance of male and female New Zealand White rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
C. J. Thwaites ◽  
N. B. Baillie ◽  
W. Kasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Skin Temperatures

SUMMARYMale and female New Zealand White rabbits were exposed for 3h to 34 °C and 36 °C (both at 40% r.h.) when hydrated and dehydrated. Females had lower rectal and skin temperatures and respiratory rates than males (P < 0·001). Differences between the sexes in rectal temperature were greater at 36 °C than at 34 °C. Withholding water for 24h significantly increased the responses in rectal temperature; the differentials between hydrated and dehydrated males and females being 0·3 °C and 0·2 °C, respectively. In contrast, respiratory rates were lower in dehydrated than in hydrated rabbits, suggesting that the former were attempting water homeostatis at the expense of thermoregulation.The results suggest that the performance of rabbits in the tropics is likely to be maximized when drinking water is available at all times, and that of males, particularly breeding bucks, might be improved simply by housing them in the coolest available location. Significant individual differences in observed responses point to the need for genetic studies of heat tolerance and the possibility of developing better adapted genotypes.

scholarly journals Reversible Fibroadenomatous Mammary Hyperplasia in Male and Female New Zealand White Rabbits Associated with Cyclosporine A Administration

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Krimer ◽  
S. B. Harvey ◽  
U. Blas-Machado ◽  
J. D. Lauderdale ◽  
P. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Mammary Hyperplasia

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]oestradiol

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Karim ◽  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection

1. [4-14C]Oestradiol was administered to seven male, seven female and two castrated male cats as a single intravenous injection. Bile and urine were collected for 6h. 2. The radioactivity was excreted mainly in the bile of all animals (53–60%); only approx. 1% of the dose appeared in the urine. 3. Bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by β-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid. There were significant differences (P<0.005) between the percentage of the dose present in the bile fractions hydrolysed by β-glucuronidase (male, 9.0±1.7%; female, 18.6±1.45%) and by cold acid (male, 18.9±1.44%; female 12.1±1.02%). The excretion of radioactivity in these fractions by the castrated male cats was closer to that of female cats. 4. Approx. 20–27% of the dose could not be extracted from aqueous solution (pH10.5) by ethyl acetate–ether after hydrolysis.

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